Women's football in the GDR

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Coat of arms DFV
German women's soccer champions since 1974
Bernd Schröder, most successful coach in women's football in the GDR

In the GDR has been since the end of 1950 years women's football played. The football association integrated the women's teams from 1968, but initially only held regional competitions (district level). Official competitions at GDR level had existed since the late 1970s .

history

The first publications about women's soccer games in the GDR were in 1959 and 1960. A game in Dresden has been handed down from this time in which teams from Dresden and Leipzig faced each other. For the years thereafter, however, there are hardly any reports from contemporary witnesses, mainly because women's football was played as a recreational sport outside of the punk games in the German Football Association of the GDR (DFV).

The anchoring of the women's soccer team in the organizational structure of the DFV began in 1968. The Bulgarian student Wladimir Zwetkov, who studied at the Technical University , wanted his idea to officially let women play soccer at the BSG Empor Dresden-Mitte (today Dresdner SC ). implement. With this he encountered resistance in the functionaries of the party and sports associations, but received the green light after a long telephone conversation with the first party secretary of the Dresden district and a visit to the management of the BSG Empor Dresden-Mitte. He placed an advertisement in the Saxon New News , whereupon many women signed up for training.

The Bulgarian also received unexpected help from Heinz Florian Oertel . During a visit to the GDR upper division club Union Berlin , he was able to persuade the well-known sports reporter to announce the first women's soccer game from Empor Dresden-Mitte over stadium speakers during the half-time break of the men's game.

On August 4, 1969, this game against Empor Possendorf took place in front of 1,600 spectators, Dresden-Mitte won 2-0. A little later, Zwetkov was also involved in the establishment of the company sports associations ZfK Rossendorf and the establishment of Dresden-Ost . In an interview in 2005, Zwetkov said about his training methods at the time: “Tactics, technique and gymnastics ... The exercises that Klinsmann now does with the Americans for the national team, I did them with the women back then, for example. B. these exercises with ropes that are tied around the legs. "

Since women's football was not an Olympic sport and therefore no national reputation was in prospect, it was not promoted as a competitive sport . The officials responsible pushed women's football off to leisure and recreational sports. For a long time there was no interest in organized gaming, for example at the district level or even nationwide. Nevertheless, the women's soccer pioneers in Dresden managed, at least at the city level, to set up a league with eight teams from 1970. Women’s soccer teams were also founded elsewhere in the GDR. The BSG Chemie Leipzig was founded in Leipzig on November 5, 1968 . In 1969 the BSG Motor Mitte Karl-Marx-Stadt was established , and in 1970 the BSG Motor Halle .

Women's football teams also emerged in the GDR districts of Karl-Marx-Stadt, Neubrandenburg and Rostock during this time . B. with BSG Post Rostock , Tractor Spornitz and BSG Hydraulik Parchim . In many cases, however, those responsible met with incomprehension or rejection. For example, Jupp Pilz from BSG Post Rostock received 26 rejections from company sports clubs when preparing to set up a women's soccer department. By the end of 1971, a total of 150 teams played women's football in the GDR.

Starting in 1974, a game operation with six women's football teams was established in Neubrandenburg. Participants were the company sports associations of Motor Teterow , Ascobloc Neubrandenburg , Traktor Rosenow , Einheit Strasburg , Vorwärts Viereck and Traktor Neukölln .

The game rules of the DFV of the GDR from 1971 stipulated that the playing time is 2 times 30 minutes, the girls are at least 16 years old and a "female referee capable of action" is provided. In a resolution, the DFV also stipulated: "The competition operation may not extend beyond the district area."

This prevented GDR championships for a long time. "We consider the introduction of a women's football league (...) to be hasty", as the deputy general secretary of the DFV Hans Müller said in 1971.

From 1979 a “championship” was played out for the first time in the form of a determination of the best . In 1979 the VI. Association day of the GDR football association DFV a national game operation. The officials decided: "In order to further stimulate and promote women's football, district best investigations are to be carried out and, starting in 1979, tournaments for these district best are to be organized for the first time until the GDR's best women's football team is determined." As a result, a women's football working group was created in the Leisure and Recreational Sports Commission that was entrusted with the organization of the competition.

The determination of the best on October 6, 1979 in Templin can be described as the first major event in GDR women's football. 3,100 spectators attended the games in the Templin Stadium of Friendship , of which 2,000 had purchased their tickets in advance. In addition, the Deputy Secretary General of the DFV, Hans Müller, was personally present to watch the games and to hold the award ceremony. The four finalists also represented around 300 women's soccer teams from the GDR DFV .

In 1981, a total of 360 women's football teams were founded in the GDR. The best teams of the time came from Dresden , Karl-Marx-Stadt , Rostock and Potsdam .

In 1987, a cup competition was added with the “Cup of the Democratic Women's Association ”. The DFV did not allow a real championship based on the model of the GDR men 's upper league until the year of reunification in 1990. The BSG Post Rostock became the first and only official GDR champion in 1990, with the teams that set the tone in the years of determining the best were among the best, as the Rostock example proves. In addition, the winner of the determination of the best was sometimes referred to as the GDR champion, even in daily newspapers.

There has also been a national team since 1989, but they only played once on May 9, 1990 and lost 3-0 to ČSFR in Potsdam .

championship

Poster for the determination of the best 1979

Since women's football was not an Olympic sport at that time , the championship, as stated, was decided from 1979 onwards through a determination of the best . Four teams qualified for this in the first year, and later five teams. The best teams were determined through elimination tournaments in the respective GDR districts.

From 1985 the champions of the 15 GDR districts qualified. There was a concentration of performance in 1987 when a two-tier league (north and south) was introduced. The season winners determined the GDR champions in the final. In the 1990/91 season, the single-track Oberliga Nordost was finally set up. The champions were the Uni SV Jena , which qualified for the Bundesliga together with FC Wismut Aue . The remaining teams together with some West Berlin clubs formed the new Regionalliga Nordost, which was henceforth the second highest division.

The record champions were the BSG Turbine Potsdam, which today, under the name 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam, is one of the strongest women's football clubs in Germany.

Well-known players from the beginning of the best determination in 1979 or the GDR championship were Ines Stephan (Aufbau Dresden-Ost), Sabine Seidel and Sybille Brüdgam (Turbine Potsdam), Doreen Meier (Uni SV Jena) or Katrin Prühs (BSG Post Rostock)

Best determination

year master Second Third venue
1979 BSG Motor Mitte Karl-Marx-Stadt BSG construction Dresden-East BSG Post Rostock Templin
1980 BSG Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt Construction of Dresden-East BSG Chemie Wolfen Blankenburg (Harz)
1981 BSG Turbine Potsdam BSG Chemie Wolfen BSG Chemie Leipzig Babelsberg
1982 BSG Turbine Potsdam BSG Chemie PCK Schwedt BSG Chemie Leipzig Lauchhammer
1983 BSG Turbine Potsdam BSG Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt Chemistry PCK Schwedt Schwedt
1984 BSG Motor Hall BSG Turbine Potsdam Rotation Schlema Colditz and Grimma

Finals

season winner finalist Result Venues
1985 BSG Turbine Potsdam BSG Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt 2-0 Markkleeberg
1986 BSG Turbine Potsdam BSG Motor Hall 4: 1 Dresden
1987 BSG Rotation Schlema BSG Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt 4: 1 Kamenz
1988 BSG Rotation Schlema BSG Turbine Potsdam 3: 0
1: 3		 Aue
Babelsberg
1989 BSG Turbine Potsdam BSG Rotation Schlema 3: 1 (1: 1)
2: 3		 Babelsberg
Aue
1990 BSG Post Rostock BSG Wismut Chemnitz 6: 1
4: 2		 Chemnitz
Rostock

Oberliga Nordost 1990/91

Legend
Qualification for the Bundesliga
Start in Regionalliga Nordost
Pl society Sp S. U N Gates Diff. Points
1 Uni SV Jena 18th       49: 5 +44 31: 5
2 FC Wismut Aue 18th       67:15 +52 29: 7
3 BSG Turbine Potsdam 18th       59:24 +35 28: 8
4th BSG Post Rostock (M / P) 18th       34:13 +31 26:10
5 Bismuth Chemnitz 18th       24:31 −7 15:21
6th BSG Motor Hall 18th       15:38 −23 14:22
7th SV Johannstadt 90 18th       20:34 −14 13:23
8th 1. FC Union Berlin 18th       14:43 −29 12:24
9 Progress in Erfurt 18th       13:53 −42 6:30
10 Handicraft Magdeburg 18th       14:63 −49 6:30

Master trainer

  • 1979: Rolf Mothes (Motor Mitte Karl-Marx-Stadt)
  • 1980: Siegfried Loose (BSG Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt)
  • 1981: Bernd Schröder (BSG Turbine Potsdam)
  • 1982: Bernd Schröder
  • 1983: Bernd Schröder
  • 1984: Jürgen Ulber (BSG Motor Halle)
  • 1985: Bernd Schröder
  • 1986: Bernd Schröder
  • 1987: Dietmar Männel (BSG Rotation Schlema)
  • 1988: Dietmar Männel
  • 1989: Bernd Schröder
  • 1990: Manfred Draheim (BSG Post Rostock)
  • 1991: Hugo Weschenfelder (Uni SV Jena)

Cup

Since 1987 the cup of the Democratic Women's Federation has been played. The donor of the cup was the Democratic Women's Federation of Germany - for men it was the FDGB . Not much is known about this competition. In the first few years only the winners are known. The mode and the results of the individual rounds could not yet be determined.

Finals

season winner finalist Result Venue
1987 Rotation Schlema Bismuth Karl-Marx-Stadt 4: 1 Kamenz
1988 Bismuth Karl-Marx-Stadt unknown unknown SG Handicraft Magdeburg
1989 Rotation Schlema HSG Uni Jena 1-0 Berlin
1990 BSG Post Rostock Bismuth Chemnitz 0:. N 0 V.
5: 3 i. E.		 Senftenberg
1991 Bismuth floodplain SSV Turbine Potsdam 2-0 Hettstedt

National team

In the summer of 1989, the time had "matured for the GDR DFV to give women's football a further recognition." The two coaches Bernd Schröder from Turbine Potsdam and Dietmar Männel from Rotation Schlema were commissioned, 26 players from the most powerful company sports clubs in Potsdam, Schlema , Karl-Marx-Stadt, Rostock and Jena to a viewing course for a GDR national team. The ex-GDR national player Doreen Meier suspects that the enthusiasm that the European Women's Championship in 1989 in the FRG and the German women's title win in the GDR had triggered was also decisive here.

On 21/22 In October 1989 the players met for the first national team course in the DFV sports school in Leipzig. At the beginning of 1990 further courses took place in Leipzig so that it could be screened out. In the course of preparation, the team also competed against two teams, an East and a West Berlin selection.

The GDR national soccer team for women only played one game. On May 9, 1990, they competed in the Karl-Liebknecht-Stadion in Potsdam-Babelsberg against the selection of the ČSFR in front of about 800 spectators and lost 3-0. The Czechoslovakians had already played a total of 183 international matches and shortly before had only just lost to the German selection. In contrast to the male national players of the DFV, the players are not taken into account in the statistics of the DFB and even after the reunification no player was appointed to the DFB selection.

The GDR team (with substitutes) on May 9, 1990 in Potsdam: Sybille Brüdgam , Heike Hoffmann , Sabine Berger (all Turbine Potsdam), Annett Viertel (goalkeeper), Kathrin Hecker , Heike Ulmer (all Rotation Schlema), Sybille Lange , Katrin Prühs , Katrin Baaske (all Post Rostock), Carmen Weiß , Dana Krumbiegel (both Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt), Petra Weschenfelder , Heidi Vater , Doreen Meier (all Uni Jena), Kathrin Nicklas (KWO Berlin), Petra Jachtner ( Numerik Karl-Marx-Stadt) and Maika Alex (handicraft Magdeburg) .

The preparation:

Annett quarter (gate)
Kathrin Hecker
Petra Weschenfelder (from 70th Heidi father) , Heike Hoffmann , Sybille Lange
Carmen Weiß (from 46. Heike Ulmer) , Katrin Prühs , Sybille Brüdgam (C)Captain of the crew
Katrin Baaske (from 60. Sabine Berger) , Dana Krumbiegel , Doreen Meier

New federal states today

In contrast to men's football, a top international team was able to establish itself in women's football with the 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam . After years of development, Turbine was able to win several championships and cup victories as well as international competitions after the fall of the Wall. Through intensive youth work, the club provides a large part of the junior national teams. Many players made it into the first team.

Besides Potsdam, only FF USV Jena has been able to establish itself in the Bundesliga for a longer period of time. After being relegated as reigning NOFV champions in the first all-German season in 1991/92, they returned to the top German division in 2008 after 16 years. You belonged to this without interruption until relegation in 2018 and again from the 2019/2020 season. The USV achieved its greatest success so far in 2010 when it made it to the final of the DFB Cup .

Three other clubs from the new federal states have only been able to stay in the Bundesliga for one year: FC Wismut Aue (1991/92), SV Rostock police (1995/96) and Lokomotive Leipzig (2011/12). In the 2019/20 season , Turbine Potsdam II is the only club from East Germany to play in the 2nd Bundesliga after Blau-Weiß Hohen Neuendorf and FF USV Jena II did not play for the new single-track 2nd division at the end of the 2017/18 season . Women's Bundesliga 2018/19 were able to qualify.

literature

  • Everything about football (the universal handbook on football; numbers, data and tables; all national leagues, Champions League, world championships, European championships, etc.) / (project management: Martin-Andreas Schulz), Gütersloh 2008.
  • Ronny Galczynski: Women's football from A - Z. The lexicon for German women's football. Players, clubs and records. Lots of background stories. Hanover 2010, ISBN 978-3-86910-813-1 .
  • Rainer Hennies, Daniel Meuren: Women's football - the long way to recognition. Göttingen 2009, ISBN 978-3-89533-639-3 .
  • Markwart Herzog (Hrsg.): Women's football in Germany: beginnings - prohibitions - resistance - breakthrough. Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-17-023013-2 .
  • Eduard Hoffmann, Jürgen Nendza : Laughed, Forbidden and Celebrated - On the history of women's football in Germany. 2nd edition, Weilerswist 2006, ISBN 3-935221-52-5 .
  • Carina Sophia Linne: Played free - women's football in divided Germany. Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-937233-89-5 .
  • Hannelore Ratzeburg, Horst Biese: Women's Football Championships (With a contribution to women's football in the GDR by Doreen Meier). Kassel 1995, ISBN 3-928562-87-8 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Publication in the New Football Week of July 28, 1959
  2. ^ Publication in the New Football Week on February 2, 1960
  3. ^ Rainer Hennies / Daniel Meuren: Women's football - The long way to recognition , Göttingen 2009, p. 166.
  4. ↑ Hoffmann / Nendza: Frauenfußball, p. 62.
  5. ↑ Ratzeburg / Biese: Women Football, p. 30.
  6. ^ A b c Ronny Galczynski: Women's football from A - Z. The lexicon for German women's football. Players, clubs and records. Many background stories, Hannover 2010, p. 65.
  7. ↑ Hoffmann / Nendza: Frauenfußball, p. 64.
  8. ^ North German Latest News (Rostock), October 8, 1979, sports section.
  9. ↑ a b Hoffmann / Nendza: Frauenfußball, p. 66.
  10. ^ Ronny Galczynski: Women's football from A - Z. The lexicon for German women's football. Players, clubs and records. Many background stories, Hannover 2010, p. 66.
  11. ^ Rainer Hennies / Daniel Meuren: Frauenfussball - The long way to recognition, Göttingen 2009, p. 379.
  12. ^ Ratzeburg / Biese: women soccer, p. 38f.
  13. ↑ Ratzeburg / Biese: Women Football, p. 41.
  14. ↑ Everything about football (the universal handbook on football; figures, data and tables; all national leagues, Champions League, world championships, European championships, etc.) / (project management: Martin-Andreas Schulz), Gütersloh 2008, p. 211.