Joachim Scheel

Joachim Scheel , also Joachim Scheele or Joachim Scheelen , Swedish Joakim Scheel (* 1531 on Rügen ; † April 14, 1606 in Åbo ) was a Swedish Imperial Admiral of German origin and thus the only non- Swede in this highest naval office.

family

Coat of arms of the von Scheel (e)

There are different details about Joachim Scheel's family origins; some assume a bourgeois, others of noble origin. In Sweden he was later dubbed “an elderly Pomeranian nobleman”. A wife is just as little known to him as children. However, it should be noted that a Balzer Scheele owned part of his Finnish property after 1630. Its descendants later called themselves Sahrakorpi , the Finnish translation of Scheele. It is certain that Joachim Scheel's younger sister Anna (* 1535; † after 1596) became the ancestor of the von Gottberg family . There was lively contact with his nephew, the Swedish commander of Pernau and later Swedish admiral Jakob Gottberg († after 1614), as well as with the Swedish colonel Paul Gottberg († 1629). The prepositus zu Wiek , Johann Scheele (* 1525; † 1600), is also commonly referred to as his brother. From his sons, Joachim Scheele's nephews, the merchant in Greifswald and Stralsund , Martin Scheele (* 1544; † 1620) founded the Swedish-German line Schéele , which was later ennobled , the surgeon in the troops of the camp commandant Count Phillip von Hohenlohe Hendrick Scheele (* 1555) a Dutch line, the head of the church in Schaprode , Johann Scheele founded the Stralsund Council Line Scheele and finally Joachim von Scheele (* 1561; † 1629), who was the last governor of the royal castle Svartsjö , founded another noble line of Scheele .

Career

Joachim Scheel worked for a while in the French navy and soon became a captain and reputation in the merchants of Danzig . Then he left Poland and gained the favor of John III in Sweden . just like the resentment of the senior naval officers from the most influential noble families of the Swedish Empire. From 1585 he was a captain in the Swedish fleet. As such, he led the Helsinge Lejonet loaded with wood to Lisbon the same year . In 1586 he returned with success and was then until 1595 in the rank of Swedish captain. In 1595 the Westervik shipyard was subordinate to him.

In the dispute between Johann's son Sigismund, who ruled in Poland, and Johann's brother Karl IX, who ruled Sweden . he took the latter's side. Charles IX appointed him on February 12, 1596 as inspector of all royal Swedish ships, ship buildings and shipmen, which made Scheele the successor of Sigismund-loyal Reichsadmiral Clas Eriksson Fleming († 1597) in command of the Swedish fleet. With a hard hand Scheele stopped all attempts by Swedish naval officers to deliver the fleet to Sigismund.

While he was still participating in the Northern War , he took Ronneburg in Livonia for Sweden . In the command there he was immediately followed by his nephews Joachim and Paul Gottberg, mentioned above. In August 1596 he led five ships from Nyköping to Elfsnabben, and in 1597 the entire royal Swedish fleet from Stockholm to Kalmar .

On behalf of Charles IX. In August 1598 Scheele recaptured Kastelholm on the Åland Islands, which had been occupied by rebel Finnish peasants who were loyal to Sigismund, but was then stuck off Åland due to unfavorable winds and could not prevent Sigismund from landing in Kalmar . Sigismund was defeated at Stångebro in September and deposed as king.

Scheele then took part in the reconquest of Åbo in Finland, made a name for himself through ruthlessness and harshness towards the loyal nobility and was appointed Imperial Admiral (Sveriges rikes amiral) by Karl in 1599 as well as Supreme Governor of Finland and Commander-in-Chief of all people of war in Finland , however, while Sigismund at the same time appointed the noble Johan Nilsson Gyllenstierna (* 1569, † 1617) as Imperial Admiral. Gyllenstierna's attack on Älvsborg (Gothenburg) with Danish help failed, however, and he fled to Poland. Scheele handed over his naval office as Colonel Admiral or Reichsadmiral on June 11, 1602 in Stockholm to Axel Nilsson Ryning .

After that, Scheele still held his post as governor general in Finland, where he also owned extensive estates. Since July 28, 1599, he had also owned Kungsberga in Uppland . In addition to Åbo, Stockholm is also given as the place of his death.

literature

• Jan Glete: Swedish Naval Administration, 1521-1721, Resource Flows and Organizational Capabilities. Brill, Leiden 2010, p. 276 f.
• William Guthrie, Christian Gottlob Heyne , John Gray: General world history from creation to the present time. Fourth section of the sixteenth volume, Leipzig 1781, pp. 748 ff.
• Friedrich Wilhelm Alexander von Scheele: A Pomeranian nobleman as a Swedish empire admiral. In: Pommernadel, news sheet for the members of the Pomeranian regional department of the German aristocratic association. Stettin, No. 9, 1927, p. 35; No. 10, 1928
• Lars Severin: To the Scheele, Gottberg, Zuhm and Behr families. In: Sedina Archive , Family History Messages in Pomerania. Vereinigung für Stamm- und Wappenkunde, NF , Volume 12, Vol. 53, 2007, pp. 29–30
• Christian Friedrich Rühs : History of Sweden. Third part, Halle 1805, p. 525 f.
• Scheel, Joakim . In: Theodor Westrin, Ruben Gustafsson Berg (eds.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 24 : Ryssläder secretary . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1916, Sp. 973 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).

Individual evidence

1. ^ Axel Ludvig Zettersten: Svensk Flottans Historia aren 1522–1634. Stockholm 1890, p. 10 u. 26th
2. ^ Gustaf Elgenstierna : The introducerade svenska adelns ättartavlor. Vol. 6, Stockholm 1998, pp. 750-758 (No. 2059); Handbook of the Prussian Nobility. Vol. 2, Berlin 1893, p. 515.