German national movement
's German national dirndl.
I like black red gold.
Her eyes are black, her
lips are red,
her hair is gold.
The German National Movement (often also written as the German National Movement ) originated in Austria-Hungary and was considered a decidedly nationalist current of the German-speaking population there. Their supporters called themselves Deutschnationale .
history
The German National Movement in Austria-Hungary has its origin in the loss of supremacy in the German-speaking part of the Austrian monarchy.
Since the bourgeois revolution of 1848/49 , the Czechs in particular have been demanding political, economic and cultural equality with the German-speaking population, who benefited from old privileges from the time of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Josef II. From the 1870s until the collapse of the state in October 1918, Austria was therefore shaped by nationality struggles.
The conflicts between German speakers and Czechs increased with the formation of a government by the Austrian Prime Minister Eduard von Taaffe in 1879, since the German Liberal Party as the main representative of the German-speaking bourgeoisie was no longer involved in this government .
In 1879 the German National Movement accused the German Liberal Party, which had ruled Austria-Hungary until then, of insufficiently representing the rights of the German-speaking population. In 1882 she published the so-called Linz program in collaboration with the Greater and later Pan-German Knight von Schönerer , which demanded a special status for the regions of Galicia and Dalmatia , and thus founded German nationalism . Its leader, Ritter von Schönerer, a staunch opponent of Austrian patriotism and a staunch radical anti-Semite , launched an Aryan paragraph in 1885 and founded the Pan-German Association in 1891 . His racial hatred and nationalistic fanaticism later strongly influenced the young Adolf Hitler . Many of the founders of the later German School Association were members of the German National Movement.
As a result of the admission of numerous anti-Semites, the German National Movement disintegrated in two directions from 1885: Ritter von Schönerer and his followers quickly came into conflict with the Habsburg state, while the majority of the German Nationalists remained loyal to the Austrian-Hungarian state.
In the later 1880s, the German national movement split into a large number of parties and individual organizations. Their ideas also influenced the nationalist movement or lived on in it.
aims
The German National Movement was for the political connection of the closed German-speaking settlement areas of Austria-Hungary to the German Empire . Accordingly, their federal colors were black-white-red , while the color sequence black-red-gold was still regarded as the national colors of the German Austrians and used on an equal footing with the imperial colors:
- "... in the colors black-white-red we, the supporters of the German Nationals, see the membership of the German-Austrians in the German Empire, and in the colors black-red-gold the will to belong to this German people!"
successor
The German National Party (1891), the German People's Party (1896), the Pan-German Association (1901), the German Radical Party (1903) and the German Agrarian Party (1905) emerged from the German National Movement .
In 1909 the members of the German People's Party, the German Progressive, the German National Agrarian and the German Radical Party formed the German National Association . As early as 1911 he was the strongest force in the Reichsrat (Austria) . In 1911, the members of the German Workers' Party also joined the national association.
In May 1918, the German Workers 'Party was renamed the German National Socialist Workers' Party (DNSAP), which split into the Austrian DNSAP and the Czechoslovak DNSAP due to the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy . In the 1920s, the Greater German People's Party (Austria) and the German National Party of Bohemia emerged from the National Association .
See also
literature
- Paul Molisch: History of the German National Movement in Austria. Publishing house by Gustav Fischer, Jena 1926.
- Ingeborg Zelenka: Mayor Franz Kammann and the German Nationals in Wiener Neustadt. Phil. Dissertation, Vienna 1973.