Art year 1919
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Overview of the Art Years
Further events
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Events
New department of the National Gallery Berlin in the Kronprinzenpalais
The new department of the Nationalgalerie Berlin in the Kronprinzenpalais is founded by the director of the Berlin Nationalgalerie Ludwig Justi and opens on August 4th . It is the world's first public collection of 20th century contemporary modern art.
Most of the rooms on the ground floor are made up of older holdings - including works by Max Liebermann , although Justi has a well-known personal enmity with him. One room is dedicated to the French impressionists Édouard Manet , Claude Monet , Paul Cézanne , Edgar Degas and Pierre-Auguste Renoir , another to the Berlin Secession . There are also works by artists such as Vincent van Gogh , Edvard Munch , Ferdinand Hodler , Max Slevogt , Aristide Maillol and others. The second floor forms the real centerpiece with the Expressionists : the Dresdner Brücke artists Erich Heckel , Ernst Ludwig Kirchner , Otto Mueller , Max Pechstein , Emil Nolde and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff , the painters Franz Marc and Christian Rohlfs , the Bauhaus artist Lyonel Feininger and sculptures by Ernst Barlach and Wilhelm Lehmbruck . But also Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin and Oskar Kokoschka , French pointillists and James Ensor .
The rooms themselves are simply furnished, a wide colored base and a functional hanging bar were the only architectural elements. The works are grouped freely under a simple strip of paper with the artist's name on it. Another novelty, half for conceptual, half for financial reasons, is the use of numerous loans and the organization of temporary exhibitions. As a result, the museum staging was in constant motion. Critics therefore disparagingly refer to the Gallery of the Living as an experimental gallery . Despite or because of all these innovations, the concept of the Kronprinzenpalais had a worldwide appeal.
The Bauhaus
- March 21 : The Bauhaus , initiated by Walter Gropius , is built in Weimar as a college for design.
Artist associations
- End of January: The expressionist Dresdner Sezession Gruppe 1919 is founded. The co-founders include Conrad Felixmüller , Otto Dix , Wilhelm Heckrott , Constantin von Mitschke-Collande , Otto Schubert , Lasar Segall and the art critic Will Grohmann . The painters Otto Lange , Peter August Böckstiegel and the sculptor Gela Forster join the group a short time later. From April 5th to May 13th the first exhibition will take place in the Emil Richter Art Salon . Paintings and graphics by the group members as well as sculptures by Gela Forster are on display. A second special exhibition will follow in the summer, to which guests from other progressive artists' associations will also be invited. In October, the Dresden Secession organized an exhibition at Emil Richter’s premises for the two young artists Pol Cassel and Otto Griebel , who are close to the group without being members themselves. At the end of the year, political arguments broke out between the members of the group.
- February 24 : The writer Herbert Eulenberg and the painters Arthur Kaufmann and Adolf Uzarski found the artists' association Das Junge Rheinland in Düsseldorf . The association is intended to represent the common interests of young Rhenish artists and organize exhibitions. The first exhibition of the group "The Young Rhineland" took place in June / July 1919 in the Kunsthalle Düsseldorf with the participation of 113 artists.
- The late expressionist artists' association Die Kugel is founded in Magdeburg. The founding members include Bruno Beye , Wilhelm Höpfner and Günther Vogler .
- The Hamburg Secession is founded. The aim of the association is to improve the climate for the fine arts in the commercial Hanseatic city.
- In Dresden, the Dresden Dada group is formed around Kurt Günther , Otto Griebel , Otto Dix and the composer Erwin Schulhoff .
painting
Oil painting
- William Orpen paints The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors, 28th June 1919, in oil on canvas for the Paris Peace Conference
- John Singer Sargent paints the painting Gassed in oil on canvas for the British Ministry of Information . It shows soldiers of the British Expeditionary Force after a poison gas attack by German troops in World War I.
Other works
- With LHOOQ, Marcel Duchamp creates one of his most famous ready-mades .
Museums
- The Musée Rodin in Paris opens.
Born
First half of the year
- January 11 : Alexander von Branca , German architect and artist († 2011 )
- January 17th : Antonio Mingote , Spanish draftsman and author († 2012 )
- January 20 : Wladimir Samoilowitsch Gall , Soviet cultural officer and university lecturer († 2011 )
- February 6 : Elfriede Abbe , American sculptor († 2012 )
- February 14 : Miroslav Zikmund , Czech world traveler, writer and photographer
- February 23 : Anna Maria Strackerjan , German sculptor († 1980 )
- March 17 : Fedja Erik Allan Anzelewski , German art historian († 2010 )
- March 28 : Tatiana Ahlers-Hestermann , German textile, mosaic and glass artist († 2000 )
- March 30th : Christian Aigrinner , German painter, draftsman and graphic artist († 1983 )
- April 24 : César Manrique , Spanish artist, architect, sculptor and environmentalist in Lanzarote († 1992 )
- May 3 : Illa Blaue , German painter († 2018 )
- May 3 : John Cullen Murphy , American comic artist († 2004 )
- May 24th : Gottfried Leonhardt , German graphic artist and illustrator († 2018 )
- May 30 : Rómulo Aguerre , Uruguayan photographer († 2002 )
- June 21 : Paolo Soleri , Italian architect († 2013 )
- June 26th : Donald Martin Ashton , British architect, film architect and set designer († 2004 )
Second half of the year
- July 6 : Otto Johannes Bähr , German painter († 2008 )
- July 6 : Oswaldo Guayasamín , Ecuadorian painter and sculptor († 1999 )
- July 26 : Elinborg Lützen , Faroese graphic designer († 1995 )
- July 27 : Jack Goody , British cultural scientist († 2015 )
- August 15 : Ota Janeček , Czech illustrator, painter, graphic artist († 1996 )
- August 18 : Hans Winkler , German painter († 2000 )
- August 24 : Egon Hartmann , German architect and urban planner († 2009 )
- September 5 : Fyodor Sakharovich Sakharov , Russian-Ukrainian painter († 1997 )
- September 8 : Maria Lassnig , Austrian painter and media artist († 2014 )
- September 14 : Irma Emmrich , German art historian († 2018 )
- September 19 : Juan Barjola , Spanish painter († 2004 )
- October 2 : Alfred Mallwitz , German building researcher and architect and archaeologist († 1986 )
- October 17 : Claus Arnold , German draftsman, caricaturist and painter († 2014 )
- October 23 : Rodrigo Arenas Betancur , Colombian writer and sculptor († 1995 )
- October 25 : Bruno Heinrich Schubert , German entrepreneur, consul and patron († 2010 )
- October 30 : Otto Heinrich Treumann , German-Dutch graphic artist († 2001 )
- December 9th : Marianne Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn , Austrian photographer
- December 12 : Giancarlo De Carlo , Italian architect († 2005 )
- December 24th : Pierre Soulages , French painter and printmaker
Exact date of birth unknown
- Lelo Cremonesi , Italian designer
- Florian Vischer , Swiss architect († 2000 )
Died
- January 20 : Josef Hötte , German fur trader and patron (* 1838 )
- January 22nd : Carl Larsson , Swedish artist (* 1853 )
- February 7th : Károly Senyei , Hungarian sculptor (* 1854 )
- February 9 : Ludwig Geiger , German-Jewish literary and art historian (* 1848 )
- March 25 : Wilhelm Lehmbruck , German sculptor (* 1881 )
- May 2 : Max Brückner , German theater painter (* 1836 )
- June 9 : Marie Helene Aarestrup , Norwegian genre, portrait and animal painter (* 1826 )
- September 4 : Franz Reber , German art historian (* 1834 )
- October 27 : Alfred Philippe Roll , French painter (* 1846 )
- December 3 : Pierre-Auguste Renoir , French impressionist painter (* 1841 )
