Sambor II.

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Equestrian seal of Duke Sambor II. 1241 - redrawing by FA Vossberg 1854

Sambor II. (* Around 1208 ; † December 31, 1278 ) was 1220-1270 with interruptions governor, from 1227 Duke of Pommerellen in Liebschau and Dirschau . He came from the Samborid dynasty .

Life and political career

The shield seal of Duke Sambor II.

Sambor was only 12 years old when his father Mestwin I died and was under the tutelage of his brother Swantopolk . He received the Liebschau area with the castle there. Around the year 1232 he married Mathilde (Mechthildis, † after 1270), a daughter of Duke Heinrich Borwin of Mecklenburg .

Liebschau, now an insignificant village, played an important role as a double residence back then. It was also the seat of the powerful Order of St. John , who had many possessions in the country. Two country roads leading from Preussisch Stargard and Wischin to Danzig went through Liebschau. The other festival, Dirschau, was still off the beaten track at the time.

After Wartisław's death , around 1229, the brothers divided up his land among themselves. Sambor's territory comprised the later Prussian districts of Berent, Karthaus, Stargard and Dirschau and the southern part of the Danzig Werder. In 1229 the brothers Swantopolk and Sambor bequeathed the Mewer land , called "Terra Wansca", to the Oliva monastery for "consolation and salvation" for the soul of their deceased brother .

In 1233/1234 Sambor and Swantopolk took part in a campaign by the Teutonic Order against the pagan Prussians and played a decisive role in the victory in the winter battle of the concern . In the following period there were disputes between Swantopolk on the one hand and Sambor on the other hand, in which Ratibor was later drawn. It finally came to the fratricidal war (1236-1238), which culminated in 1236 in the escape of Sambor and the capture and the nominal submission of Ratibor to the supremacy of his brother in 1238. Sambor stayed in the area of ​​the Teutonic Order and after the conclusion of a preliminary peace treaty between Swantopolk and the order in 1248, he returned to the domestic duchy in 1249.

In 1242 the Teutonic Order began a long war against Swantopolk, which lasted with interruptions until 1253. It was about disputed territories and tariffs on the Vistula . Swantopolk sought military support from the Prussians who were hostile to the Teutonic Order, while the knights of the order created an anti-Swantopolk alliance in 1243 with the assistance of the dukes of Kuyavian, Mazovia and Greater Poland, as well as Swantopolk's brothers, Sambor and Ratibor. It was not until 1253, after the conclusion of a final peace treaty between the order and Swantopolk, that the brothers reconciled and Sambor got back most of its province.

After 1249, Sambor, whose relatively small territory was under the military protection of the order, devoted itself to expanding its land. In 1251 he ceded Zantir Castle, an important base and a sideline against the Pruzzen, for compensation to the order. He had a castle built on a hill on the left bank of the Vistula, which was completed in April 1252. He moved his residence here. The increasing trade on the Vistula made it worthwhile to control shipping traffic and levy customs duties. There had probably also been disputes with the Johannitern in Liebschau. At the same time, he founded the town of Dirschau near the new castle, which received the Lübische law as early as 1260 and promoted the German East Settlement by bringing German merchants and craftsmen from Lübeck , Hamburg and Braunschweig , but above all by calling German farmers into the country.

In 1258 he gave the Mecklenburg Monastery of Doberan the village of Pogutken (Pogódki) on the upper reaches of the heel to establish a Cistercian monastery for his, his ancestors and his deceased son Sobiesław salvation. The location of the monastery later turned out to be unfavorable, so that the convent therefore moved to Pelplin in 1276 . In order to provide the new monastery with ample goods, he confiscated the Mewer land, which he and Swantopolk had donated to the Oliva monastery in 1229, which was in his sphere of control. Oliva was always on the side of Swantopolk and turned to Pope Urban IV for help , who intervened unsuccessfully in 1262 for the Oliva monastery. Sambor was then excommunicated by the abbots of Usedom and Belbuck (confirmed on March 20, 1266 in Spandau by the papal legate Guido von St. Laurentii in Lucina), and his country was finally occupied with the interdict by Bishop Wolimir zu Leslau in January 1267 . This meant that apart from baptisms and funerals, no church activities were allowed. Sambor was not impressed by this and in a later ruling crisis bequeathed the land to the Teutonic Order, who immediately took possession of the land and thus also gained a foothold on the left of the Vistula. After a long process, through the mediation of Bishop Philip of Fermo as papal legate, the settlement of Militsch came about on May 18, 1282 . The order kept the Mewer land and on May 26, 1282, Abbot Johannes von Pelplin and Abbot Johannes von Oliva declared that the monastery Oliva had given half of its goods in Mewe to the German Order and that they had been compensated for them in some other way.

After Swantopolk's death in 1266, the sovereignty passed to his son Mestwin II . In a war for the inheritance, he overthrew his uncle Sambor, 1270, who fled first to Kujawien to his daughter Salome. Due to a war between Bolesław of Greater Poland and Kujawy, he fell between the fronts in 1271 and was then taken prisoner by the former. After the liberation he sought protection and military support from the Teutonic Order and in 1276 gave him the Mewe Land in Elbing . Since the order remained inactive, he went back to Kujawien and died on December 31, 1278 in Inowrocław . Before his death, he bequeathed his sovereign rights in Pomerania to his own daughters.

Marriage and offspring

A son and five daughters resulted from the marriage with Mathilde:

  • Sobiesław (Subisław, approx. 1235–1254), did not survive his father;
  • Margareta (Margarete, approx. 1230 / 1234–1282), as the wife of King Christoph, Queen of Denmark by marriage ;
  • Zwinisława (Swinisława, approx. 1240–1280), wife of Dobiesław Sądowic from the Odrowąż family ;
  • Gertruda (Gertrude, approx. 1250–1314), remained unmarried;
  • Eufemia (Eufemie, approx. 1254–1296 / 1309), as the wife of Duke Bolesław II through marriage to the Duchess of Silesia in Liegnitz ;
  • Salomea (Salome, approx. 1254 / 1257–1312 / 1314), as the wife of Duke Siemomysław by marrying the Duchess of Kujawien in Inowrocław;

See also

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Sambor II.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Pomeranian
DATE OF BIRTH around 1208
DATE OF DEATH December 31, 1278