German Fencing Association

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German Fencing Association V.
(DFB)
DFB logo
Logo of the German Fencing Association
Founded Dec. 17, 1911 /
Nov. 27, 1949
Place of foundation Frankfurt am Main / Bonn
President Claudia Bokel
societies 470
Members 23,845
Association headquarters Bonn
Homepage www.fechten.org

The German Fencing Association e. V. ( DFB ) is the national umbrella organization for fencing in Germany. He is a member of the Fédération Internationale d'Escrime and the continental umbrella organization Confédération Européenne d'Escrime . In 2018, the association represented 23,845 members in 470 associations organized in twenty regional associations. At the Olympic Games, the fencers represented by the DFB were the fifth most successful nation with a total of 42 medals.

The association was founded in 1911 in Frankfurt am Main. It was re-established in 1949 after it had been replaced by the fencing department at the time of National Socialism and the sport of fencing had been banned by the Allies as a "paramilitary exercise" after the end of the war. After the end of the GDR , the German Fencing Association (DFV) was incorporated into the German Fencing Association in 1990 .

history

The DFB until 1933

As early as 1897, the German Fencing Association , which was soon renamed the German and Austrian Fencing Association (DÖFB), a forerunner of today's DFB. However, this first national fencing association dissolved again in 1902. Subsequently, it was mostly the regional association of fencing clubs in the Middle Rhine region who organized participation in international competitions. It was only after the DÖFB was dissolved, at the Olympic Intermediate Games in Athens in 1906, that German representatives won a major international competition for the first time , with Gustav Casmir in saber singles and the saber team around Casmir and Jakob Erckrath de Bary . In the subsequent Olympic Games, however, they could not defend the title.

The German Fencing Association was founded on December 17, 1911 in the Hotel Frankfurter Hof in Frankfurt am Main, primarily in order to establish a better representation of German fencers at international tournaments . Its founding members included nine clubs representing a total of 557 fencers. Its purpose was to unite German fencing associations, clubs and individual fencers, to hold tournaments on a national level and to represent German interests abroad. A connection with the Austrian Fencing Association was expressly excluded after the negative experience with the previous organization. On February 25, 1912, the first federal assembly was held, which Jakob Erckrath de Bary elected as the first president of the new association. A year later, the German Fencing Federation was also a founding member of the international fencing association, the Fédération Internationale d'Escrime . De Bary became one of its vice-presidents.

The German championships were organized by the DFB for the first time in 1913 . Before that, championship competitions took place from 1896 to 1899. The competition was organized as a private event in 1896 and from 1897–1899 by the DÖFB. In 1914 the championships could be held again. Subsequently, the First World War not only paralyzed all fencing activity, but also cost the lives of some fencers, including the first German saber fencing champion, Hermann Plaskuda . Only around 1920 was there an orderly tournament operation again, but in 1922 the German team championships had to be canceled. It was not until 1925 that the DFB was reassigned to the international umbrella organization and from that year on again took part in international competitions. At club level, however, there were international competitions earlier, so in 1923 Dutch fencers accepted an invitation to a tournament in Offenbach.

In 1924, fencing was the first time that its own association magazine appeared after the Deutsche Fechter-Zeitung , which was published together with the gymnasts, had to be discontinued during the inflationary period . The competition with the German Gymnastics Association , in which considerably more fencers were organized than in the fencing association, was formative for the DFB's early years. Although joint championships could be held in 1926 and a joint "German Fencing Committee" was founded in 1931, German fencers remained organized in two different associations until 1934. In 1928 August Petri succeeded de Bary in the office of DFB President. He was followed just two years later by Heinrich Mayer , who remained president until the reorganization of the DFB under the National Socialists.

The most successful fencers of the years 1914-1933 were Erwin Casmir from Frankfurt and Helene Mayer among the women who first played foil competitions in the 1923 German championships . In addition to numerous German championship titles in all weapons, Casmir also won the silver medal at the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam. Mayer won the Olympic Games and several times the world championships in foil singles. The dominant clubs were the fencing club Hermannia Frankfurt and the fencing club Offenbach .

Fencing at the time of National Socialism 1933–1945

Ellen Müller-Preis , Ilona Elek and Helene Mayer at the award ceremony of the 1936 Summer Olympics

Shortly after Hitler came to power, German sport also adapted to the National Socialist ideology. The German Gymnastics Association passed an Aryan paragraph on April 8, 1933 , and the German Gymnastics Festival, which took place at the end of July, was supposed to be "Jew-free". Numerous fencing clubs independent of gymnastics clubs also excluded Jewish members. At the fencing club Offenbach , Jewish fencers, including Helene Mayer's family, were asked to resign themselves.

Under the leadership of the Reich Sports Commissioner Hans von Tschammer und Osten , the Reichsführerring des Deutschen Sport was created as the new umbrella organization for German sport, and the number of sports associations, now known as specialist pillars , was reduced from thirty-eight to fifteen. The fencers were initially incorporated into the German Gymnastics Federation, which was decidedly rejected by the fencers of the former DFB. Only after the establishment of the German Reich Association for Physical Exercise on January 23, 1934, fencing became one of the 21 independent specialist offices. Fold chief officer was Erwin Casmir . The focus was on top-class sport and preparation for the Olympic Games in Berlin until 1936, a significant loss of membership in the years 1934 to 1936 was accepted.

However, the German fencers could not keep up with the dominating Italians and French at the Olympic Games, one of the three medals was also won by Helene Mayer, who lived in the United States and was classified as half- Jewish by the Nazis because of her Jewish father . At the instigation of Reinhard Heydrich , himself a successful saber fencer, Casmir was dismissed as head of the specialist office and replaced by the SS standard leader Hermann Behrends . As a result, the SS took on key positions within the specialist office, numerous successful fencers became members of the SS, and Roman Fischer became an SS member of German champions for the first time in 1938.

The beginning of the Second World War did not affect the fencing business at first, in 1941 Heydrich took over the office of the head of the specialist department, but handed the office back to Hermann Rau in 1942 . From 1943 onwards, sports activities were only possible to a limited extent, and the German championships in 1944 were finally canceled. After the unconditional surrender of the German Reich, sport fencing was finally banned by the Allied Control Council as a "paramilitary exercise" in Directive No. 23 ("Restriction and demilitarization of sports in Germany").

Until the reunification in 1990

Even if fencing was officially prohibited, many fencers disregarded the decision of the Allied Control Council and fought in secret - for example in basements or attics. Despite the existing ban, the German Fencing Association was re-established on November 27, 1949 in the plenary hall of the German Bundestag in Bonn. Erwin Casmir became chairman of the re-established DFB. Six months later, the Allied High Commission officially lifted the fencing ban. In the GDR , the "Fencing Section" developed independently of the DFB, so that it only represented the western part of Germany. In March 1952, the DFB was finally accepted back into the international fencing organization FIE. The East German fencing section only became a member of the FIE in 1956.

In 1952, the German athletes took part in the Olympic Games in Helsinki again. With the exception of Erwin Casmir's son Norman , the team consisted entirely of fencers who were already active in the 1930s. But the German fencers could no longer keep up with the international top. Even at the Olympic Games in Melbourne in 1956 , the only German participant, Günter Stratmann , could not prevail against the international competition. Then there was a dispute between Stratmann and Casmir, which was one reason for Casmir's deselection as DFB president at the 1957 German Fechtertag. His successor was Otto Adam from the Saarland .

The women were more successful in the 1950s, in 1953 Ilse Keydel won the first post-war Germany fencing medal at a world championship in Brussels as the third woman in women's floret. In 1957 , Heidi Schmid won the silver medal both in the foil singles and in the women's team. In 1960 the first medals at the Olympic Games could be won again in Rome. Heidi Schmid won gold in the women's floret, the men's floret team came third.

Nevertheless, the successes of the 1950s and 1960s were limited to individual achievements, the two-time world champion Friedrich Wessel was no exception. A debate began in Germany about more modern training methods, the classic fencing clubs lost their importance in favor of supraregional training centers. At the instigation of Elmar Waterloh , who became DFB President in 1972, the first federal performance center was built in Bonn. The first fencing boarding school was added in 1971, and further boarding schools were set up in Heidenheim and Tauberbischofsheim in 1978 and 1980. The OFC Bonn and the Tauberbischofsheim fencing club, founded by Emil Beck in 1967, subsequently dominated German fencing and won 65 of the 78 team competitions at the German championships between 1970 and 1989. Above all, the Tauberbischofsheim fencers trained by Beck according to his radically new training methods , including the Tauberbischofsheim fencing lessons , also dominated the world elite. Olympic champions were for example Alexander Pusch , Matthias Behr and Anja Fichtel . Beck's sometimes authoritarian leadership style and the steep rise of FC Tauberbischofsheim often gave rise to arguments. Arnd Schmitt , for example, switched to TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen after a short stay at Tauber and then accused Beck of overreaching fencers and even fixing results at tournaments. Klaus Dieter Güse , who was elected President's successor to Waterloh in 1978, was also in constant conflict with Emil Beck, who was often referred to as "Fecht-Napoleon". Nevertheless, the time under national coach Emil Beck was the most successful period in German fencing.

The DFB after 1990

Anja Fichtel (right) at the World Cup '93 in Essen, photo by Dr. Hans M. Rupp.

In 1986 Erika Dienstl succeeded President Klaus Dieter Güse, who resigned for health reasons. During her term of office, the East German German Fencing Association was incorporated into the DFB after German reunification in 1990. The state associations of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia were already included in December 1990. As a result, many successful East German foil fencers moved to Tauberbischofsheim, including Ingo Weissenborn and Udo Wagner . Subsequently, international competitions were increasingly held in Germany (the World Championships in 1993 in Essen and 2005 in Leipzig, as well as the European Championships in 2001 in Koblenz and 2010 and 2017 in Leipzig). Before that , World Championships only took place once, in 1978 , in Hamburg.

In the early 1990s, German fencers remained dominant and won a total of 13 medals at the World Championships in Essen, for example, with Felix Becker becoming the first German saber fencer world champion in 1994. Subsequently, however, the medal yield was lower, at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta it was only enough for a bronze medal. As a result, there was increased criticism against national coach Beck, who finally resigned in 1999. In 2000 the term of office of President Erika Dienstl also ended. He was succeeded by Gordon Rapp , who was to lead the DFB until 2014. Benjamin Kleibrink and Britta Heidemann's 2008 Olympic victories fell during Rapp's term of office . In 2011, the German Fencing Association received the sports plaque from the Federal President in honor of its 100th anniversary. In 2012, the record of the Olympic Games with a bronze and a silver medal was weaker than in 2008. In 2014 Lothar Blase was elected President after Gordon Rapp resigned after 14 years in office. However, the sporting record remained mixed: Due to the poor results at the 2015 World Championships and the subsequent World Cup season, no team was able to qualify for the 2016 Olympic Games , so for the first time since 1956 only individual fencers took part. In addition to the poor athletic performance, the resignation of President Lothar Blase at the beginning of 2016 also put a strain on the association; Vice-President Luitwin Ress resigned before that due to a lack of support from the regional associations. Dieter Lammer then took over the role of President on a provisional basis. After the sobering performance at the 2016 Olympic Games , in which the German fencers could not win a medal for the first time since 1972, Claudia Bokel took over the office of President in October . At the fencing day in November 2016 she was officially confirmed as president.

Membership development

year 1913 1934 1936 1939 1953 1964 1974 1982 1993 2000 2010 2017
fencer 557 by 10,000 6,249 9,088 9,650 14,287 19,879 23,742 26,736 24,800 25,647 23,915

organization

Claudia Bokel Gordon Rapp Erika Dienstl Otto Adam (Fechter) Erwin Casmir Reinhard Heydrich Hermann Behrends Erwin Casimir August Petri Jakob Erckrath de Bary

Members of the German Fencing Federation are, in addition to possible honorary members and presidents, only the 20 state professional associations. Their clubs and club members belong to the DFB, but are not direct members. The DFB is headed by a six-person executive committee. The highest organ of the association is the German Fechtertag, which meets every two years. In the years without the German Fechtertag, the main committee takes over some of its tasks. The DFB fulfills its association jurisdiction with an arbitration tribunal and a disciplinary court.

According to the statutes, there are permanent committees for the content-related work: the sports and youth committee. In addition, there are committees for judges, teaching, medicine, technology and seniors.

Bureau

Claudia Bokel has been President since October 2016 . Vice-presidents are Reka Lazăr-Szabo (sport and youth sport), Dieter Lammer (vice president international affairs), Hennig von Reden (vice president finance) and Armin Stadter (vice president popular sport). The presidium is completed by two representatives of the regional associations and an active spokesperson chosen by the athletes themselves. This function is carried out by Marius Braun .

German fencing day

The German Fechtertag is the highest organ of the association. The fencing day includes delegates from the 20 regional professional associations. A national association can send one delegate for every 500 members. Furthermore, the chairmen of the regional associations, the honorary presidents (currently Erika Dienstl and Gordon Rapp ), the honorary members, the members of the executive committee, the chairman of the German fencing youth and the spokesman for the senior citizens are voting members of the fencing day.

State professional associations

The following twenty state associations belong to the DFB:

  • Baden-WürttembergBaden-Württemberg North Baden Fencing Association
  • Baden-WürttembergBaden-Württemberg South Baden Fencing Association
  • BavariaBavaria Bavarian Fencing Association
  • BerlinBerlin Berlin Fencing Association
  • BrandenburgBrandenburg Brandenburg Fencing Association
  • BremenBremen State Fencing Association Bremen
  • HamburgHamburg Hamburg Fencing Association
  • HesseHesse Hessian Fencing Association
  • Mecklenburg-Western PomeraniaMecklenburg-Western Pomerania Landesfechtverband Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
  • Rhineland-PalatinateRhineland-Palatinate Fencing Association Middle Rhine
  • Lower SaxonyLower Saxony Fencing Association Lower Saxony
  • North Rhine-WestphaliaNorth Rhine-Westphalia Rhenish Fencing Federation
  • SaarlandSaarland Fencing Association Saar
  • SaxonySaxony Saxon Fencing Association
  • Saxony-AnhaltSaxony-Anhalt Fencing Association of Saxony-Anhalt
  • Schleswig-HolsteinSchleswig-Holstein Fencing Federation Schleswig-Holstein
  • Rhineland-PalatinateRhineland-Palatinate Southwest German Fencing Association
  • ThuringiaThuringia Thuringian Fencing Association
  • North Rhine-WestphaliaNorth Rhine-Westphalia Westphalian Fencing Association
  • Baden-WürttembergBaden-Württemberg Württemberg Fencing Association

Apart from Baden-Württemberg , North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate , where several associations exist for historical reasons, the boundaries of the state associations correspond to those of the federal states. The three fencing federations of Baden-Württemberg have been cooperating since 2018 as part of the Fencing Baden-Württemberg interest group .

Federal bases

Since 1976 there was a federal center for fencing in Tauberbischofsheim . The national Olympic base (OSP) for the sport of fencing, founded in Tauberbischofsheim in 1986, existed until 2017. Together with a representative of the DOSB , the German Fencing Association, the Baden-Württemberg State Sports Association , the city of Tauberbischofsheim and the Tauberbischofsheim fencing club , a management team was established in 2005 educated. This committee steered and coordinated the original supervision tasks of the fencers at the OSP.

Since 2018, the former Tauberbischofsheim Olympic base has been continued as a federal base . The 1963 founded National Training Center Bonn and the center fencing Heidenheim that entertain also fencing boarding schools, now also carry the designation federal base .

Further junior federal support centers are located in Dormagen (for sabers) and Berlin (for foil).

competitive sport

The association annually organizes German championships in all weapons and all age groups from the B youth. The best of the German ranking list (the best 24 fencers in 2015) and the best of the state rankings (a further 48 fencers) are eligible to participate. The number of starting places per national association is determined by the number of active fencers registered there.

The DFB maintains ranking lists for all weapons, which are decisive for the start in the German championships, the nomination in international competitions and the appointment to the national squad . Up to 55 fencers (eleven per discipline) are appointed by the DFB to the Olympic, perspective or supplementary squad, in addition there are 96 places for junior fencers in junior squads 1 and 2. The fencers are trained by discipline and junior trainers in the respective disciplines (women - and men's epee, floret and saber). In 2014, the DFB was funded by the Federal Ministry of the Interior with a total of 2.7 million euros, plus funding from the sports promotion group of the Bundeswehr and the Federal Police as well as the states and municipalities. Squad athletes also receive support from Deutsche Sporthilfe . According to a study by the Federal Institute for Sports Science, fencers in the federal team have a gross monthly income of 1248 euros and are thus below the average of the sports examined. In addition to income from sport, the monthly income also included professional activity and support from parents.

According to its anti-doping regulations, the association is committed to combating doping and has appointed two anti-doping officers. With 75 training and 36 competition controls, the National Anti-Doping Agency carried out relatively few controls in 2014 compared to other sports.

In an international comparison, after the Games in London in 2012, the German fencers were the fifth most successful nation at the Olympic Games with 13 gold, 17 silver and 12 bronze medals .

Popular sport

In addition to German championships and championships of the regional associations, there are a large number of smaller and larger tournaments. A fencing pass is required to participate , for which every fencer has to take a one-time tournament qualification examination. The fencing pass must be renewed annually through a fencing club at the DFB.

The largest event in popular sports is the Germany Cup. It is carried out separately in all weapons for men and women. All fencing clubs and fencing departments that are members of the DFB are eligible to participate. Fencers who are currently or in the last three years a member of a DFB squad are not allowed to start. This measure is intended to ensure the mass sport character of the competition. Up until the 2013/2014 season, the first three teams in the last German active team championship for a weapon were also not eligible to start. The preliminary rounds are played over several rounds in knockout mode, the final of the best eight teams takes place centrally for all weapons in one place.

Furthermore, the DFB offers the opportunity to acquire a special form of the German sports badge , the fencing badge . For this purpose, a certain number of competitive battles must be contested within one year. In addition, the tests for the German sports badge must be passed successfully. The fencing badge is also intended to encourage amateur fencers to take part in tournaments, and general fitness is to be promoted.

youth

The Deutsche Fechterjugend (dfj) is responsible for the “Youth” division. As a DFB youth organization, the dfj is legally and organizationally integrated into the DFB, but has a special role due to the provisions of the Child and Youth Welfare Act (KJHG): the dfj can independently decide on its content-related work and the use of the funds it receives. The board of the fencing youth is not elected by the German Fechtertag, but by a separate youth fencing conference. The youth fencing day consists of two representatives per national association, only one of whom may not be a youth. In terms of content, according to the statutes and youth regulations of the DFB , the German fencing youth is responsible for popular sport in the youth sector as well as for youth care measures . It is a member organization of the German Sports Youth . The youth committee is currently chaired by Philipp Gorray.

The fencing youth regularly conducts summer courses in Bonn and Tauberbischofsheim, in which up to seventy children and young people from Germany and abroad take part. With the direct hit program she organizes, the aim is to motivate children on the way to the tournament qualification test by successfully passing individual intermediate goals (hits) generating a sense of achievement on the way to the final test.

literature

  • German Fencing Federation (editor), Andreas Schirmer (editor): En Garde! Allez! Touché !: 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, ISBN 978-3-89899-690-7 .
  • Klaus Dieter Güse, Andreas Schirmer: Fascination Fencing: From the miraculous rise of a sport in Germany. Limpert Verlag, Bad Homburg 1986, ISBN 3-7853-1475-2 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c 2018 inventory (PDF) German Olympic Sports Confederation, accessed on May 15, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Andreas Schirmer: The foundation of the DFB 1911. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 26–29, here p. 26.
  3. ↑ Andreas Schirmer: The foundation of the DFB 1911. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 26–29, here p. 27 f.
  4. ↑ Max Geuter: Chronicle of the German fencing newspapers. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 65–68, here p. 65.
  5. ↑ Klaus Dieter Güse, Andreas Schirmer: Fascination Fencing: From the miraculous rise of a sport in Germany. Limpert Verlag, Bad Homburg 1986, p. 39.
  6. ↑ Andreas Schirmer, 150 years of FC Offenbach - Die Modernisierer vom Main , fechtsport magazin 04/2013, pp. 20–22.
  7. ↑ Max Geuter: Chronicle of the German fencing newspapers. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 176–179, here p. 177.
  8. ↑ Berno Bahro: The time of National Socialism. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 44–53, here p. 44.
  9. ↑ Andreas Schirmer: The turning point of an era: The 1st World War. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 34–43, here pp. 34–36.
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Scheerer: Ulm “gymnastics father” causes problems for the grandchildren. Südwest Presse, April 22, 2009, archived from the original on April 3, 2015 ; Retrieved June 20, 2015 .
  11. ↑ Waldemar Krug: "... and I will stay forever". In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. November 17, 2010, accessed June 20, 2015 (via Helene Mayer).
  12. ↑ Berno Bahro: The time of National Socialism. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 44–53, here p. 45 f.
  13. ↑ Berno Bahro: The time of National Socialism. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 44–53, here pp. 46–48.
  14. ↑ Volker Kluge; Donald Macgregor (translator): A “New Woman” and her Involuntary Myth * - One hundred years ago the German fencer Helene Mayer was born. In: Journal of Olympic History. 19, No. 3, 2011, pp. 30-38.
  15. ↑ Berno Bahro: The time of National Socialism. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 44–53, here pp. 50–53.
  16. ↑ Berno Bahro: The time of National Socialism. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 44–53, here p. 53.
  17. ↑ Andreas Schirmer: The re-establishment after 1945. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 54–58, here: p. 54.
  18. ^ Andreas Schirmer, Divided like the country - the German fencing sport after 1945. In: Berndt Barth, Emil Beck (Ed.): Fechttraining. , Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2000, p. 18 f.
  19. ↑ a b Jörg Stratmann: The 50s and 60s. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 79–91.
  20. ↑ a b c Andreas Schirmer: The presidents of the DFB since 1911. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 59–64, here: p. 59.
  21. ↑ G. Stabenow: Athletes with flashing blades - the art of fencing is no longer enough. Die Zeit, May 10, 1963, accessed on September 6, 2015 .
  22. ↑ Andreas Schirmer: The golden 70s and 80s. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 92-104.
  23. ↑ Andreas Schirmer: Moving 90s. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 92–140.
  24. ↑ German Fencing Association awarded with sports badge. DOSB, accessed on May 5, 2015 .
  25. ↑ Epee fencers also miss Olympic qualification - Rio without German teams. (No longer available online.) In: Handelsblatt . February 15, 2016, archived from the original on March 12, 2016 ; accessed on March 12, 2016 .
  26. ↑ Fechter President Bladder resigned. In: welt.de . January 10, 2016, accessed March 16, 2016 .
  27. ↑ With a blunt blade. Spiegel Online, August 11, 2016, accessed November 5, 2016 .
  28. ↑ Claudia Bokel has been confirmed in office as President of the German Fencing Association. Deutscher Fechter-Bund, November 5, 2016, accessed on November 5, 2016 .
  29. ↑ Andreas Schirmer: The foundation of the DFB 1911. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 26–29, here p. 28.
  30. ↑ Numbers for the fencing department . He represented 8,218 fencers who were previously represented by the German Gymnastics Federation. In addition, there are the fencers of the former DFB, for which no precise membership numbers have been recorded. In 1931 he represented about 2000 fencers. Numbers according to: Berno Bahro: The time of National Socialism. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 44–53, here p. 49.
  31. ↑ Berno Bahro: The time of National Socialism. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 44–53, here p. 49.
  32. ↑ Berno Bahro: The time of National Socialism. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, pp. 44–53, here p. 51.
  33. ↑ a b c d e f g table membership development of the DFB from 1906 to 2010. In: Deutscher Fechter-Bund (Ed.), Andreas Schirmer (Red.): En Garde! Allez! Touchez! 100 years of fencing in Germany - a success story. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2012, p. 30.
  34. ↑ a b c d Statutes of the German Fencing Federation V., § 11. (PDF; 143 kB) Deutscher Fechter Bund, December 13, 2014, accessed on March 13, 2016 .
  35. ↑ DFB: Claudia Bokel new President of the German Fencing Association. Deutscher Fechter-Bund eV, October 8, 2016, accessed on October 8, 2016 .
  36. ^ Presidium. German Fencing Association, accessed on June 3, 2019 .
  37. ↑ What we do. IG Fechten Baden-Württemberg, accessed on May 14, 2019 .
  38. ↑ Tauberbischofsheim Olympic Training Center. (No longer available online.) FC Tauberbischofsheim, archived from the original on April 13, 2015 ; Retrieved May 3, 2015 .
  39. ↑ Federal and state fencing base ( Memento from May 4, 2015 in the web archive archive.today )
  40. ^ Federal base. Heidenheimer SB, accessed on October 17, 2015 .
  41. ^ Federal support points for young people and federal support points. (PDF; 116 kB) (No longer available online.) DOSB, July 1, 2013, archived from the original on November 5, 2016 ; Retrieved November 5, 2016 .
  42. ↑ Starter quota 2015/2016. (PDF; 108 kB) Deutscher Fechter Bund, accessed on September 6, 2015 .
  43. ↑ In the past these functions were fulfilled by the A, B and Cü cadres.
  44. ↑ formerly called C-squad.
  45. ↑ Squad list 2018/2019. (PDF; 120 kB) German Fencing Association, May 4, 2019, accessed on May 14, 2019 .
  46. ↑ national coach. German Fencing Association, accessed on May 14, 2019 .
  47. ↑ Promotion of top-class sport by the Olympic and non-Olympic federal sports associations 2014. (CSV) (No longer available online.) BMI, 2015, archived from the original on September 23, 2015 ; accessed on September 6, 2015 .
  48. ↑ Christoph Breuer, Pamela Wicker: Sports economic analysis of the living situation of top athletes in Germany. (PDF; 932 kB) Federal Institute for Sport Science, Bonn, 2010, pp. 16–23 , accessed on March 28, 2016 .
  49. ^ Anti-doping regulations of the German Fencing Association. (PDF; 545 kB) DFB, January 2015, p. 1 , accessed on March 28, 2016 .
  50. ↑ NADA annual report 2014 (PDF; 2.2 MB) National Anti-Doping Agency, May 2015, p. 8f , accessed on March 28, 2016 .
  51. ↑ Germany Cup . German Fencing Association, accessed on July 10, 2013 .
  52. ↑ An important innovation in the Germany Cup . German Fencing Association, accessed on April 18, 2015 .
  53. ↑ Fencing badge. German Fencing Association, accessed on July 27, 2014 .
  54. ^ German youth fencing day. German fencing youth, accessed on March 12, 2016 .
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on April 2, 2016 .