Leo Jogiches

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Leo Jogiches (1890)
Leo Jogiches (1918)

Leo Jogiches , also Tyszka , (born July 17, 1867 in Vilnius , Russian Empire , today Lithuania , † March 10, 1919 in Berlin ) was a Russian socialist politician and co-founder of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).

Life

Jogiches came from a wealthy Jewish merchant family. At a young age he was involved in social revolutionary circles in Vilna. In 1888 he was imprisoned. After his release from prison he was supposed to do military service as a Russian subject in Turkestan and therefore fled to Switzerland in early 1890, where he studied at the University of Zurich and applied for Swiss citizenship . Jogiches sought contact with the Marxist Georgi Plekhanov, who was also living in exile . However, two years later he fell out with him, which led to a party trial. The followers of Plekhanov sharply attacked Jogiches, and Friedrich Engels also made negative comments about him in a letter.

In Zurich in 1890 he met the then nineteen-year-old Polish student Rosa Luxemburg . He was Rosa Luxemburg's partner for a time and a member of the Social Democrats of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL).

During the First World War , Jogiches lived underground in Berlin. In the November Revolution of 1918 he was, along with Franz Mehring , Karl Liebknecht , Rosa Luxemburg and others, co-founders of the Spartakusbund and the KPD that emerged from it along with other communist groups on January 1, 1919.

After the murder of the charismatic leading figures of the KPD, Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, on January 15, 1919 by right-wing extremist Freikorpsmen Jogiches was given the party leadership of the KPD. Jogiches found the names of the killers and uncovered the details of the murder. At the beginning of March 1919 he was arrested in his apartment in Berlin-Neukölln and murdered by a shot in the back of the head on March 10, 1919 in the remand prison in Berlin-Moabit .

Like the leading theorist of the KPD, Rosa Luxemburg, Leo Jogiches had opposed the leadership role of the Communist Party of Russia ( Bolsheviks ) within the Comintern. Jogiches' successor in the KPD party chairmanship, Paul Levi , was also forced to resign in February 1921 because of his critical attitude towards the Comintern leadership. A few years later the KPD became increasingly dependent on Moscow.

Karl Retzlaw , who knew him well, wrote in his biography: “Jogiches was a personality who made an indelible impression on everyone who knew him. He was a type that the German labor movement never produced. He was fifty-two, well-to-do, and his life as a private scholar would have been full. His temper made him fight against social injustice, militarism and war. Jogiches wasn't a native German. "

Movie

Honor

NVA troop unit Leo Jogiches - memorial glass
  • The NVA Panzer Regiment 16 in Grossenhain , part of the 7th Panzer Division , was named after Leo Jogiches.
  • The company vocational school (BBS) of the VEB data processing center in Berlin, vocational training institution was named after Leo Jogiches.

literature

(in order of appearance)

  • Clara Zetkin : Revolutionary struggles and revolutionary fighters 1919. Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht, Leo Jogiches, Eugen Leviné , Franz Mehring and all the loyal, bold revolutionary fighters of 1919 in memory . Publishing house of the Communist International, Petrograd 1920
  • Karl Radek : Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht, Leo Jogiches. Publishing house of the Communist International among others, Hamburg among others 1921.
  • Karl Kautsky : Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht, Leo Jogiches. Their significance for the German social democracy. A sketch . Freedom, Berlin 1921
  • W. Oehme , G. Engel : Jogiches, Leo (pseudonyms: Tyszka, Grosowski, A. Krumbügel, W. Kraft ). In: Biographical Lexicon on German History. From the beginning until 1917 . Edited by Karl Obermann u. a .: Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1967, pp. 231–232.
  • Rosa Luxemburg: Listy do Leona Jogichesa-Tyszki. Listy zebrał słowem wstępnym i przypisami (Letters to Leon Jogiches-Tyszka. Edited, introduced and commented on by Feliks Tych). Książka i Wiedza, Warszawa 1968–1971
    • Vol. 1: 1893-1899 (1968)
    • Vol. 2: 1900-1905 (1968)
    • Vol. 3: 1908-1914 (1971)
  • Horst Schumacher: Jogiches, Leo . In: History of the German labor movement. Biographical Lexicon . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 231-233.
  • Rosa Luxemburg: Letters to Leo Jogiches. With an introduction by Feliks Tych . Book guild Gutenberg, Frankfurt am Main 1971, ISBN 3-7632-1497-6
  • Ulrich Cartarius : On the influence of the political labor movement on the development of the “radical left” in Germany during the First World War. Leo Jogiches-Tyszka versus Lenin. In: Journal for East Research. Vol. 29, 1980, issue 2/3, pp. 193-223.
  • Feliks Tych: Leo Jogiche's criticism of the Bolshevik Party . In: International scientific correspondence on the history of the German labor movement . Issue 3/1991
  • Frederik Hetmann : Leo Jogiches and Rosa Luxemburg. Comments on a Difficult Love. In: Kristine von Soden (Ed.): Rosa Luxemburg (= Elefanten-Press 570 BilderLeseBuch ). Updated new edition. Elefanten-Press, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-88520-570-X , pp. 44-55.
  • Maria Seidemann : Rosa Luxemburg and Leo Jogiches. Love in the times of revolution. Rowohlt, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-87134-295-5 .
  • Jogiches, Leo . In: Hermann Weber , Andreas Herbst : German Communists. Biographical Handbook 1918 to 1945 . 2nd, revised and greatly expanded edition. Karl Dietz, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-320-02130-6 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.deutscheundpolen.de/haben/person_jsp/key=leo_jogiches.html
  2. ^ Karl Retzlaw: Spartakus - Aufstieg und Niedergang, remembrance of a party worker, New Criticism publishing house, Frankfurt 1971, p. 115, ISBN 3-8015-0096-9
  3. ^ Karl Retzlaw: Spartakus - Aufstieg und Niedergang, remembrance of a party worker, New Criticism publishing house, Frankfurt 1971, p. 134, ISBN 3-8015-0096-9
  4. ↑ Volker Ulrich: The Revolution of 1918/19 , Verlag CH Beck 2009, p. 91
  5. ↑ See Hermann Weber : The change of German communism. The Stalinization of the KPD in the Weimar Republic , 2 volumes, European Publishing House, Frankfurt am Main 1969.
  6. ^ Karl Retzlaw: Spartakus - Aufstieg und Niedergang, remembrance of a party worker, New Criticism publishing house, Frankfurt 1971, p. 115, ISBN 3-8015-0096-9
personal data
SURNAME Jogiches, Leo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tyszka (pseudonym); Grozowski (pseudonym); A. Krumbügel (pseudonym); W. Kraft (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian politician
DATE OF BIRTH July 17, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Vilnius , today Lithuania
DATE OF DEATH March 10, 1919
Place of death Berlin