João do Canto e Castro
João do Canto e Castro da Silva Antunes [ ˈʒu̯ɐ̃u̯ du ˈkɐ̃tu i ˈkaʃtɾu dɐ ˈsiɫvɐ ɐ̃ˈtunɨʃ ] (born May 19, 1862 in Lisbon ; † March 14, 1934 ibid) was a Portuguese admiral and politician, from 1918 to 1919 President of the first republic in Portugal .
Life
In 1881, do Canto e Castro joined the Portuguese Navy and first attended the naval school, which he graduated in 1883. From 1887 to 1889 he served on the gunboat Zaire , whose command he was to hold at the end, and traveled to Macau , Portuguese Timor and Mozambique .
In 1892 he became district governor of Lourenço Marques, today's Maputo , but soon had to give up this post due to illness. In 1893 he was in command of the ship with which João Chagas , a journalist who would later become the first prime minister of the republic and who was exiled to the colonies for his republican ideas, was transported to Angola. He then takes over his post as governor again in Lourenço Marques and excels in defending the place against uprisings by the native African population.
Canto e Castro was then governor in Angola , again in command of a gunboat, the Diu , and head of a naval school, a post he kept after the revolution of 1910 that ended the Portuguese monarchy.
In 1918 he entered the government of Sidónio Pais as Minister of the Navy . When he was murdered on December 14, 1918, do Canto e Castro was acting as his successor. The old constitution, which was suspended by Pais, is being reinstated, and with it the separation of the offices of president and head of government, which Pais abolished. João Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa will be the new Prime Minister, while do Canto e Castro will be elected President of the Republic by the Portuguese Parliament as a non-party compromise candidate.
The approx. 300 days that Canto e Castro was in office fell during a period of extremely turbulent domestic politics. A radical democratic republican uprising broke out in Santarém , a wave of strikes paralyzed the country, parliament was divided and no longer able to form government majorities, so that Canto e Castro gave four in the short time he was in office Prime Minister had to appoint.
However, the most dangerous challenge during his tenure was a monarchist uprising under Captain de Paiva Couceiro , who proclaimed the re-establishment of the monarchy. Canto e Castro himself was an open supporter of the monarchy, but he was not ready to break his oath of office on the republican constitution, so that he was not recognized as head of state by de Paiva Couceiro and his supporters.
Due to the confused domestic political situation, Canto e Castro declared his resignation in June 1919, but Parliament could persuade him to remain in office for the time being. In October he stepped down after all, and parliament elects António José de Almeida as his successor.
After his resignation, Canto e Castro is promoted to admiral and then serves as chairman of the High Disciplinary Board of the Portuguese Navy.
João do Canto e Castro was married once and had three children.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ www.biblioteca.moptc.pt ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Sidónio Pais |
President of Portugal 1918-1919 |
Antonio José de Almeida |
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Sidónio Pais |
Prime Minister of Portugal 1918 |
João Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Canto e Castro, João do |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Antunes, João do Canto e Castro da Silva |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Portuguese admiral and president |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 19, 1862 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Lisbon |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 14, 1934 |
| Place of death | Lisbon |