Andrievs Niedra

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Andrievs Niedra

Andrievs Niedra (* January 23 jul. / 4. February  1871 greg. In Tirzah at Schwanenburg , Livonia ; † 25. September 1942 in Riga ) was a Latvian -German writer, Lutheran pastor and the spring of 1919 for good two months Prime Minister a Latvian puppet government .

Life

Andrievs Niedra published his first collection of poems at the age of sixteen. He was not yet twenty when his stories, based on history and folklore, began to appear in the newspaper Baltijas Vēstnesis . In his stories, writings and plays he combined realistic fiction with idealistic ideas in an appealing way . His topic was often the development of the Latvian intelligentsia and the situation of the rural people in relation to the predominant Baltic Germans .

Between 1890 and 1899 he studied Protestant theology at the University of Dorpat . Niedra believed that society could only develop through evolution, not revolution. He was a bitter opponent of socialism and was seen as a reactionary in an increasingly revolutionary society . Niedra took a public stand against the 1905 revolution .

From 1908 he was pastor and landlord in Kalsnava in north-eastern Latvia. After the Tsar's abdication in 1917, Niedra joined the newly founded Latvian Farmers' Union , for which he lectured and published. He was arrested by the Bolsheviks in early 1918 , but was able to escape from a rail transport.

During the Latvian War of Liberation , Andrievs Niedra, who had long hesitated to take over the office, was appointed Prime Minister of a government set up in Latvia by the Allied authorities, by bourgeois Latvians and by the German General Command on April 26, 1919 . This new government was preceded by a coup by the Baltic State Army on April 16, 1919, led by Hans Baron Manteuffel-Szoege .

After the armistice of Strasdenhof between the Allies, Estonia, Latvia and the German occupation forces on July 3, 1919, Niedra resigned. In the autumn he worked for Bermondt-Awaloff in the civil administration of Courland. After the military defeat of Awaloff's West Russian Liberation Army , Niedra also fled Latvia.

In 1924 Andrievs Niedra returned to Latvia. He was arrested and tried on charges of treason . The court stripped him of his Latvian citizenship and ordered his expulsion , which took place in 1926.

In exile, he took on German citizenship , was pastor of a religious community in East Prussia and completed his three-volume autobiography under the title Tautas nodevēja atmiņas ( Memories of a Traitor of the People ). The first edition of the first part, published in 1923, was destroyed under Kārlis Ulmanis after the coup d'état of May 15, 1934 , and the printing of his works in Latvia was banned.

Andrievs Niedra returned to his Latvian homeland during the German occupation of Latvia in World War II and died in Rīga.

Fonts

  • Andreewa Needras kopoti raksti . Jelgava 1911.
  • Tautas nodeweja atminas , three volumes. Straume, Riga 1923 (vol. 1), 1924 (vol. 2) and 1930 (vol. 3).
    • New edition: Tautas nodevēja atmiņas. Piedzīvojumi cīņā pret lielimiecismu . Zinātne, Riga 1998, ISBN 5-7966-1144-5 .
  • Kā tās lietas tika darītas . Latvju grāmata, Riga 1943.
  • Raksti , four volumes. Tilta apgāds, Minneapolis 1971–1972 (collected stories).

literature

in order of appearance

  • Viktors Eglītis: Andrievs Niedra savā dzīvē un darbos . Riga 1924 (literary research).
  • Hans von Rimscha : The episode Niedra . In: Jürgen von Hehn u. a: From the Baltic provinces to the Baltic states. Contributions to the genesis of the republics of Estonia and Latvia , Vol. 2: 1918-1920 . Herder Institute, Marburg 1977, ISBN 3-87969-114-2 , pp. 237-326.
  • Dace Lūse: Andrievs Niedra. Personība un dail̦rade. Mācibu līdzeklis . Latvijas Universitāte, Riga 1994.
  • Inta Pētersone (ed.): Latvijas Brīvības cīņas 1918-1920. Enciklopēdja . Preses nams, Riga 1999, ISBN 9984-00-395-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry in the baptismal register of the Tirsen parish (Latvian: Tirza). According to other sources, he was born on January 27th . / February 8, 1871 greg. born.
  2. ^ Gregor Fröhlich: Soldier without orders. Ernst von Salomon and soldier nationalism . Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 2018, ISBN 978-3-506-78738-5 , p. 160.
  3. ↑ Karsten Brüggemann : The founding of the Republic of Estonia and the end of the "one and indivisible Russia". The Petrograd Front of the Russian Civil War 1918-1920 . Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2002, ISBN 3-447-04481-0 , p. 192.
  4. ↑ Siegfried Boström: We were Balts . Türmer, Berg (Starnberger See) 1983, ISBN 3-87829-077-2 , p. 211 f .
  5. ↑ VĖJAS Gabriel Liulevičius: The state of Upper East in World War I: A case study on the German / Lithuanian relations and ideas for the future . In: Joachim Tauber (Ed.): "Collaboration" in Northeast Europe. Appearances and interpretations in the 20th century . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 3-447-05367-4 , pp. 118–127, here p. 127.
personal data
SURNAME Niedra, Andrievs
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Latvian-German writer, Lutheran pastor, Prime Minister
DATE OF BIRTH February 4, 1871
PLACE OF BIRTH Tirza near Schwanenburg , Latvia
DATE OF DEATH September 25, 1942
Place of death Riga