Hermann Remmele

Hermann Remmele (born November 15, 1880 in Ziegelhausen near Heidelberg, † March 7, 1939 in Moscow ) was a German communist politician (SPD, USPD, KPD). In exile in Moscow he was given the code name Hearts .

Life

Hermann Remmele was the son of a miller and brother of the future President of Baden , Adam Remmele (1877–1951). Remmele visited in Ludwigshafen am Rhein , the elementary school and graduated from there then trained as a lathe operator . After the years of traveling he worked in the profession he had learned until the outbreak of war in 1914. From 1897 Remmele was a member of the SPD and the German Metalworkers' Association . From 1901 to 1914 he was an honorary authorized representative or member of the board of the trade union in the Mannheim , Darmstadt and Offenbach am Main area . He was also a leader in the Association of Young Workers in Mannheim and completed a course at the central party school of the SPD in Berlin in 1907/08 . In addition, Remmele worked as an honorary author for a number of social democratic papers.

From 1914 Remmele soldier in the First World War . In 1917 he co-founded the USPD . During the November Revolution he was a member of the workers 'and soldiers' council in Mannheim. In February 1919 he was one of the initiators of the Soviet Republic in Mannheim. In the same year he became USPD District Secretary for Baden and the Palatinate . Then until 1920 he worked in the same position in Württemberg . In addition, he played a leading role in the left wing of the party, including at the imperial level.

Together with part of the party, Remmele converted to the KPD (then still VKPD) in 1920 . He was then from 1920 to 1933 a member of the Central Committee (ZK) of the KPD and in 1924 briefly its chairman. From 1923 to 1926 he was also editor of the party organ Die Rote Fahne . He was a member of the Reichstag (MdR) from 1920 to 1933. From 1930 he was chairman of the Kampfbund against fascism . Remmele was a member of the Executive Committee of the Comintern (EKKI) from 1926 . Of 16 members of the Polbüro, the highest KPD organ, in 1924, only Remmele and Ernst Thälmann (1886–1944) were in office in 1929 .

Remmele lived in Moscow from August 1932. After he and Heinz Neumann (1902–1937) were defeated in factional disputes within the KPD, he resigned in October 1932 from the secretariat of the KPD Central Committee. In November 1933 he was also expelled from the Central Committee of the KPD and the Politburo and forced to resign from his functions in the EKKI. On March 29, 1934, the Deutsche Reichsanzeiger published the second expatriation list of the German Reich through which he was expatriated .

Remmele was married and the marriage had two children. In 1937 he, his wife Anna (1888-1947) and his son Helmut Remmele (1910-1938), formerly a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth Association of Germany, were arrested as part of the Stalin purges . On March 7, 1939 Remmele was sentenced to death and shot on the same day in the Donskoi cemetery . A Soviet court rehabilitated him in 1988.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Short biography Remmele, Hermann (hearts) In: Institute for the history of the workers' movement (ed.): In the fangs of the NKVD: German victims of the Stalinist terror in the USSR . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-320-01632-6 , p. 183
2. ^ Hermann Weber: Communist Movement and Real Socialist State. Contributions to German and international communism, edited by Werner Müller. Bund-Verlag, Cologne 1988, pp. 166/168.
3. ↑ Michael Hepp (Ed.): The expatriation of German citizens 1933-45 according to the lists published in the Reichsanzeiger, Volume 1: Lists in chronological order . De Gruyter Saur, Munich / New York / London / Paris 1985, ISBN 978-3-11-095062-5 , pp. 4 (reprinted 2010).
4. ↑ Martin Schumacher (Ed.): MdR The Reichstag members of the Weimar Republic in the time of National Socialism. Political persecution, emigration and expatriation 1933–1945. Droste-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1991, ISBN 3-7700-5162-9 , pp. 458f.
5. ↑ Short biography Remmele, Anna In: Institute for the history of the labor movement (ed.): In the fangs of the NKVD: German victims of the Stalinist terror in the USSR . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-320-01632-6 , p. 183
6. ↑ Short biography Remmele, Helmut In: Institute for the history of the labor movement (ed.): In the Fangs of the NKVD: German victims of the Stalinist terror in the USSR . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-320-01632-6 , p. 183

literature

• Wilhelm Heinz Schröder : Social Democratic Parliamentarians in the German Reich and Landtag 1867-1933. Biographies, chronicles, election documentation. A handbook (= handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 7). Droste, Düsseldorf 1995, ISBN 3-7700-5192-0 , p. 673.
• Hermann Weber :  Remmele, Hermann. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 21, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-428-11202-4 , p. 419 ( digitized version ).
• Remmele, Hermann . In: Hermann Weber, Andreas Herbst : German Communists. Biographisches Handbuch 1918 to 1945. 2nd, revised and greatly expanded edition. Dietz, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-320-02130-6 .
• Inge Münz-Koenen: Remmele family. In: Wladislaw Hedeler, Inge Münz-Koenen (ed.): "I came to your country as a guest ..." German opponents of Hitler as victims of the Stalin terror. Family fates 1933–1956. Lukas Verlag, catalog for the exhibition, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-86732-177-8 , pp. 89-103.
• Andreas Petersen : The Muscovites. How the Stalin trauma shaped the GDR. S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt / M. 2019, ISBN 978-3-10-397435-5 . ( Reading sample: The Remmeles - a Soviet tragedy )
• Short biography Remmele, Hermann (hearts). In: Institute for the History of the Labor Movement (Ed.): In the Fangs of the NKVD: German Victims of Stalinist Terror in the USSR . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-320-01632-6 , p. 183.

Web links

• Literature by and about Hermann Remmele in the catalog of the German National Library
• Hermann Remmele in the database of members of the Reichstag
• Report on the arrest (PDF; 89 kB)