Gustav Cleemann

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Gustav Cleemann (born September 16, jul. / 28. September  1858 greg. In Riga , Governorate of Livonia , Russian Empire , † 30 May 1919 in Riga, Latvia SPR ), with full name Gustav Bernhard Christian Cleemann , Latvian Gustavs Bernhard Kristian Klēmanis , was a German-Baltic pastor . He is considered an evangelical confessor and is recorded on the Riga martyr's stone.

The dates in this article are based on the Julian calendar for the period up to 1918 unless otherwise noted.

Life

Youth and education

Many of Gustav Cleemann's ancestors since the 17th century were already clergymen. His father Gustav Cleemann was a notary at the Riga betting court.

Gustav Cleemann the Younger attended the Frommsche Elementary School and from 1869 to 1877 the Gouvernementsgymnasium in Riga, which he graduated with the Abitur. He then studied theology at the University of Dorpat from 1878 to 1885 . On September 15, 1882 he joined the Dorpat Theological Association. He was also a member of the "Fraternitas Dorpatensis", including as a senior. His theological knowledge was considered thorough. In 1885 he passed the exams before the consistory in Riga. In the same year he spent his probationary year with Pastor Grimm in Üxküll in Livonia.

He was born on Sunday, November 17th . / November 29, 1885 greg. , ordained as assistant preacher in Riga's St. Jakobikirche by General Superintendent Girgensohn. In the same ceremony, Ernst Fromhold-Treus was ordained .

At Cleemann, conscience was given the highest priority. He aligned it with the Bible. Initially, from 1885 to 1886, he was pastor's adjunct in Üxküll . On July 1, 1886, he married Olga Elisabeth Bernsdorff.

Pastor in Pinkenhof and St. Annen

From July 27, 1886 to 1906, Gustav Cleemann was pastor of the patrimonial parish in Pinkenhof and St. Annen near Riga. His inauguration was carried out by Superintendent Gähtgens, Consistorial Assessor Pastor Hartmann and Senior Pastor Poelchau. The patron was represented by councilor W. Lange.

On November 30, 1890, Gustav Cleemann joined the literary-practical citizen association together with Alfred Geist .

On February 10, 1893 he joined the Society for History and Archeology of the Baltic Provinces of Russia in Riga and on December 8, 1904 the Latvian-Literary Society , which also included Pastor Karl Schilling , who was murdered in 1905 , Provost Ludwig Zimmermann , who was murdered in 1906, and in 1919 of Bolsheviks executed clergy Hans Bielenstein , Alexander Bernewitz , Xaver Marnitz , Arnold von Rutkowski , Paul Fromhold-Treu , Christoph Strautmann , Karl Schlau , Eberhard Savary , Eugen Scheuermann and Wilhelm Gilbert , as well as the pastor Erwin Gross , who died in prison of the Bolsheviks, belonged or had heard . The society was dedicated to the study of the Latvian language, folklore and culture. It was mainly carried by German-Baltic pastors and intellectuals. For the Latvians themselves, a higher education was hardly accessible at the time of the imperial Russian rule, their culture led a shadowy existence.

Cleemann held services in German and Latvian, but he had great difficulties with the pronunciation of Latvian during his sermons, which was very stressful for him.

He held beach services during vacation time.

In December 1905, delegates from a new municipal administration announced his dismissal to Cleemann.

Pastor in Riga

From 1907 Gustav Cleemann was pastor of the German part of the Riga Jesus Congregation, which meant that his language difficulties with Latvian were no longer relevant to his joy, as he could now preach in his mother tongue. On January 1, 1907, he gave his presentation sermon in the Jesus Church, provisionally he took over the congregation immediately, even before his official inauguration, as his predecessor, Pastor Poelchau, had already moved to the Petrikirche and there should be no gap. He tried to build up his community, but it was not easy for him. It was in his nature to plan carefully before taking action. Before that, he had to overcome numerous inhibitions and reservations. But once he had decided to do something, he carried it out thoroughly, completely and conscientiously.

For a long time Cleemann was also a religion teacher at the city daughter school.

At the New Year he made regular donations to a good cause.

Several times he led a mission reading evening.

During the First World War , Cleemann continued his work unchanged.

On Tuesday, January 15, 1918, he gave a lecture on the religion of the patriarchs at the pastors' evening in the St. Petri church house.

Even during the Latvian War of Independence , Gustav Cleemann stayed with his community and did his job until he, arrested in April 1919, and his wife were held hostage in the citadel by the Bolsheviks for a long time. The pastor counted this time as the most beautiful time of his life, called it a source of rich blessings and said:

"I have never felt my God and Lord so close."

Gustav and Olga Cleemann were infected with typhus while in custody .

On May 22, 1919, Riga was captured by the Baltic State Army . Cleemann's sons, who were members of the Landeswehr, freed their parents and a sister from prison so that they could return. Gustav Cleemann died of his illness only eight days later.

On June 2, 1919, his wife also succumbed to typhus. On June 4th, both were buried together. The funeral service took place in the new churchyard chapel. The inscription on the tablet on his grave was characteristic of him and read: “Apostg. 24, 16. I practice having an unharmed conscience everywhere, both against God and men. ”(See Acts 24:16  LUT )

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ University of Dorpat. in the Rigaschen Zeitung , No. 36, February 13, 1886, online at Cleemann | issueType: P
  2. ↑ Jubilee in office. in the Rigaschen Zeitung , No. 264, November 16, 1910, online at Cleemann | issueType: P
  3. ↑ Domestic. in the Libauschen Zeitung , No. 272, November 20, 1885, online at Cleemann | issueType: P
  4. ↑ Local. in the Rigaschen Zeitung , No. 15, January 20, 1914, online at Cleemann | issueType: P
  5. ↑ In Pinkenhof. in the Rigaschen Zeitung , No. 169, July 28, 1886, online at Cleemann | issueType: P
  6. ↑ From the minutes of the general assemblies of the literary-practical citizens' association in the Rigas City Gazette , No. 51, December 20, 1890, online under Geist | issueType: P
  7. ↑ Local. in the Düna-Zeitung , No. 43, February 23, 1893, online at Cleemann | issueType: P
  8. ↑ Domestic. in the Düna-Zeitung , No. 280, December 9, 1904, online at Cleemann | issueType: P
  9. ↑ Locales. in the Düna-Zeitung , No. 151, July 8, 1894, online at Cleemann Pastor | issueType: P
  10. ↑ Locales. in the Düna-Zeitung , No. 157, July 15, 1894, online at Cleemann | issueType: P
  11. ↑ Locales. in the Düna-Zeitung , No. 180, August 12, 1894, online at Cleemann | issueType: P
  12. ↑ Locales. in the Düna-Zeitung , No. 168, July 28, 1895, online under Pastor Cleemann | issueType: P
  13. ↑ Locales. in the Rigaschen Rundschau , No. 169, July 29, 1895, online under Pastor Cleemann | issueType: P
  14. ↑ Locales. in the Düna-Zeitung , No. 149, July 5, 1896, online at Cleemann Pastor | issueType: P
  15. ↑ Locales. in the Düna-Zeitung , No. 160, July 18, 1897, online at Cleemann Pastor | issueType: P
  16. ↑ Locales. in the Düna-Zeitung , No. 179, August 13, 1899, online at Cleemann Pastor | issueType: P
  17. ↑ Locales. in the Rigaschen Rundschau , No. 140, June 23, 1895, online at Pastor Cleemann Pastor | issueType: P
  18. ^ Church services on the beach. in the Rigaschen Rundschau , No. 163, July 21, 1900, online at Cleemann Pastor | issueType: P
  19. ↑ beach services. in the Düna-Zeitung , No. 154, July 10, 1904, online at Cleemann Pastor | issueType: P
  20. ^ Pastor Cleemann in Pinkenhof in the Düna-Zeitung , No. 270, December 9, 1905, online at Cleemann | issueType: P
  21. ↑ In the Jesuskirche in the Rigaschen Rundschau , No. 4, January 5, 1907, online at Cleemann Pastor Cleemann | issueType: P
  22. ^ New Year 1908. in the Düna-Zeitung , No. 1, January 2, 1908, online under Pastor Cleemann | issueType: P
  23. ^ New Year 1908. in Rigaschen Zeitung , No. 302, December 31, 1907, online under Pastor Cleemann | issueType: P
  24. ^ New Year 1909. in the Rigaschen Zeitung , No. 303, December 31, 1908, online under Pastor Cleemann | issueType: P
  25. ^ New Year 1909. in the Düna-Zeitung , No. 303, December 31, 1908, online under Pastor Cleemann | issueType: P
  26. ↑ New Year 1910. in the Düna-Zeitung , No. 302, December 31, 1909, online under Pastor Cleemann Cleemann Cleemann Cleemann | issueType: P
  27. ^ New Year 1911. in Rigaschen Zeitung , No. 302, December 31, 1910, online under Pastor Cleemann Cleemann Cleemann | issueType: P
  28. ↑ New Year 1912. in Rigaschen Zeitung , No. 302, December 31, 1911, online at Cleemann Cleemann Pastor Cleemann Cleemann Cleemann | issueType: P
  29. ↑ New Year 1914. in Rigaschen Zeitung , No. 301, December 31, 1913, online at Cleemann Pastor Cleemann Cleemann Cleemann | issueType: P
  30. ↑ The next mission reading evening in the Düna newspaper , No. 46, February 23, 1908, online at Cleemann | issueType: P
  31. ^ The next mission reading evening in the Rigaschen Zeitung , No. 248, October 25, 1908, online at Cleemann | issueType: P
  32. ↑ The pastors' evening. in the Rigaschen Zeitung , No. 10, January 12, 1918, online under Pastor Cleemann | issueType: P
  33. ↑ Church Chronicle. in Ev.-Luth. Church paper for the German parishes of Latvia , No. 18, April 28, 1939, online at Cleemann | issueType: P , about this an article by Gustav Cleemann from 1912
personal data
SURNAME Cleemann, Gustav
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cleemann, Gustav Bernhard Christian (full name); Klēmanis, Gustavs Bernhards Kristians
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Baltic pastor
DATE OF BIRTH September 28, 1858
PLACE OF BIRTH Riga , Livonia Governorate , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH May 30, 1919
Place of death Riga , Latvian SPR