German men's national handball team

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Germany
DHB logo
Association DHB
confederacy EHF
Outfitter puma
Trainer Alfreð Gíslason
Assistant coach Erik Wudtke
Team captain Uwe Gensheimer
Most goals Frank-Michael Wahl : 1412 (including 1338 for the GDR)
Most games Frank-Michael Wahl : 344 (including 313 for the GDR)
home
Away
Balance sheet
1406 games
852 wins
133 draws
421 defeats
statistics
First international
field handball match : Germany 3-6 Austria , September 13, 1925, Halle (Saale) Indoor handball: German Reich 11-3 Denmark February 5, 1938, Germany
German EmpireGerman Empire AustriaAustria


German Reich NSGerman Reich (Nazi era) DenmarkDenmark
Highest victory Germany 46: 4 Luxembourg February 27, 1958, Berlin , GDR
Germany team all German 1956All-German team LuxembourgLuxembourg
Biggest defeat by the German Empire 10:28 am Sweden January 6, 1942, Gothenburg , Sweden
German Reich NSGerman Reich (Nazi era) SwedenSweden
Olympic games
Participation 10 of 13 (First: 1936 )
best result Olympic Champion 1936 (field)
Olympic Champion 1980 - GDR (Halle)
Handball world championship
Participation 23 of 26 (First: 1938 )
best result World champion 1938 , 1952 , 1955 , 1959 , 1963 - GDR, 1966 (field)
World champion 1938 , 1978 , 2007 (hall)
European handball championship
Participation 11 of 12 (First: 1994 )
best result European Champion 2004 , 2016
(As of January 25, 2020)

The German men's national handball team represents the German Handball Federation (DHB) as a selection team at international level in international matches against teams from other national associations. The national coach nominates the squad .

The German team is one of the most successful handball teams in the world with eight titles in world championships (2 × 1938, 1952, 1955, 1959, 1966, 1978, 2007; six of them in field handball world championships ) and two titles in European championships (2004, 2016). Furthermore, the gold medal was won at the Olympic Games in 1936, the silver medal in 1984 and 2004 and the bronze medal in 2016 . In 1978 and 2007 the men's national handball team was voted Team of the Year . Alfreð Gíslason has been national coach since February 6, 2020 .

During the years when Germany was divided, the GDR men's national handball team represented the GDR at international matches and tournaments. They won gold at the 1980 Summer Olympics and was the most successful team in the Baltic Cup .

Participation in competitions

Olympic games

The German national handball team has qualified ten times for the Summer Olympics . For the first time handball was played at the Olympic Summer Games in 1936 - it was the only tournament that was played in field handball . It was not until 1972 that handball was reintroduced as an indoor sport as an Olympic sport. In 1980 they did not take part in the Summer Olympics because the National Olympic Committee for Germany decided to boycott them. In 1988 and 2012 you could not qualify for the tournament. You could not qualify for the Olympic Summer Games in 1984 either, but were allowed to move up due to the boycott of the former Eastern Bloc countries and won the silver medal. So far, the ten participations have reached the final three times and won one gold, two silver and one bronze medal.

At the Summer Olympics from 1972 to 1988, two German teams competed in the tournaments. For the placements of the GDR national team at world championships, see GDR men's national handball team .

year venue Participation until ... opponent Result Comments and special features
1936 A Berlin Finals Austria gold medal
gold
Hans Theilig was the top scorer.
1972 Munich Play for 5th place Soviet Union 6th place
1976 Montreal 3rd place match Poland 4th Place
1980 Moscow - - not participated The (West) German team did not take part in the tournament due to the boycott of the National Olympic Committee .
1984 los Angeles final Yugoslavia Silver medal
silver
The (West) German team did not qualify for the tournament, but due to the boycott of the Eastern Bloc countries at the time , they were still able to participate and won the silver medal for the first time.
1988 Seoul - - not qualified
1992 Barcelona Play for 9th place Czechoslovakia 10th place
1996 Atlanta Game for 7th place Switzerland 7th place
2000 Sydney Play for 5th place France 5th place
2004 Athens final Croatia Silver medal
silver
Henning Fritz as goalkeeper and Christian Schwarzer as circle runner were elected to the All-Star-Team.
2008 Beijing Group stage Denmark 9th place
2012 London - - not qualified
2016 Rio de Janeiro 3rd place match Poland Bronze medal
bronze
Uwe Gensheimer was chosen as the left winger in the All-Star-Team.
A.The field handball competition was held for the first time and for the last time .

World championships in field handball

German national handball teams took part in six of the seven field handball world championships held up to 1966 and were always able to win the title.

For the placements of the GDR national team at field handball world championships, see also the GDR men's national handball team .

year Host country final Result Comments and special features
1938 German Empire German Reich NSGerman Reich (Nazi era) German Empire 23: 0 SwitzerlandSwitzerlandSwitzerland  World Champion
1948 France not eligible After the Second World War, no new handball association had been founded to represent Germany at the IHF.
1952 Switzerland Germany BRBR Germany FRG 19: 8 SwedenSwedenSweden  World Champion
1955 FRG Germany BRBR GermanyFRG 25:13 SwitzerlandSwitzerlandSwitzerland World Champion
1959 Austria GermanyGermanyGermany 14:11 RomaniaRomaniaRomania  World Champion Participation with an all-German team under the DHB trainer Werner Vick .
1963 Switzerland Germany Democratic Republic 1949GDR GDR 14: 7 FRGGermany BRBR Germany 2nd place
1966 Austria Germany BRBR GermanyFRG 15:15 GDRGermany Democratic Republic 1949GDR World Champion The selection of the FRG won because of their better goal difference of +51 goals.

World championships

The German national handball team has so far qualified for a world championship 21 times . Only in 1990 and 1997 could not qualify for the tournament. You could not qualify for the 2015 World Cup either, but you could still take part in the tournament thanks to a wildcard. Of the 21 participations, the final five times has been reached and this has been decided three times.

In 1958 and 1961, an all-German team started under the then DHB trainer Werner Vick . At the world championships from 1964 to 1990, however, two German teams competed in the world championships. For the placements of the GDR national team at world championships, see also the GDR men's national handball team .

year Host country Participation until ... opponent Result Comments and special features
1938 German Empire final Sweden World Champion Hans Theilig was the top scorer.
1954 Sweden final Sweden 2nd place Otto Maychrzak was the top scorer. The best player of the tournament was Bernhard Kempa .
1958 GDR 3rd place match Denmark 3rd place Participation with an all-German team under the DHB trainer Werner Vick .
1961 FRG 3rd place match Sweden 4th Place Participation with an all-German team under the DHB trainer Werner Vick .
1964 Czechoslovakia 3rd place match Czechoslovakia 4th Place
1967 Sweden Play for 5th place Sweden 6th place Herbert Lübking and Hans-Günther Schmidt were top scorer.
1970 France Play for 5th place Sweden 5th place
1974 GDR Placement round Bulgaria 9th place
1978 Denmark final Soviet Union World Champion For the first time after the Second World War, the national team won the world championship title.
1982 FRG Game for 7th place Spain 7th place
1986 Switzerland Game for 7th place Denmark 7th place
1990 Czechoslovakia - - not qualified
1993 Sweden Play for 5th place Spain 6th place
1995 Iceland 3rd place match Sweden 4th Place Andreas Thiel was chosen as the goalkeeper in the All-Star-Team.
1997 Japan - - not qualified
1999 Egypt Play for 5th place France 5th place
2001 France Game for 7th place Ukraine 8th place
2003 Portugal final Croatia 2nd place The best player of the tournament was Christian Schwarzer . He was also elected to the All-Star Team with goalkeeper Henning Fritz .
2005 Tunisia Play for 9th place Czech Republic 9th place
2007 Germany final Poland World Champion The world championship was described in the German media as a "winter fairy tale" and later filmed as Project Gold . Henning Fritz as the goalkeeper and Michael Kraus as the back center were elected to the All-Star-Team.
2009 Croatia Play for 5th place Hungary 5th place
2011 Sweden Game for 11th place Argentina 11th place The game ended after the second extra time 40:35 .
2013 Spain Quarter finals Spain 5th place
2015 Qatar Game for 7th place Slovenia 7th place Germany moved up as a participant thanks to a wildcard .
2017 France Round of 16 Qatar 9th place Germany qualified as European champions in 2016 .
2019 Denmark / Germany 3rd place match France 4th Place Fabian Wiede was chosen as the right back space in the All-Star-Team.

European championships

The German national handball team qualified twelve times for a European championship . They reached the final three times and won the European Championship for the first time in 2004 under coach Heiner Brand . Only in 2014 did she miss qualification for the tournament under coach Martin Heuberger .

At the 2016 European Championships, the youngest of the participating teams competed and had to do without captain Uwe Gensheimer , Patrick Groetzki , Michael Allendorf and Patrick Wiencek due to injury . In the main round match against Russia , captain Steffen Weinhold and Christian Dissinger were injured and had to be replaced by Kai Häfner and Julius Kühn . In the final in front of 15,000 spectators in the Tauron Arena in Krakow on January 31, 2016 in Krakow, with a 24:17 against Spain, the European championship title was secured for the second time.

year Host country Participation until ... opponent Result Comments and special features
1994 PortugalPortugal Portugal Play for 9th place Slovenia 9th place
1996 SpainSpain Spain Game for 7th place France 8th place Thomas Knorr was the top scorer.
1998 ItalyItaly Italy 3rd place match Russia 3rd place The best player of the tournament was left backcourt player Daniel Stephan . He was also elected to the all-star team with left winger Stefan Kretzschmar .
2000 CroatiaCroatia Croatia Play for 9th place Denmark 9th place
2002 SwedenSweden Sweden final Sweden 2nd place Daniel Stephan was chosen as the back center in the All-Star-Team.
2004 SloveniaSlovenia Slovenia final Slovenia European champion Henning Fritz as the goalkeeper and Volker Zerbe as the back space on the right were elected to the All-Star-Team.
2006 SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland Play for 5th place Russia 5th place
2008 NorwayNorway Norway 3rd place match France 4th Place Florian Kehrmann was chosen as the right winger in the All-Star team.
2010 AustriaAustria Austria Main round - 10th place
2012 SerbiaSerbia Serbia Main round - 7th place Christian Sprenger was selected as the right winger in the All-Star team.
2014 DenmarkDenmark Denmark not qualified For the first time, the German team could not qualify for a European championship.
2016 PolandPoland Poland final Spain European champion Andreas Wolff as goalkeeper and Tobias Reichmann as right winger were elected to the All-Star-Team.
2018 CroatiaCroatia Croatia Main round - 9th place
2020 NorwayNorway Norway Austria Sweden
AustriaAustria 
SwedenSweden 
Play for 5th place Portugal 5th place Hendrik Pekeler was voted best defensive player.
2024 GermanyGermany Germany qualified For the first time, Germany is hosting a European Championship.

Baltic Cup

  • Ostseepokal 1968: DHB not partially, DHV 4.
  • Ostseepokal 1969: DHB not partially, DHV winner
  • Ostseepokal 1970: DHB not partially, DHV A winner , DHV B 5th place
  • Ostseepokal 1971: DHB 3rd place, DHV winner
  • Ostseepokal 1972: DHB 2nd place, DHV 3rd place
  • Ostseepokal 1973: DHB 3rd place, DHV A 3rd place, DHV B 6th place
  • Baltic Sea Cup 1974: DHB 4th place, DHV winner
  • Ostseepokal 1976: DHB 5th place, DHV 2nd place
  • Ostseepokal 1977: DHB 4th place, DHV A winner , DHV B 7th place
  • Ostseepokal 1979: DHB 2nd place, DHV winner
  • Ostseepokal 1980: DHB A 3rd place, DHB B 4th place, DHV 2nd place
  • Ostseepokal 1981: DHB 4th place, DHV winner
  • Ostseepokal 1985: DHB partial, DHV 3rd place
  • Ostseepokal 1986: DHB not partially, DHV winner
  • Ostseepokal 1987: DHB 3rd place, DHV 2nd place
  • Ostseepokal 1989: DHB A 2nd place, DHB B 5th place, DHV 3rd place

World cup

  • World Cup 1971: DHB partial, DHV 6th place
  • World Cup 1974: DHB not part, DHV 3rd place
  • World Cup 1979: DHB 6th place, DHV 3rd place
  • World Cup 1984: DHB 8th place, DHV 6th place
  • World Cup 1988: DHB 2nd place, DHV winner
  • World Cup 1992: n. Part.
  • World Cup 1996: 5th place
  • World Cup 1999: Winner
  • World Cup 2002: 3rd place
  • World Cup 2006: 3rd place
  • World Cup 2008: 5th place
  • World Cup 2010: not part.

Supercup

  • Supercup 1979: DHB winner , DHV not partially
  • Supercup 1981: DHB 2nd place, DHV not partially
  • Supercup 1983: DHB 8th place (last), DHV 7th place
  • Supercup 1985: DHB 3rd place, DHV 2nd place
  • Supercup 1987: DHB winner , DHV 3rd place
  • Supercup 1989: DHB A 6th place, DHB B 8th place (last), DHV 2nd place
  • Supercup 1991: 4th place
  • Supercup 1993: 2nd place
  • Supercup 1995: 2nd place
  • Supercup 1998: winner
  • Supercup 1999: 5th place
  • Supercup 2001: Winner
  • Supercup 2003: 2nd place
  • Supercup 2005: 6th place (last)
  • Supercup 2007: 3rd place
  • Supercup 2009: Winner
  • Supercup 2011: 4th place (last)
  • Supercup 2013: Winner
  • Supercup 2015: Winner

Current

International matches

The games of the last twelve months are listed with the results from a German perspective as well as planned international matches.

date Result opponent venue occasion Remarks
09 Mar 2019 27:29 (10: 9) SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland H Dusseldorf The debut of Kastening , Golla , Heymann a . Rudeck
10 Apr 2019 26:18 (13:10) PolandPoland Poland A. Gliwice EM 2020 qualification
13 Apr 2019 29:24 (16:16) PolandPoland Poland H Halle (Westphalia) EM 2020 qualification
June 12, 2019 40:25 (19:14) IsraelIsrael Israel A. Tel Aviv-Jaffa EM 2020 qualification Debut of Klimpke u. Büdel
June 16, 2019 28:17 (16: 5) KosovoKosovo Kosovo H Nuremberg EM 2020 qualification
23 Oct 2019 26:25 (13:12) CroatiaCroatia Croatia A. Zagreb ( CRO )
Oct. 26, 2019 24:23 (11:13) CroatiaCroatia Croatia H Hanover Stutzke's debut
0Jan. 4, 2020 33:25 (16:13) IcelandIceland Iceland H Mannheim Debut of Schmidt a . Zieker
0Jan. 6, 2020 32:28 (15:14) AustriaAustria Austria A. Vienna ( AUT )
0Jan. 9, 2020 34:23 (15:13) NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands * Trondheim ( NOR ) EM 2020 preliminary round
Jan. 11, 2020 26:33 (11:14) SpainSpain Spain * Trondheim ( NOR ) EM 2020 preliminary round
Jan. 13, 2020 28:27 (16:11) LatviaLatvia Latvia * Trondheim ( NOR ) EM 2020 preliminary round
Jan. 16, 2020 31:23 (18:11) BelarusBelarus Belarus * Vienna ( AUT ) EM 2020 main round
Jan. 18, 2020 24:25 (14:11) CroatiaCroatia Croatia * Vienna ( AUT ) EM 2020 main round
Jan. 20, 2020 34:22 (16:13) AustriaAustria Austria A. Vienna ( AUT ) EM 2020 main round
Jan. 22, 2020 26:22 (13:10) Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic * Vienna ( AUT ) EM 2020 main round
Jan 25, 2020 29:27 (14:13) PortugalPortugal Portugal * Stockholm ( SWE ) Euro 2020 game for 5th place
-: - (- :-) NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands H Magdeburg
-: - (- :-) SwedenSweden Sweden H Berlin Olympic qualification
-: - (- :-) SloveniaSlovenia Slovenia H Berlin Olympic qualification
-: - (- :-) AlgeriaAlgeria Algeria H Berlin Olympic qualification

Squad

Squad for the EM 2020 (as of the international matches: January 16, 2020)

No. Surname birthday position logo society LS Gates T / S
33 Andreas Wolff March 3, 1991 TW PolandPoland PGE Vive Kielce 096 011 0.1
01 Johannes Bitter 2nd September 1982 TW TBV Stuttgart TBV Stuttgart 150 001 0
03 Uwe Gensheimer (C)Captain of the crew October 26, 1986 LA Rhine-Neckar lion 180 857 4.8
04th Johannes Golla November 5, 1997 KR SG Flensburg-Handewitt SG Flensburg-Handewitt 007th 016 2.3
07th Patrick Wiencek March 22, 1989 KR THW Kiel THW Kiel 142 295 2.1
09 Tobias Reichmann May 27, 1988 RA MT Melsungen MT Melsungen 087 275 3.2
13 Hendrik Pekeler 2nd July 1991 KR THW Kiel THW Kiel 106 177 1.7
20th Philipp Weber 15th September 1992 RM SC DHfK Leipzig SC DHfK Leipzig 027 071 2.6
22nd Marian Michalczik February 1, 1997 RL GWD Minden GWD Minden 018th 019th 1.1
25th Kai Häfner July 10, 1989 RR MT Melsungen MT Melsungen 086 184 2.1
35 Julius Kühn April 1, 1993 RL MT Melsungen MT Melsungen 058 183 3.2
38 Fabian Boehm June 24, 1989 RL TSV Hannover-Burgdorf TSV Hannover-Burgdorf 036 079 2.2
48 Jannik Kohlbacher July 19, 1995 KR Rhine-Neckar lion 070 144 2.1
73 Timo Kastening June 25, 1995 RA TSV Hannover-Burgdorf TSV Hannover-Burgdorf 010 031 3.1
77 David Schmidt October 19, 1993 RR TBV Stuttgart TBV Stuttgart 005 005 1
93 Patrick Zieker December 13, 1993 LA TBV Stuttgart TBV Stuttgart 009 0015th 1.7
95 Paul Drux February 7, 1995 RL Foxes Berlin 087 168 1.9
in the 28-man squad
12 Silvio Heinevetter October 21, 1984 TW Foxes Berlin 192 003 0
44 Dario Quenstedt September 22, 1989 TW THW Kiel THW Kiel 015th 001 0.1
06th Finn Lemke April 30, 1992 RL MT Melsungen MT Melsungen 078 027 0.3
10 Fabian Wiede * February 8, 1994 RR Foxes Berlin 079 150 1.9
17th Steffen Weinhold * July 19, 1986 RR THW Kiel THW Kiel 125 298 2.4
18th Tim Kneule August 18, 1986 RM Fresh on Göppingen Fresh on Göppingen 030th 044 1.5
24 Patrick Groetzki 4th July 1989 RA Rhine-Neckar lion 145 368 2.5
26th Maximilian Janke February 28, 1993 RL SC DHfK Leipzig SC DHfK Leipzig 007th 001 0.1
32 Franz Semper * 5th July 1997 RR SC DHfK Leipzig SC DHfK Leipzig 013 028 2.2
52 Marcel Schiller August 15, 1991 LA Fresh on Göppingen Fresh on Göppingen 007th 024 3.4
Luca Witzke April 3, 1999 RM SC DHfK Leipzig SC DHfK Leipzig 000 000
* Cancellation for EM

Record player

Record goal scorers

The German Handball Federation lists several national handball players from the GDR in its statistics, so these statistics may differ.

rank Surname Gates Games Goals / game First game Last game Title won
01 Christian Schwarzer 965 318 3.0 Nov 21, 1989 Aug 18, 2008 World Champion 2007, European Champion 2004, MVP WM 2003
02 Uwe Gensheimer 864 184 4.7 Nov 25, 2005 still active
03 Florian Kehrmann 822 223 3.7 0Apr 6, 1997 Aug 18, 2008 World Champion 2007, European Champion 2004
04th Stefan Kretzschmar 817 218 3.7 0Oct 8, 1993 Oct 19, 2004
05 Jochen Fraatz 809 185 4.4 June 29, 1983 unknown
06th Volker Zerbe 777 284 2.7 May 30, 1987 Oct 19, 2004 European champion 2004
07th Markus Baur 712 228 3.1 0Aug 4, 1994 Jan. 27, 2008 World Champion 2007, European Champion 2004
08th Herbert Lübking 650 A 139 4.7 Jan. 20, 1962 unknown World Champion 1966
09 Martin Schwalb 594 193 3.1 June 29, 1983 0June 7, 1998
10 Daniel Stephan 590 183 3.2 May 14, 1994 Nov 17, 2004 European Champion 2004, MVP EM 1998
11 Holger Glandorf 583 170 3.4 0Jan. 4, 2003 Jan. 22, 2016 World Champion 2007
A. including 118 goals in 21 field handball games

Most missions

The German Handball Federation lists several national handball players from the GDR in its statistics, so these statistics may differ.

rank Surname Games Gates Goals / game First game Last game Title won
01 Klaus-Dieter Petersen 340 253 0.7 Nov 21, 1989 Oct 19, 2004 European champion 2004
02 Christian Schwarzer 318 965 3.0 Nov 21, 1989 Aug 18, 2008 World Champion 2007, European Champion 2004, MVP WM 2003
03 Volker Zerbe 284 777 2.7 May 30, 1987 Oct 19, 2004 European champion 2004
04th Andreas Thiel 257 0 0.0 Oct. 24, 1980 0Aug 3, 1996
05 Henning Fritz 235 0 0.0 0Nov 4, 1994 Aug 18, 2008 World Champion 2007, European Champion 2004
06th Jan Holpert 228 0 0.0 0Apr 1, 1990 Nov 26, 2002
Markus Baur 228 712 3.1 0Aug 4, 1994 Jan. 27, 2008 World Champion 2007, European Champion 2004
08th Florian Kehrmann 223 822 3.7 0Apr 6, 1997 Aug 18, 2008 World Champion 2007, European Champion 2004
09 Carsten Lichtlein 220 1 0.0 Nov 27, 2001 still active World Champion 2007, European Champion 2004 and 2016
010 Stefan Kretzschmar 218 817 3.7 0Oct 8, 1993 Oct 19, 2004
011 Oliver Roggisch 204 48 0.2 15th Mar 2002 03rd June 2014 World Champion 2007
012 Pascal Hens 199 565 2.8 13 Mar 2001 Jan 25, 2012 World Champion 2007, European Champion 2004

National coach

See also: National coach (German Handball Federation)

Jerseys, suppliers and sponsors

Home shirt
Kit Germany Handball2008 Home.png
Away shirt
Kit Germany Handball2008 Away.png

By 1980 Adidas took over the equipment of the handball national team of the Federal Republic of Germany. Then there were various other suppliers such as Puma , Hummel and Nike . From 2004 to 2008 there was an equipment contract with Kempa . For the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , Adidas took over the equipment of all national teams again until the beginning of 2013. Since summer 2013, the current supplier of the DHB has been called Kempa again . Since June 2015, the national teams have also been equipped with Rehband .

In contrast to national soccer teams, national handball teams have their own shirt sponsors. The main sponsor of the German team was the company KiK Textildiscount for four weeks during the World Cup in January 2009 . No main sponsor could be found in the following months. It was only from January 2010 to the end of 2012 that the energy supplier Goldgas was able to be won as the main sponsor. From January 2013 to June 2014 getgoods.de was the main sponsor on the jerseys. AOK has been the official main sponsor since June 2014 . Toyota , the former name sponsor of the Handball Bundesliga , also advertises on the sleeves .

From the QS Supercup in November 2007, the Hamburg-Mannheimer , later under the new name ERGO Group , was represented on the back of the jersey - below the shirt number . Another sponsor is the Deutsche Kreditbank (DKB) auf den Hosen.

Nickname

During the European Championship 2016 , the team was referred to as Bad Boys in the media and messages on social media were tagged with the hashtag #badboys . The name is based on a comparison to the tough, but not unfair style of play, the Detroit Pistons , desired by coach Dagur Sigurðsson .

See also

Web links

Commons : German men's national handball team  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b appearances of the male national players. DHB, accessed on June 24, 2015 .
  2. Deutscher Handballbund and adidas sign equipment contract. handball-world.com, April 1, 2008, accessed June 24, 2015 .
  3. Rehband becomes DHB supplier. DHB, June 19, 2015, accessed June 24, 2015 .
  4. German Handball Federation is looking for a new main sponsor . In: Sponsors . Edition January 2013, p. 9 .
  5. Million deal with AOK: DHB presents new main sponsor. Die Zeit, June 3, 2014, accessed on June 24, 2015 .
  6. ↑ Defense chief with two pages. Schwäbisches Tagblatt, January 22, 2016, accessed on January 31, 2016 .