Philippe Soupault

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.
Philippe Soupault (left) and Vítězslav Nezval (right), 1927 or 1928
Robert Delaunay : Le Poète Philippe Soupault (1922)

Philippe Soupault (born August 2, 1897 in Chaville near Paris , † March 12, 1990 in Paris) was a French poet and writer . He was married to the photographer Ré Soupault .

Live and act

Philippe Soupault made the acquaintance of Marcel Proust and Apollinaire at a young age ; through the latter he met André Breton in 1917 and through this Louis Aragon . The three of them founded the newspaper " Littérature ", which at that time was still heavily influenced by dada (33 issues up to 1924).

The first so-called automatic texts ( écriture automatique ) appeared in it, influenced by Pierre Janet . The automatic attempts at writing, written jointly by Philippe Soupault and André Breton, were the very first surrealist texts and appeared in book form in 1921 as Les champs magnétiques ( The magnetic fields ).

During the First World War, Soupault accidentally discovered an edition of the songs of Maldoror von Lautréamont in the mathematics department of a small bookshop near the Paris hospital on the Rive Gauche , where he was housed in 1917 . In his memoirs he writes:

“I started reading when I was allowed to light a candle. It was like an enlightenment. In the morning I read the 'Gesänge' again, convinced that I would have dreamed ... The day after that André Breton visited me. I gave him the book and asked him to read it. He brought it back the following day, just as enthusiastic as I was. "

It was through this coincidence that Lautréamont revealed himself to the Surrealists, who quickly made him their prophet . This was the beginning of Lautréamont's triumphant advance. André Gide saw it as the greatest achievement of Aragon, Breton and Soupault to have "recognized and proclaimed the literary and ultra-literary significance of the astonishing Lautréamont". For Gide Lautréamont was - even more than Arthur Rimbaud - “the lock master of tomorrow's literature”.

After the collapse of the Parisian Dadaism movement, Soupault initially belonged to the surrealism movement that began in 1924, but moved away from it through his increasing journalistic activities and his refusal to follow the group's political turn to communism ; He also wrote novels , which was frowned upon by the Surrealists, and was thus excluded from the group in 1927. Nevertheless, he regarded himself as a surrealist until the end of his life. He wrote numerous novels, essays and poems .

On November 7, 1933, at the reception to celebrate the October Revolution at the Russian Embassy in Paris, he met the German artist Ré Richter. The two married in 1937 and traveled to Tunisia for the first time. Ré Soupault belonged to the Parisian circle of friends of Man Ray , Fernand Léger , Florence Henri , Gisèle Freund , Elsa Triolet , Max Ernst , Kiki , Foujita , Sonia and Robert Delaunay , André Kertész and Alberto Giacometti . The Bauhaus student and friend of the Berlin Dadaists let her French friends discover the German artistic avant-garde.

Philippe Soupault was a well-known journalist since the late 1920s, working for VU , Excelsior and L'Intransigeant , among others .

He thought his wife was very talented and convinced her to illustrate his reports. Philippe Soupault encouraged his wife in her photographic work. In April 1934 both went on reporting trips to Germany, Switzerland and England. In 1935 they spent a few months in the USA and again in Germany and Scandinavia. In 1936 they spent a few weeks in Spain - before the civil war began.

Philippe Soupault was commissioned by Léon Blum to set up an anti-fascist radio station in Tunis, Radio Tunis . In their free time, they toured the country on bicycles. They wanted to get to know the people of Tunisia, see reality at eye level and communicate it.

Persecuted by the Vichy government - Philippe Soupault was imprisoned for six months without a trial - they were able to leave Tunis on the last bus on November 13, 1942, one day before Erwin Rommel's Nazi troops occupied Tunis.

Her house on rue el Karchani was completely ransacked. They stayed in Algeria for almost a year, then in 1943 Soupault was commissioned by General Charles de Gaulle to set up a new French news agency in North, Central and South America.

They met their Parisian friends again in New York. Ré Soupault accompanied her husband on all of his travels. They met with Gisèle Freund and Victoria Ocampo in Argentina. They toured South America in 1944: Mexico, Bolivia, Colombia, Guatemala, Chile, Argentina and Brazil. Then they returned to the USA; about Haiti, Cuba and a short stay in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, where he taught at the university. In 1945 the Soupaults separated.

From 1973 the two lived together again, in two separate apartments in the Résidence d'Auteuil in the 16th century. District. There they led a meager life and related that they were »not collectors«. Together they published numerous fairy tale anthologies.

In May 1981 the Soupaults came to Heidelberg and met the publisher Manfred Metzner. The publishing house Das Wunderhorn became Philippe Soupault's German publisher and published a 10-volume Soupault work edition.

Honors

Works (selection)

Autobiographical
  • Histoire d'un blanc . Firmin-Didot, Paris 2003, ISBN 2-07-073463-3 . (EA Paris 1927)
    • German translation: story of a white man. Autobiographical text, with name register and documents. Verlag Das Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 1990, ISBN 3-88423-064-6 .
  • Mémoires de l'oubli. Lachenal & Ritter, Paris 1986/1997.
  1. 1897-1927. 1986, ISBN 2-904388-15-X .
  2. 1914-1923. 1997, ISBN 2-904388-45-1 .
  3. 1923-1926. 1986, ISBN 2-904388-14-1 .
  4. 1927-1933. 1997, ISBN 2-904388-46-X .
Essays
Poetry
  • Rose des vents. Lachenal & Ritter, Paris 1981. (EA Paris 1920)
    • German translation: Rose des vents. Poems 1917–1919 (Collection de littérature; Vol. 5). Au Sans Pareil, Paris 1920. (illustrated by Marc Chagall )
  • Roland Erb (Ed.): Please be silent. Poems and songs 1917–1986. Verlag Das Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 1989, ISBN 3-88423-056-5 . (EA Leipzig 1982; with an afterword by Alain Lance)
  • Poésies pour mes amis les enfants. Lachenal & Ritter, Paris 1985, ISBN 2-904388-12-5 .
prose
  • Le negre (L'imaginaire; vol. 373). Gallimard, Paris 1997, ISBN 2-07-075164-3 . (EA Paris 1927)
    • German translation: The Negro. Novel. Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, Frankfurt am Main 1993, ISBN 3-596-11605-8 . (EA Heidelberg 1982, with a foreword by Heinrich Mann )
  • Le grand homme. J'ai lu, Paris 1985, ISBN 2-277-21759-X . (EA Paris 1929)
    • German translation: A great man. Novel. Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, Frankfurt am Main 1993, ISBN 3-596-11606-6 . (EA Heidelberg 1983)
  • En joue! J'ai lu, Paris 1986, ISBN 2-277-21953-3 . (EA Paris 1925)
    • German translation: The last game. Novel. Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, Frankfurt am Main 1994. (EA Heidelberg 1984)
  • Les dernieres nuits de Paris. Gallimard, Paris 1997, ISBN 2-07-075163-5 . (EA Paris 1928)
    • German translation: The last nights of Paris. Novel. Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, Frankfurt am Main 1993, ISBN 3-596-11604-X . (EA Heidelberg 1982)
  • Les Champs magnétiques . Gallimard, Paris 1995, ISBN 2-07-031877-X . (EA Paris 1967; together with André Breton)
    • German translation: The magnetic fields. Verlag Das Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 1990, ISBN 3-88423-045-X .
  • Le bon apôtre. Lachenal & Ritter, Paris 1988, ISBN 2-904388-18-4 . (EA Paris 1923)
    • German translation: The beautiful saint. Novel. Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, Frankfurt am Main 1995, ISBN 3-596-11608-2 . (EA Heidelberg 1992; with an afterword by François Martinet)
  • Voyage d'Horace Pirouelle. Lachenal & Ritter, Paris 1983, ISBN 2-904388-03-6 . (EA Paris 1929)
    • German translation: The journey of Horace Pirouelle. Novel. Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, Frankfurt am Main 1995, ISBN 3-596-11609-0 . (EA Heidelberg 1992; translated by Manfred Metzner)
  • Les frères Durandeau. Lachenal & Ritter, Paris 1995, ISBN 2-904388-41-9 .
  • Le roi de la vie et autres nouvelles. Lachenal & Ritter, Paris 1992, ISBN 2-904388-29-5 .
  • Le Temps des assassins. Histoire du détenu n ° 1234 . Éditions de la Maison Française, New York 1945.
    • The time of the murderer. Memories from prison . Translation by Holger Fock, Sabine Müller. Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 2017, ISBN 978-3-88423-570-6 .
Non-fiction

literature

Essays
  • Claude Coste: La musique dans la vie et l'œuvre de Philippe Soupault. In: Ders .: Les malheurs d'Orphée. Littérature et musique au XXe siècle. L'improviste, Paris 2003, ISBN 2-913764-11-8 , pp. 179-202.
  • Elisabeth Giesenhagen: The city as a prostitute. Philippe Soupault, “Les dernieres nuits de Paris”. In: Dies .: City visions in the French narrative literature of the 20th century. Peter Lang Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2002, ISBN 3-631-39142-0 , pp. 50-73. (Additional dissertation, University of Trier 1999)
  • Verena Simon: Soupault, "Les dernieres nuits de Paris". In: This: Paris, the surrealists' mystery. The modeling of the city of Paris in selected narrative texts by French surrealists. WiKu, Duisburg 2006, ISBN 3-86553-146-6 , pp. 101-143.
Books
  • Keith Aspley: The life and works of surrealist Philippe Soupault (1897–1990). Parallel lives ( Studies in French Literature ; Vol. 51). Mellen Books, Lewiston, NY 2001, ISBN 0-7734-7358-0 .
  • Myriam Boucharenc: Léchec et son double. Philippe Soupault ( Littérature notre siècle ; Vol. 1). Champion, Paris 1997, ISBN 2-85203-552-9 . (Additional dissertation, University of Paris 1994)
  • Jacqueline Chénieux-Gendron: Patiences et silences de Philippe Soupault. Text. L'Harmattan, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-7384-9216-9 .
  • Joseph Fahey: The problem of the monde in the poèsie surréaliste. Breton, Éluard, Soupault, 1919–1932. Dissertation, University of Paris 2004.
  • Lydie Lachenal: Philippe Soupault. Sa vie, son œuvre, chronology. Lachenal & Ritter, Paris 1997, ISBN 2-904388-48-6 .
  • Maurice Lemaître : Sur Tristan Tzara , André Breton , Philippe Soupault. Center de Créativité, Paris 1980.
  • Claude Leroy: Philippe Soupault. In: Europe. Revue littéraire mensuelle. No. 769 (1993), ISSN  0014-2751
  • Gert Löschnig: The narrative work of Philippe Soupault. Peter Lang Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1989, ISBN 3-631-42990-8 .
  • Jemima Montagu: The surrealists. Revolutionaries in art & writing, 1919–35. Tate Publ., London 2002, ISBN 1-85437-367-6 .
  • Béatrice Mousli: Philippe Soupault ( Grandes Biographies ). Flammarion, Paris 2010, ISBN 978-2-08-068930-6 .
  • Stephan Nowotnick: Philippe Soupault, the forgotten surrealist. Studies on his narrative work ( Treatises on language and literature ; Vol. 12). Romanistischer Verlag, Bonn 1988, ISBN 3-924888-32-9 . (Additional dissertation, University of Münster 1988)
  • Emma Pallares: La fuite autobiographiques dans les écrits de Philippe Soupault. Dissertation, University of Montpellier 2003.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Inge Herold (Ed.): Ré Soupault. An artist at the center of the avant-garde. Verlag Das Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-88423-363-4 , p. 18. (Additional catalog of the exhibition of the same name, Kunsthalle Mannheim , February 13 to May 8, 2011).
  2. ↑ a b Translated by Hans Thill .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Translated by Ré Soupault.
  4. ↑ Apparently not published again.

Web links

Commons : Philippe Soupault  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Soupault, Philippe
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French poet and writer
DATE OF BIRTH August 2, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Chaville
DATE OF DEATH March 12, 1990
Place of death Paris