Paris suburb contracts
Paris suburb treaties is a common generic term for the peace treaties of the allied and associated victorious powers of the First World War with the states of the former Central Powers that had lost the war. The treaties were drawn up unilaterally by the victorious powers following the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 . They had to be signed by the representatives of the defeated Central Powers. They formally ended the First World War.
The term "Paris suburb contracts" comes from the fact that each of the contracts was signed in different places in the Paris region, mostly in former palaces.
The treaties contain not only specific points for the respective opponents of the war, but also the statutes of the League of Nations and the International Labor Organization (ILO).
The individual contracts are:
- Treaty of Versailles with the German Reich , signed June 28, 1919
- Treaty of Saint-Germain- en-Laye with German Austria (later Republic of Austria ), signed on September 10, 1919
- Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine with Bulgaria , signed November 27, 1919
- Treaty of Trianon with Hungary , signed June 4, 1920
- Treaty of Sèvres with the Ottoman Empire , signed on August 10, 1920 (later, on July 24, 1923, revised in the Treaty of Lausanne in favor of Turkey, which was founded in the same year )
The Constituent German National Assembly had voted on 22 June 1919 majority in favor of the Treaty of Versailles.
During the Turkish Liberation War , the nationalists in Ankara rejected the Treaty of Sèvres and had the signatories of the treaty declared traitors to the fatherland on August 19, 1920. On November 1, 1922, the national government declared the sultanate to be abolished.
For the Vatican , which had unsuccessfully acted as a mediator during the war, Pope Benedict XV. the Paris suburb contracts as a "vengeful dictate" and demanded justice for the defeated Central Powers. In the encyclical Pacem Dei Munus of May 23, 1920, he distanced himself from the peace treaties.
particularities
In addition to the treaties between victorious powers with defeated states, treaties between the victorious states are also referred to as Paris suburb agreements. Significant are contracts in which the rights of national minorities were regulated. The Polish minority treaty (also known as “ The Little Treaty of Versailles ”) of June 28, 1919 is the first minority treaty with specifically developed protective rights provisions.
literature
- Klaus Schubert, Martina Klein: The Political Lexicon . 6th edition, Dietz, Bonn 2016
Individual evidence
- ↑ 1914-2014: The Vatican as an unsuccessful mediator. religion.ORF.at/APA, April 1, 2014, accessed February 7, 2016 .