Earl of Salisbury

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Earl of Salisbury is a hereditary British title of nobility , bestowed five times in the Peerage of England and named after the town of Salisbury in Wiltshire .

Awards

The title was first bestowed around 1145 to Patrick de Salisbury , who came from a Norman family . His granddaughter Ela of Salisbury , the 3rd Countess, was married to William Longespée , an illegitimate son of King Henry II , who ran the Earldom from her right. Ela survived her son William Longespée († 1250) and her grandson William Longespée († 1256/57) , leaving the title in 1260 her great-granddaughter Margaret Longespée, 4th Countess of Salisbury , with Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln was married . Since their sons died young, when Margaret and Henry died around 1310 and 1311, the titles of their daughter Alice de Lacy as 5th Countess of Salisbury and 4th Countess of Lincoln fell . Alice was first married to Thomas Plantagenet, 2nd Earl of Lancaster , a cousin of King Edward II . He led a nobility revolt against Edward II in 1321 and when he was executed for high treason in 1322, the Countess was also deprived of all her titles.

On March 13, 1337 the title was re-created in the second award for William de Montagu, 3rd Baron Montagu (also Montacute ). As early as 1319 he had inherited the title Baron Montagu, which was given to his grandfather in 1299 as Barony by writ , from his father and had been King of Mann since 1333 . On the death of his son, the 2nd Earl, in 1397, the Kingdom of Mann went to William le Scrope , the Earldom and the Barony fell to his nephew John Montagu, 4th Baron Monthermer as 3rd Earl. Already around 1390 he inherited the title of 2nd Baron Montagu from his father in 1357 and in 1395 the title of 4th Baron Monthermer created in 1309 by his mother . John was executed and stripped of his titles in 1400 for high treason, but his son Thomas Montagu managed to have the titles restored to him as 4th Earl in 1421. He inherited his only daughter Alice in 1428, whose husband Richard Neville led the Earldom from her right. Her son, Richard Neville, 6th Earl of Salisbury, was also Earl of Warwick from 1449 through his marriage to Anne Neville, 16th Countess of Warwick . When he died in 1471 without sons, the title was suspended because several possible heirs claimed the title for themselves.

King Edward IV reassigned the title on March 25, 1472 in the third award, namely together with the newly created title Earl of Warwick to his grandson George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence . 1461 this had already been raised to the Duke of Clarence . In 1478 he was executed for high treason and his titles were revoked.

His successor in the fourth award was on February 15, 1478, the then five-year-old Edward of Middleham . When his father was named Richard III in 1483 . was crowned king, he was raised as heir to the throne to Prince of Wales , Duke of Cornwall and Earl of Chester . He died as early as 1484, so that the title expired.

In 1485 the dispute over the dormant title of Richard Neville was ended. The earl title was given to Edward Plantagenet as the 7th Earl of Salisbury and 17th Earl of Warrick. He was a grandson of the 6th Earl of Salisbury on his mother's side and a son on his father's side of the 1st Duke of Clarence and Earls of Salisbury third bestowal. The confirmation of the titles can therefore also be regarded as the restoration of the third award. He, too, was executed for high treason in 1499 and his titles were revoked. His sister Margaret Pole obtained the restoration of the title in her favor in 1513, but was finally revoked in 1539 for high treason.

On May 4, 1605 of the title in the fifth ceremony for was Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cranborne , a close adviser King James I , created. He was a younger son of William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley , an important statesman in the era of Queen Elizabeth I. On August 13, 1603 he was Baron Cecil , of Essendon in the County of Rutland , and on August 20 1604 was raised to Viscount Cranborne . His great-great-great-great-grandson James Cecil, 7th Earl of Salisbury , was raised to Marquess of Salisbury in the Peerage of Great Britain on August 18, 1789 . The Eardom Salisbury and the other titles have since been subordinate titles to the respective Marquess. The future 5th Marquess, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil , was appointed to the House of Lords in 1941 by Writ of Acceleration and was given the subordinate title of his father, Baron Cecil, as 11th Baron. Likewise, the current title holder, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury , who inherited the Marques title when his father died in 2003, was appointed to the House of Lords as 13th Baron Cecil in 1992 by Writ of Acceleration. When the House of Lords Act 1999 abolished the right of hereditary peers to a seat in Parliament, he was also raised to a life peer on November 17, 1999 as Baron Gascoyne-Cecil , of Essendon in the County of Rutland , whereby he became his seat could keep in the House of Lords.

List of the Earls of Salisbury

Earls of Salisbury, first bestowed (around 1145)

Earls of Salisbury, second bestowal (1337)

Earls of Salisbury, third bestowal (1472)

Earls of Salisbury, fourth bestowal (1478)

Earls of Salisbury, fifth bestowal (1605)

Heir Apparent is the eldest son of the current title holder, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Viscount Cranborne (* 1970).

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