Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury

Coat of arms of Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury

Richard Neville, jure uxoris 5th Earl of Salisbury , KG , PC (* 1400 at Raby Castle , Durham ; † December 31, 1460 ) was a leader of the Yorkists in the early days of the Wars of the Roses .

Life

Richard was the third son (tenth child) of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland , and the first child of his second wife, Joan Beaufort . The Neville estates were primarily in Durham and Yorkshire , but Kings Richard II and Henry IV of England saw the family as a useful counterbalance to the Percies' power on the Scottish border, which resulted in Ralph's 1397 title and his appointment as Lord Warden of the Marches in 1403 founded. Ralph's marriage to Joan Beaufort can be seen as further evidence of his appreciation, as she was the granddaughter of Edward III. belonged to the royal family.

If the children of Ralph's first wife had already been advantageously married into the local aristocracy, the children of Joan Beaufort could be married into much more important families. Three of Richard's sisters married English Dukes (his youngest sister became the wife of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York ), Richard himself married Alice Montacute , daughter and heiress of Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury .

The exact date of their wedding is not known, but it must have taken place before February 1421, since both were married as a couple at the coronation of Queen Catherine . At the time of the wedding it was not yet certain that they would inherit the earliest dignity, as not only Earl Thomas was still alive, but in 1424 he had married his second wife Alice Chaucer . This marriage remained childless, so that Richard Neville and Alice with Thomas Montacute's death in 1428 rose to be the new Earl and Countess of Salisbury.

From that point on, Richard Neville was regularly named as Salisbury .

family

Richard Neville had ten children with Alice Montague:

• Cecily Neville (1424–1450), ⚭ Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick ( Beauchamp (family, Worcester) )
• Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1428–1471)
• Sir Thomas Neville (around 1429-1460)
• John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu (1431-1471)
• George Neville (1432–1476), Archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor
• Joan Neville (1434–1462), ⚭ William FitzAlan, 16th Earl of Arundel ( House of FitzAlan )
• Katherine Neville (1442–1503), ⚭ (1) William Bonville, 6th Baron Harington , ⚭ (2) William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings
• Eleanor Neville (1447–1482), ⚭ Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby
• Alice Neville (around 1450–1503), ⚭ Henry FitzHugh, 6th Baron FitzHugh . They were the great-grandparents of Catherine Parr , the sixth wife of King Henry VIII.
• Margaret Neville (around 1450–1506), ⚭ John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford

literature

• James Tait: Neville, Richard (1400-1460) . In: Sidney Lee (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 40, Smith, Elder & Co., London 1894, pp. 279-283.
• Sidney J. Low, FS Pulling: The Dictionary of English History. Cassell and Company, London 1910.
• Grace Holmes: The Order of the Garter, its Knights and Stall Plates. Windsor Castle, 1984.

Web links

• Richard de Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury on thepeerage.com
• Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury at Royal Berkshire History (English)

predecessor	Office	successor
Thomas Montacute	Earl of Salisbury (de iure uxoris ) 1428-1460	Richard Neville
John Kemp	Lord Chancellor of England 1454–1455	Thomas Bourchier