Teodorico Borgognoni

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Teodorico Borgognoni or Theodoric von Lucca (also: Thedericus (de Borgognonibus) , Tederico dei Borgognoni , Theodoricus Cerviensis and Thiederik von Cervia ); (* 1205 in Lucca ; † December 24, 1298 in Bologna ) was a Dominican , bishop of Bitonto and Cervia and an inventive medieval surgeon .

The youngest of four brothers, he followed his father Hugo , a surgeon, to Bologna in 1214, where he probably joined the Dominican convent there at a young age. When Innocent IV appointed him personal penitentiary cannot be determined. In 1262 he was appointed Bishop of Bitonto, but probably never entered his diocese because of the conflict between the Pope and Manfred of Sicily . He seems to have stayed mostly in Lucca. Appointed Bishop of Cervia in 1266, Teodorico resided in Bologna, where he owned extensive real estate.

The first draft of his Cyrurgia seu filia principis was created during his time as a penitentiary and is dedicated to his confrere Andreas Abalate, Bishop of Valencia from 1248 to 1276 . A revision was made in 1266/1267. He also wrote a treatise on veterinary medicine: Mulomedicina , in which he used Albertus Magnus , Publius Vegetius and the court marshal of Frederick II Jordanus Ruffus with his Hippiatria , written around 1250, as templates. The treatment of hunting falcons is the subject of the De cura accipitrum treatise , and the De sublimatione arsenici treatise deals with the effects of arsenic .

Act

He taught that suppuration was not necessary for wound healing, but harmful. Instead of leaving a fresh wound open, he closed it with sutures to avoid pus. Trying to discover the ideal conditions for good wound healing, he found that they consisted of controlling bleeding, removing soiled or necrotic material, and carefully applying a dressing soaked in wine.

He was called a plagiarist by Guy de Chauliac ; possibly because he did not follow Galenus ' teachings.

With his father Hugo von Lucca , Wilhelm von Saliceto and Roland von Parma , Teodorico founded the Bolognese School of Surgery.

Sleeping sponge

The so-called sleeping sponge was used by the Salern school of medicine in the late 12th century and by Teodorico's father Ugo Borgognoni (Ugo von Lucca ) in the 13th century .

In this stunning method, a sponge was soaked in a solution of opium , mandrake , spotted hemlock and other substances and then dried and stored. Before the operation, it was moistened and held under the patient's nose to numb him.

Fonts

  • Cyrurgia Guidonis de Cauliaco et Cyrurgia Bruni, Theodorici, Rogerii, Rolandi, Bertapalie, Lanfranci . Bonetus locatellus for Octavianus Scotus, Venice 1498.
  • The surgery of Theodoric . Translated from the Latin by Eldridge Campell and James Colton. 2 volumes. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York 1955–1960.

literature

  • Max Neuburger : History of Medicine. Enke, Stuttgart 1911, Volume II, pp. 378–379: Theoderich von Lucca (digitized version)
  • A. Alecci:  Borgognoni, Teodorico. In: Alberto M. Ghisalberti (Ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 12:  Bonfadini – Borrello. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1970.
  • Norbert Kamp : Church and monarchy in the Staufer Kingdom of Sicily. I: Prosopographical foundation: dioceses and bishops of the kingdom 1194–1266 , part II [Münstersche Mittelalter-Schriften, 10.I, 2], Munich 1975, pp. 613–618.
  • Gundolf Keil : Spongia somnifera. Medieval milestones on the way to general and local anesthesia. In: The anesthesiologist. Volume 38, 1989, pp. 643-648.
  • Gundolf Keil: Tederico dei Borgognoni (Thiederik von Cervia), Ordo Praedicatorum. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1380.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gundolf Keil: Ruffus, Jordanus (Giordano Ruffo [Russo, Risso, Rusto, Rufo], Jourdain Ruf). In: Author's Lexicon . 2nd ed., Volume 8, Col. 377 f.
  2. ↑ Ernst Kern : Seeing - Thinking - Acting of a surgeon in the 20th century. ecomed, Landsberg am Lech 2000, ISBN 3-609-20149-5 , p. 251.
personal data
SURNAME Borgognoni, Teodorico
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Thedericus de Borgognonibus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dominican, Bishop of Cervia and doctor
DATE OF BIRTH 1205
PLACE OF BIRTH Lucca
DATE OF DEATH December 24, 1298
Place of death Bologna