Korean film

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Korean film is the division of the Korean Peninsula in the states North Korea and South Korea marked. Since the end of World War II , North Korean and South Korean films have developed differently.

history

At the end of the 19th century , the French Lumière brothers created the cinématographe , which became a sensation for the representation of moving images. The cinematograph was presented internationally, first in Great Britain in 1896. The London Times read in 1897 that the film was introduced in Korea in October of that year. In this actuality films and short films from Pathé played in a barrack. There are also records of an edition of the Hwangsung Shinmun newspaper from 1903, according to which films by the Dongdaemun Electric Company were shown in June of that year. In 1907 the Dansungsa movie theater opened . This was followed by numerous other cinema openings. The cinemas in the north of Gyeongseong were aimed at the Japanese population and those in the southern parts of the city at the Korean people. In addition, numerous foreign films found their way to Korea in the following years, for example by Francis Ford , DW Griffith and Abel Gance .

Scene from Chunhyang-Jeon from 1935

On October 27, 1919, Kim Do-san and his artist group Shingeuk-jwa showed the first Korean film in the Dansungsa cinema with Fight for Justice (original title: 義理 的 仇 討 / 의리 적 구투 Uirijeok Gutu ) . This is how the film history of Korea began during the Japanese rule . In 1966, South Korean filmmakers and the government agreed to proclaim October 27th “Film Day” ( 영화 의 날 Yeonghwa-ui Nal ). In fact, it is debatable whether or not to consider Battle of Justice the first Korean film. It was not a complete feature film, but a mixture of cinema and theater that was shown together. This form of film presentation is called cinema drama. It goes back to the Japanese theater form Shinpa . It came to Korea during the colonial period and was adapted there by groups of artists. When the film came to Korea, these groups made films in order to underline their plays with additional film recordings. Similar forms were widespread until the first sound film in 1935. Shinpa is assigned to melodrama and is characterized by antinomy and represents the generality that experiences pain and confusion between traditional values ​​and modernity.

Shinpa was popular in Korea in the 1910s and mingled with film through drama groups. By the beginning of 1923, around 20 more cinema dramas had been produced. There is some controversy in literature as to which film is Korea's first feature film. Some authors argue that it is the 1923 film The Plighted Love under the Moon ( 月 下 의 盟誓 / 월하 의 맹서 Wolhaui Maengseo ) by Yoon Baek-nam, others attribute this to the educational film Demon in Life (1920). The film Chunghyang-Jeon , which was probably released between 1921 and 1923, and The National Border , which was played in Dansungsa in January 1923, are also up for discussion. The latter, however, was produced by the Japanese studio Shōchiku . Chunghyang-Jeon is a Korean folk tale that was filmed by the Japanese director Hayakawa Goshu. This inspired the owner of the Dansungsa, Park Seung-pil, to produce a film adaptation of the saga Janghwa Hongnyeon jeon . In 1926 the silent film Arirang by Na Woon-gyu was released , which is considered to be one of the most important films of early Korean cinema. It was the first film to focus on national pride and resistance to Japan's colonial rule. The Japanese occupation forces did not initially forbid the film because they did not recognize the film's anti-Japanese message. For Koreans, however, it was clear. The film was about a mentally unstable man who murdered a wealthy landowner connected to the Japanese police. Lee Gyu-hwan tied thematically to this in his debut work A Ferry Boat That Has No Owner ( 임자 없는 나룻배 , 1932) and is one of the most important directors of the silent film era. The silent film Crossroads of Youth , released in 1934, was discovered in 2007, making it the oldest Korean film that still exists today. All previous films were lost over time.

An essential aspect of the silent film era were the so-called Byeonsa (in Japanese Benshi ). They were the narrators of the silent films and stood at the side of the screen. Byeonsas were among the stars of Korean cinema at the time of silent films. In the case of imported films, the subtitles did not have to be translated, but were referred to as a Byeonsa.

In 1935, a new film adaptation of the folk tale Chunhyang-Jeon came out Korea's first sound film . In 1937 Lee Gyu-hwan had a great success with Wanderer ( 나그네 Nageune ), which made sound films the new norm. However, this was also the year in which Japan in China occurred. Anti-war films were completely banned, and rather the pressure increased to make propaganda films and to instill the ideology of the empire in the population. A quota was also introduced that no more than 1/3 of the films played may be foreign productions. Movies were too popular and the government placed great importance on the medium in influencing the population. The flourishing of the film industry came to an abrupt end in 1942 when the Japanese government banned Korean-language films and films were used only for war propaganda.

See also

Web links

Commons : Cinema of Korea  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Kim Jong-won: The Exhibition of Moving Pictures and the Advent of Korean Cinema . In: Kim Mee-hyun (ed.): Korean Cinema. From Origins to Renaissance . Korean Film Council, Seoul 2007, ISBN 978-89-8499-703-5 , pp. 17-35 ( download ).
  2. ↑ a b Kim Soyoung: Korean Film History and <Chihwaseon>. Archived from the original on October 2, 2008 ; accessed on September 14, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Film industry holds seminar in the run-up to the centenary of Korean cinema. In: KBS World Radio. October 27, 2018, accessed February 9, 2019 .
  4. ^ S. Korean movie industry to celebrate centennial in Oct. In: Yonhap . April 17, 2019, accessed June 30, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Tobias Sedlmaier: A hundred years of Korean film: This is true world cinema. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . August 7, 2019, accessed August 8, 2019 .
  6. ^ Sonia Kil: South Korea Celebrates 100 Years of Cinema. In: Variety . May 13, 2019, accessed June 30, 2019 .
  7. ↑ 한국 영화 100 년, 그 기원 에 대하여. In: Cine21. February 6, 2019, accessed October 30, 2019 (Korean).
  8. ↑ Brian Yecies: systematization of Film Censorship in Colonial Korea: profiteering from Hollywood's Golden Age, 1926-1936 . In: The Journal of Korean Studies . tape 10 , no. 1 , 2005, ISBN 978-1-4422-3483-3 , pp. 78 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  9. ↑ a b c d e f Keumsil Kim Yoon, Bruce Williams: Two Lenses on the Korean Ethos: Key Cultural Concepts and Their Appearance in Cinema . McFarland, 2015, ISBN 978-1-4766-1787-9 , pp. 98 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  10. ↑ a b c d e f Hye Seung Chung: From National to Transnational: A Historiography of Korean Cinema . In: Dal Yong Jin, Nojin Kwak (eds.): Communication, Digital Media, and Popular Culture in Korea: Contemporary Research and Future Prospects . Lexington Books, 2018, ISBN 978-1-4985-6204-1 , pp. 446 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  11. ^ Lee Soon-jin: The Genealogy of Shinpa Melodramas in Korean Cinema . In: Kim Mee-hyun (ed.): Korean Cinema. From Origins to Renaissance . Korean Film Council, Seoul 2007, ISBN 978-89-8499-703-5 , pp. 37-44 ( download ).
  12. ↑ a b c Yoon Min-sik: [Weekender] Korean cinema: 100 years in the making. In: The Korea Herald . May 30, 2019, accessed June 1, 2019 .
  13. ↑ The History of Korean Film. In: Pride of Korea. February 7, 2007, accessed June 9, 2019 .
  14. ↑ a b c d Darcy Paquet: A Short History of Korean Film. In: koreanfilm.org. Retrieved June 13, 2019 .
  15. ^ A b Korean Culture and Information Service (Ed.): K-Movie: The World's Spotlight on Korean Film . 1st edition. 2012, ISBN 978-89-7375-564-6 ( online ).
  16. ↑ a b Im Sang-hyeok: Freedom of Speech and Cinema: The History of Korean Film Censorship . In: Kim Mee-hyun (ed.): Korean Cinema. From Origins to Renaissance . Korean Film Council, Seoul 2007, ISBN 978-89-8499-703-5 , pp. 98 ( download ).
  17. ↑ Han Sang-eon: 스크린 쿼터. In: Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved September 20, 2019 (Korean).