Samborids

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The Samborids (also Sobiesławids ) were a ruling dynasty in the 12th and 13th centuries that provided the Pomeranian dukes.

The Samborids

For the first Pomeranian princes, the sources are very poor. Their names are almost only known from deeds of gift that they allegedly issued. Many of the documents that have come to us are forged for various reasons, both in terms of content and date of issue. And almost nothing is known about the external work. So there is a lot of speculation, which has led and still leads to different interpretations. In this context, some researchers translate the Latin word “princeps” as “governor”, ​​others translate it as “prince”. The origin of the Pomeranian ruling dynasty is also discussed. While the rulers of all the Polish principalities belonged to the extended Piast family, the male Samborids were indisputably not Piasts. Some researchers believe that the Polish king Bolesław III. Schiefmund , when he had subjugated Pomerania in 1116 , installed a family from the Polish hinterland as governors in Pomerania. It is pointed out that a family from the Sieradz area has the same names as the Samborids: Świętopełk, Warcisław, Mściwój. Their descendants would then have temporarily withdrawn from the Polish-Polish supremacy. Others believe that it was a local noble family. They rely on the fact that Sambor I and Mestwin I have unrestricted control over their "possessions inherited from their fathers and forefathers" in their documents, without showing any dependence on the Piastic dukes.

In 1210 the Duchy of the Samborids was invaded by Denmark . In 1227, under Duke Swantopolk II , the duchy shook off Polish sovereignty and gained full independence, which it retained until the male line of Samborids died out in 1294.

Tribe list

  1. Sobiesław I , Duke of Pomerania (ruled 1155–1187);
    1. Sambor I. , Duke of Pomerania (ruled 1187–1207);
      1. Sobiesław II. (Approx. 1207–1217 / 1223), Sambor's son under the tutelage of his uncle Mestwin I, died at a young age;
      2. Swantopolk I (approx. 1207–1227), Sambor's son under the tutelage of his uncle Mestwin I, died at a young age;
    2. Mestwin I , brother of Sambor I and Duke of Pomerania (reigned 1207-1220);
      1. Swantopolk II , Duke of Pomerania (ruled 1220–1266);
        1. Mestwin II , Duke of Pomerania (ruled 1266-1294);
          1. Katharina (approx. 1250–1312), married Duke Pribislaw I of Mecklenburg-Parchim by marriage titular Duchess of Mecklenburg-Parchim and Duchess of Pomerania in Belgard ;
          2. Eufemia (approx. 1260–1317), as the wife of Count Adolf V († 1308) by marriage to Countess von Holstein in Segeberg ;
        2. Wartisław II , Duke of Pomerania in Gdansk (ruled 1266–1271);
        3. Eufemia (approx. 1225–1270), as the wife of Prince Jaromar II through marriage to Princess of Rügen ;
        4. Jan (approx. 1230–1248), died at a young age;
      2. Wartisław I , Duke of Pomerania in Schwetz and Mewe (ruled 1220–1233);
      3. Sambor II , Duke of Pomeranian in Liebschau and Dirschau (ruled 1220–1270);
        1. Sobiesław (approx. 1235–1254), did not survive his father;
        2. Margarete Sambiria , married Christopher I of Denmark by marriage Queen of Denmark;
        3. Zwinisława (approx. 1240–1280), wife of Dobiesław Sądowic from the Odrowąż family ;
        4. Gertruda (approx. 1250–1314), remained unmarried;
        5. Eufemia (approx. 1254–1296 / 1309), as the wife of Duke Bolesław II through marriage to the Duchess of Silesia in Liegnitz ;
        6. Salomea (Salome, approx. 1254 / 1257–1312 / 1314), as the wife of Duke Siemomysław by marrying the Duchess of Kujawien in Inowrocław ;
      4. Ratibor , Duke of Pomerania in Belgard (ruled 1233–1262);
      5. Witosława (approx. 1205–1290), prioress in the Zuckau monastery;
      6. Miroslawa (approx. 1190–1233 / 1240), married Duke Bogislaw II of Pomerania by marrying Duchess of Pomerania;
      7. Hedwig (Jadwiga, approx. 1200–1249), married Duke Władysław Odon of Greater Poland by marrying Duchess of Greater Poland;

die out

With the death of Duke Mestwin II in 1294, the Pomeranian ruling house of the Samborids died out in the male line. His successor in the rule in Pomerania was initially Przemysław II , Duke of Greater Poland, who was crowned King of Poland by the Archbishop of Gniezno on June 16, 1295 , but was murdered in February 1296. This was followed by the long Pomeranian succession dispute, as a result of which in 1308 the Teutonic Order took possession of most of the duchy.

literature

  • Ernst Bahr: From the history of the Karthaus district , p. 23 ff., In Der Kreis Karthaus, a West Prussian home book , ed. Wilhelm Brauer et al., No location, 1978
  • Peter von Dusburg: Chronicle of the Prussian country . Scientific Book Society Darmstadt, Freiherr-vom-Stein-Gedächtnisausgabe, Darmstadt 1984
  • Erich Keyser: Danzig's story . Danzig 1928, Nd. Hamburg undated
  • Erich Keyser: The building history of the city of Danzig . Cologne 1972, ISBN 3-412-95972-3
  • Otto Korthals: Duke Sambor II. Von Pommerellen in West Prussia Yearbook Vol. 18, 1968, p. 8 ff.
  • Heinz Lingenberg : The beginnings of the Oliva monastery and the founding of the German city of Danzig . Klett, Stuttgart 1982
  • Friedrich Lorentz : History of the Kashubians . Berlin 1926
  • Ostrowska, R. u. Trojanowska, I., Bedeker kaszubski, Gdańsk 1978
  • Max Perlbach (Ed.): Pomeranian document book . Bertling, Danzig 1881-1916. Reprint: Scientia, Aalen 1969.
  • Gotthold Rhode : History of Poland . Darmstadt 1980, ISBN 3-534-00763-8 .
  • Bruno Schumacher : History of East and West Prussia . 7th edition. Verlag Weidlich, Würzburg 1987. Reprint of the 7th edition: Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg 1993, ISBN 3-89350-111-8 .
  • Stanisław Maroński : The tribal and political relations of Pomerania to Poland, until the end of the first Polish rule in Pomerania in 1227 . Neustadt i. W. 1866 ( Online, Google ).
  • Johann Ludwig Quandt : East Pomerania, its princes, princely state divisions and districts . In: Baltic Studies , Volume 16, Issue 1, Stettin 1856, pp. 97–156 ( Online, Google ) and Volume 16, Issue 2, Stettin 1857, pp. 41–72 ( Online, Google ).
  • The princes of East Pomerania until 1295 and their officially certified acts of government . In: Scriptores rerum Prussicarum . Volume 1, Leipzig 1861, pp. 796-805 ( Online, Google ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ James Minahan: One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups . Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000, ISBN 0-313-30984-1 , p. 375.
  2. ^ Oskar Eggert: History of Pomerania . Hamburg 1974, ISBN 3-980003-6 , p. 107.