Ferdinand Stanislaus Pawlikowski

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Ferdinand Stanislaus Pawlikowski

Ferdinand Stanislaus Pawlikowski (born April 28, 1877 in Vienna , † July 31, 1956 in Graz ) was the last Prince-Bishop of Seckau (today: Diocese of Graz-Seckau ) and titular Archbishop of Velebusdus .

Life

Studies and activity in the Catholic military pastoral care

Ferdinand Stanislaus Pawlikowski was ordained a priest on July 5, 1903 by the Archdiocese of Salzburg in Trento on the basis of a " table title " granted to him by Cardinal Katschthaler , regardless of a broken school education in Vienna and an external visit to theological lectures in Trento . After brief pastoral care stations in the Archdiocese of Salzburg, he continued his theological studies in Rome at his own expense and received his doctorate in February 1907 .

In 1908, on the intercession of officers with Cardinal Katschthaler, he was able to transfer to the service of the Imperial and Royal Military Chaplaincy at the Innsbruck Field Superior Council . After a year as field curate in Bolzano , he came to the field vicariate in Vienna, where he was in charge of the registry. During the First World War he supported the then field vicar, Bishop Bjelik , on his inspection trips. After the end of the monarchy he had to organize the dissolution of the field vicariate in 1918/19 and tried to secure the existence of a military chaplaincy in Austria even after the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy.

According to the provisions of the Treaty of Saint-Germain , the Federal Army , a professional army of 30,000 men (1,500 officers and 2,000 NCOs) was created in 1920 . In August 1920 Pawlikowski was appointed "army provost" (since 1924 " military vicar "), subsequently awarded the honorary title of papal house prelate , and from 1921 was able to begin his work with initially 12 military chaplains. In 1926 he founded a Marian soldiers' congregation, which later became the "Catholic German Reich Soldiers Association" (highest level in 1935: approx. 7,000 members), which was dissolved on March 13, 1938. The chairman of this lay organization, Major Franz Heckenast , was arrested by the Nazis in 1938 and died in the Buchenwald concentration camp .

The Prince-Bishop of Seckau

On February 25, 1927, Pawlikowski was appointed auxiliary bishop of the diocese of Seckau and appointed titular bishop of Dadima , and two months later, on April 26, 1927, he was the prince-bishop of Seckau (he was the only bishop appointed after the fall of Austria-Hungary until his resignation in 1953 the conventional name "Prince Bishop" at). He also held the post of military vicar until the occupation of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938.

The beginning of his episcopal activity in Styria was overshadowed by the fact that the then Salzburg Archbishop Ignatius Rieder (who traditionally had the right to present when the bishops of Seckau were appointed) had been overlooked. In the politically turbulent years between the wars, Pawlikowski, who felt deeply committed to the Christian social state and society, also had to face many disputes with the socialist camp. Nevertheless, despite all of his involvement in politics, which at that time could hardly be avoided, his most important concern was the pastoral activity that he u. a. on the IV. Styrian Katholikentag 1930 in Graz. His efforts to rebuild and rebuild the Elisabethinen hospital in Graz, the new construction of the seminary and the Seckau diocesan synod of 1936 are also mentioned here.

Pawlikowski was hostile to National Socialism and was therefore briefly imprisoned by the National Socialist regime on March 13, 1938 - as the only bishop in the entire German-speaking area. Released soon after the intervention of the Vatican, however, he was powerless against the abolition of many monasteries during the Nazi era and the arrest and execution of some of his priests. On the other hand, Pawlikowski, arrested by anti-Judaism traditions, called for a "suppression of the pernicious influence of world Jewry in the economy and culture". In 1944 he also wrote in a pastoral word about war as “great deeds” in “heroic times”.

After the end of the Second World War , Pawlikowski fought together with the other bishops of Austria to regain ecclesiastical rights as they had existed before 1938. He also did not shy away from vigorous protest in the face of attacks by the occupation forces, especially the Soviet ones, and tried hard to help the numerous refugees and homeless people. In 1950 the 5th Styrian Katholikentag offered the opportunity to reflect - the Protestant Church was also invited to take part through a representative. In May 1952 a study day took place in Mariazell under the motto "A free church in a free society" (later called "Mariazeller Manifesto"), which laid the foundations for the principle of non-interference of the Catholic Church in (party) political issues in Austria .

Resignation as Prince-Bishop

Since 1947 Pawlikowski began to be ailing, so in August 1948 the Grazer moral theologian Leo Pietsch , titular bishop of Narona , was appointed auxiliary bishop . 1953 he was the Vatican (by the then Uditore at the Vienna Nunciature , Bruno Heim suggested discrete), to ask for his resignation. He did so, deeply hurt and probably against his convictions, and was appointed titular archbishop of Velebusdus in recognition of his services . On the occasion of the inauguration of his successor, Josef Schoiswohl , he left the Graz bishop's court in 1954 and died two years later. He was buried in Frauenberg near Leibnitz in southern Styria, near the summer residence of the Seckau bishops in Seggauberg Castle, in his mother's grave.

Memberships

Honors

literature

  • Karl Amon and Maximilian Liebmann: Church history of Styria . Styria, Graz a. a. 1997, ISBN 3-222-12183-4 .
  • Franz Gruber: On the 100th birthday of the military bishop Dr. Ferdinand Pawlikowski . In: Contributions to the history of the diocese of Vienna . 1977.
  • Rudolf K. Höfer: Ferdinand Stanislaus Pawlikowski . In: Siegfried Koß, Wolfgang Löhr (Hrsg.): Biographisches Lexikon des KV. 1st part (= Revocatio historiae. Volume 2). SH-Verlag, Schernfeld 1991, ISBN 3-923621-55-8 , p. 74 f.
  • Maximilian Liebmann: Dr. Ferdinand Stanislaus Pawlikowski . In: K. Amon (Ed.): The Bishops of Graz-Seckau 1218–1968 . Styria, Graz a. a. 1969, pp. 456-469.
  • Andreas Predikaka: Ferdinand Pawlikowski. A realpolitician of the interwar period? Thesis. Faculty of History and Cultural Studies at the University of Vienna, 2013 ( othes.univie.ac.at [PDF; 10.0 MB ]).
  • Ekkart Sauser :  Pawlikowski, Ferdinand Stanislaus. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 7, Bautz, Herzberg 1994, ISBN 3-88309-048-4 , Sp. 107-109.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Oskar Veselky: bishop and clergy of the diocese of Seckau under Nazi rule. Graz 1981, p. 308 f.
  2. ↑ cit. according to Ernst T. Mader: The lonely way . In: Die Zeit , No. 22/2006
  3. ^ The history of the Austrian Lieutenancy . Retrieved March 17, 2012
  4. ↑ From Ordinance Gazette No. 8. In:  Oesterreichische Wehrzeitung , July 10, 1936, p. 6 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / add
personal data
SURNAME Pawlikowski, Ferdinand Stanislaus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian clergyman and Roman Catholic bishop of Seckau
DATE OF BIRTH April 28, 1877
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH July 31, 1956
Place of death Graz