Elisabeth Blochmann

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Elisabeth Blochmann (born April 14, 1892 in Apolda ; † January 27, 1972 in Marburg ) was an important German pedagogue and first professor of pedagogy at the Philipps University of Marburg .

Biography and work

Elisabeth Blochmann, the eldest of three daughters of a wealthy family of lawyers, received the usual schooling for girls of her class. After completing the upper lyceum in 1911 , she completed a practical year of seminars and the teacher’s examination. The young woman passed the Abitur externally, studied history, German, pedagogy, philosophy and French, first in Jena, later in Strasbourg, Marburg and Göttingen. In 1923 she received her doctorate from the historian Karl Brandi on the pamphlet Gedenke dass du Teutscher , published anonymously in the 17th century . During her studies, Elisabeth Blochmann was involved in the youth movement as a member of the Academic Freischar .

After her internship at the Weimar Grand Ducal Sophienstift , which she had attended as a school, the historian turned increasingly to social pedagogy , due to her friendship with Herman Nohl , about whom she wrote a biography in 1969. From 1923 to 1926, Elisabeth Blochmann took on a teaching position at the women's social school in Thale / Harz, which was run by Maria Keller . She then went to the renowned Pestalozzi-Fröbel-Haus (PFH) in Berlin , where social pedagogues and social workers were trained both theoretically and practically. She also taught at the Werner School of the German Red Cross and at the Central Institute for Education and Teaching .

As a lecturer at the PFH, Elisabeth Blochmann dealt intensively with Friedrich Fröbel and kindergarten education. She worked out a modern definition of the kindergarten and described it as an independent initial stage of the education system and part of “ child care ”, as an offer for all children and a special way of life for children in addition to the family. Accordingly, she also pleaded for the logical consequence of her kindergarten theory to see the job description of the kindergarten teacher as an independent and new pedagogical type that represents a self-developed way of upbringing and teaching with its own dignity . After the Second World War, Elisabeth Blochmann played a decisive role in ensuring that the educational theory of Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel found its way back into kindergartens , due to her membership in the Pestalozzi-Froebel Association (PFV) .

The high point of her professional career was her appointment in April 1930, together with Adolf Reichwein , Martin Rang and Georg Geißler , to a professorship for social education at the newly founded Pedagogical Academy Halle (Saale) . Just three years later, Blochmann was suspended from service because of her Jewish origin after the Nazi takeover of power . Her irrevocable dismissal took place in September 1933 - according to the law for the restoration of the civil service and the Aryan paragraph . She emigrated to England, where she later taught at Oxford University's Education Department . During the Second World War she was an active member of the German Education Reconstruction Committee , an association that made the necessary preparations for the rebuilding of a democratic educational system in the event of the German defeat in the war.

When a professorship for general and practical pedagogy was to be filled in Hamburg in 1949, Elisabeth Blochmann's application was rejected on the grounds that she had not received her habilitation, but a non-doctoral high school supervisor was appointed professor. In 1952 she received a call to the University of Marburg . Not only the women's world was surprised by this: That a woman was called from outside was ... 'unheard of', in the sense of unique and extremely astonishing. Elisabeth Blochmann was an exceptional professor in the intellectually tightly structured university environment in post-war Germany .

In Marburg, her academic focus was on teacher training, social pedagogy, female education and pre-school education. After her retirement in 1960, she remained active, through viewing the estate of Herman Nohl, through professorial positions in Göttingen and Marburg, through her membership (on the board since 1954) in the PFV and above all through the socio-educational working group she founded.

Blochmann and Martin Heidegger

Blochmann had an affair with Martin Heidegger , the husband of her college friend Elfride geb. Petri, who was in correspondence with her from 1917. It is probably justified to name Blochmann Heidegger's most important extra-marital relationship after Hannah Arendt (as has been known since 2005, Heidegger had an open marriage ). The Blochmann-Heidegger relationship is well documented in the edition of the correspondence.

Works (selection)

  • The kindergarten , in: Nohl, H./Pallat, L. (Ed.): Handbuch der Pädagogik. Vol. IV. , Langensalza 1928, pp. 75-90.
  • The self-employment of the child in kindergarten and after-school care center , in: Kindergarten , Jhg. 70 1930, pp. 177-180.
  • Friedrich Froebel in memory , in: Thüringer Monatsblätter , Jhg. 40 1932, pp. 54-55.
  • Friedrich Fröbel in memory , in: Die Volksschule , Jhg. 28 1932, pp. 49-54.
  • The pedagogical tact , in: Die Sammlung, Jhg. 5 1950, pp. 712-718.
  • Froebel in the present - a problem. Reflections on the Froebel year 1952 , in: Die Sammlung , vol. 8 1953, pp. 266-272.
  • The 'woman' and the 'scholarship'. A study of the beginnings of girls' schools in Germany. Heidelberg 1966.
  • Herman Nohl in the educational movement of his time, 1879–1960 , Göttingen 1969.

literature

  • Juliane Jacobi: Elisabeth Blochmann. First lady of academic pedagogy , in: Ilse Brehmer (Ed.): Motherhood as a profession? , Pfaffenweiler 1990, pp. 256-263. ISBN 3-89085-331-5
  • Wolfgang Klafki and Helmut-Gerhard Müller: Elisabeth Blochmann (1892–1972) . Verb. Repr. Of the ext. Catalog for the exhibition Elisabeth Blochmann (1892–1972). The first female professor for pedagogy at the Philipps University ', organized by the Department of Education in cooperation with the University Library of Marburg from 1. – 28. June 1992. Marburg 1992 (Writings of the University Library Marburg, 62) ISBN 3-8185-0117-3
  • Wolfgang Klafki: Elisabeth Blochmann as a reform pedagogue in Halle. In: The reform of the education system in the East-West dialogue. History, tasks, problems. Edited by Hermann Röhrs and Andreas Pehnke (= Greifswalder Studies on Educational Science, 1), Frankfurt a. M. [u. a.] 1994, pp. 133-153.
  • Elke Kleinau / Claudia Opitz (eds.): History of girls and women education. Volume 2: From March to the present , Frankfurt / New York 1996. ISBN 3-593-35413-6
  • Peter Martin Roeder : Elisabeth Blochmann , in: Neue Sammlung , Jhg. 12 1972, pp. 84-89.
  • Joachim W. Storck (Ed.): Martin Heidegger - Elisabeth Blochmann. Correspondence 1918–1969. Marbach am Neckar: German Literature Archive, 1989, 2nd edition 1990. ISBN 3-7681-9990-8
  • Karl Ernst Nipkow and Peter Martin Roeder (eds.): Festgabe for Elisabeth Blochmann. For her 70th birthday on April 14, 1962. From her colleagues and students. In: Pädagogische Rundschau , vol. 16 (1962), issue 4, pp. 243–338.
  • Peter Martin Roeder (Hrsg.): Pedagogical analyzes and reflections: Festschrift f. Elisabeth Blochmann z. 75th birthday. Weinheim and Berlin: Beltz 1967.
  • Alexander Hesse: The professors and lecturers of the Prussian educational academies (1926-1933) and colleges for teacher training (1933-1941) . Deutscher Studien-Verlag, Weinheim 1995, ISBN 3-89271-588-2 , p. 177–178 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cf. Blochmann 1928, p. 75 ff.
  2. ↑ Kleinau / Opitz 1996, p. 455
  3. ^ Martin Heidegger / Elisabeth Blochmann. Correspondence 1918–1969. Edited by Joachim W. Storck. Marbach am Neckar: German Schiller Society, 1989
personal data
SURNAME Blochmann, Elisabeth
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German educator and philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH April 14, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Apolda
DATE OF DEATH January 27, 1972
Place of death Marburg