St. Zeno Monastery (Bad Reichenhall)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
St. Zeno Monastery

The Sankt Zeno Monastery is a former monastery of the Augustinian Canons in Bad Reichenhall in Bavaria . It belongs to the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising .

history

The starting point of the St. Zeno Monastery was probably a monk's cell founded around the year 803 by the Salzburg Archbishop Arno . According to legend, it was founded by Emperor Charlemagne . A Benedictine monastery is believed to have existed from the 8th to 9th century, and St. Zeno was a collegiate monastery in the 11th century . In 1136 it was re-established as the monastery of the Augustinian Canons by Salzburg Archbishop Konrad I von Abensberg , as can be seen from the foundation deed dated April 5th. However, it can be assumed that the rule of St. Augustine was introduced as early as 1123 . The main task of the Augustinian Canons was pastoral care. Since the 12th century, all churches in the Reichenhall Valley and the parishes in the Pillerseetal, Kössen and Kirchdorf in Tyrol, Inzell and Reit im Winkl have been under St. Zeno . From the 14th century, Unken and St. Martin near Lofer im Pinzgau and Petting am Waginger See were added. Of the 20 to 30 canons, around half did not live in the monastery, but were employed as pastors in the parishes mentioned.

Until the 16th century, the monastery had its own brewing pans at the Reichenhaller Saline as well as the necessary forests (firewood). The brew pans were the monastery’s greatest source of income. The property also had its own vineyard near Krems in the Wachau. The wine produced there was drunk in the monastery itself and served by the monastery host . From 1720 (until 1803) the canons brewed beer for their own use, which could also be served in the subordinate parishes. The (unauthorized) sale of the beer to Reichenhaller hosts led to conflicts with the Reichenhaller brewers. The monastery experienced an upswing in the Baroque period, when it became an important cultural center in the Reichenhall Valley. Above all, music and writing were promoted. Mention should be made of the composer Joseph Joachim Benedikt Münster and the theologian and enlightener Benedikt Poiger . In the course of secularization , the monastery was dissolved in 1803. The monastery church became a parish church and the monastery buildings were initially privately owned. In 1821 the diocesan borders were brought into line with the national borders. The area east of the Inn , which until then had belonged to the archbishopric of Salzburg , fell under the jurisdiction of the diocese of Munich and Freising . In 1852 the Order of the English Misses took over the building and still operates a (private) secondary school there. The same community that has formed around the monastery, was born on December 1, 1905 to Bad Reichenhall (main part) and Gmain incorporated.

Row of provosts

source

  1. Lanzo, 1136-1146
  2. Henry I, 1146, 1152
  3. Adalbert
  4. Dietmar, 1158, 1161
  5. Adalhart I., 1169
  6. Adalhart II, around 1187
  7. Wichmann, 1195
  8. Conrad I., 1197, 1203
  9. Eberhard
  10. Pabo, 1212
  11. Heinrich II., Around 1215
  12. Rudolf
  13. Otto I., 1223
  14. Conrad II., Around 1225
  15. Luitold
  16. Ruger
  17. Hugo
  18. Dietrich, 1238, 1239
  19. Pilgrim, 1247, 1277
  20. Conrad III.
  21. Friedrich, 1308, † 1325
  22. Henry II
  23. Otto II., 1339, † 1344
  24. Ulrich Puchmayr, 1346, 1349
  25. Conrad IV., † 1350
  26. Christian Pauchräwtel, 1350-1390
  27. Otto III. Hegler, 1399, † 1412
  28. Conrad V. Reinswedel, 1412-1430
  29. Paul I. Scheydögger, 1430-1432
  30. Johann I. Kolb, 1432
  31. Johann II. Brunnleitner, 1449, 1466
  32. Johann III. Weinfelder, † 1481
  33. Ludwig Ebner, 1481–1497, received the pontificals in 1483
  34. Johann IV. Pentecker, 1497–1505
  35. Oswald Verg, 1505-1515
  36. Wolfgang I. Lueger, 1515-1526
  37. Paul II Rothofer, 1526–1553
  38. Erasmus Siebenweckh, 1553–1559
  39. Andreas Haertl, 1559–1562
  40. Wolfgang Neuhauser, 1562–1592
  41. Melchior Donauer, 1592–1598
  42. Leonhard Baur, 1598–1613
  43. Georg I. Berreuter, 1613-1615
  44. George II Reitmeyr, 1615-1622
    Christoph Ligsalz, 1622–1628 administrator
  45. Bernhard I. Fischer, 1628–1658
  46. Bernhard II. Rottenwalder, 1658–1696
  47. Joseph Ertl, 1696–1698
  48. Johann IV. Copeindl, 1698–1705
  49. Sigmund Freiherr von Lasser, 1705–1718
    P. Floridus and P. Mansuetus, 1718-1720 administrators
  50. Floridus I. Penker, 1720-1757
  51. Liberatus Wintersteller, 1757–1775
  52. Floridus II. Kaltenhauser, 1775–1782
  53. Bernhard III. Elixhauser, 1782–1801
    Hausmann, 1801–1803 as a special commissioner

The Church of St. Zeno

The Reichenhall valley basin and with it its salt springs have been threatened by floods from time immemorial. This justifies the choice of St. Zeno as church patron, who was considered the patron saint against floods. It can be assumed that the first dedicated to St. Zeno consecrated church. It was demolished in the first half of the 12th century due to its disrepair and a Romanesque basilica of considerable size was built in its place , which was ceremoniously consecrated in 1228. This is why the St. Zeno Minster is the largest Romanesque church in Upper Bavaria . However, this building was changed in the course of the following centuries, which is why the Romanesque character has disappeared apart from a few indications.

The first major change took place after a fire on July 5, 1512. The crypt was abandoned and the Gothic ribbed vault was erected, which made the upper aisle of the Romanesque basilica disappear, creating today's hall-like space. The choir stalls , the pulpit and the baptismal font also date from the time of the reconstruction . The re-consecration took place on June 15 and 16, 1520. On this occasion 15 altars were consecrated, which a century later were replaced by valuable Baroque altars as part of a baroque redesign. In the 18th century the Gothic ribs of the vault were chipped off and replaced with stucco decorations . After another fire in 1789 and the secularization in 1803, the baroque altars were sold and the stucco was removed in order to “purify” the church or to restore it to an “original medieval state”.

The current painting of parts of the church with frescoes and the furnishing with various restored or bought-back art treasures date mainly from the years 1933 to 1942.

In the 1980s and 1990s, the structure of the cathedral was extensively renovated. It is thanks to the commitment of Anton Schmidberger from Reichenhall that the necessary stabilizing anchors for the vaults were attached above and not, as he said, "like a laundry hanger" visible within the church.

Monastery building

The buildings of the monastery, in part used by the Archbishop's Maria Ward Realschule, a former secondary school for girls, have been extensively restored since 2005. The chapter house with its Romanesque vault is particularly remarkable here. The regional Untersberg marble is found throughout the complex , be it as a material for reliefs or as a floor covering.

Cloister

Cloister

The cloister of the monastery was built in the Romanesque style at the end of the 12th century. Originally it was equipped with a flat wooden ceiling, which was replaced in the second half of the 14th century by a Gothic ribbed vault with individually designed keystones . Nevertheless, essential parts of the Romanesque cloister have been preserved, in addition to the 60 to 100 cm thick walls, among other things, two-part window arcades, columns with foliage capitals and wickerwork ornamentation, two portals made of Untersberg and Adneter marble and the gate to the former chapter house. In the middle of the western wing, on the corner of a window pillar, there is a stone block in which a relief of the emperor Barbarossa is carved. After the secularization , the north wing of the cloister was left to decay, which is why it had to be demolished in the middle of the 19th century. Numerous epitaphs have been set into the floor of the cloister , most of them dating from around 1400.

The restored cloister can be viewed on guided tours.

literature

  • Walter Brugger : St. Zeno Bad Reichenhall. Art Guide No. 157, 3rd, revised edition. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-7954-4162-3 .
  • Sister M. Mercede Krappmann IBMV: Art guide through the cloister of the former Augustinian canons of St. Zeno Bad Reichenhall . Published by the Förderverein Kreuzgang St. Zeno eV, Bad Reichenhall 2006.
  • Josef Otter, Engelbert Maximilian Buxbaum, Fritz Hofmann , Franz Dietheuer, Hubert Vogel: Church and parish of St. Zeno through the centuries (1136-1986) . Self-published by the rectory, Bad Reichenhall 1986.
  • Johannes Lang : St. Zeno in Reichenhall. History of the Augustinian Canons from its founding to secularization . Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 2009. ISBN 978-3-7696-6878-0 .
  • Johannes Lang: The Archdiocese of Salzburg 2: The Augustinian Canons of St. Zeno in Reichenhall (= Germania Sacra. Third episode, volume 9). Edited on behalf of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences. De Gruyter Academy Research, Berlin 2015. ISBN 978-3-11-030538-8 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Monastery of St. Zeno  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Michael Hartig: Die Oberbayerischen Stifts , Volume I: The Benedictine, Cistercian and Augustinian canons . Publisher vorm. G. J. Manz, Munich 1935, DNB 560552157 , p. 229 f.
  2. ↑ Maria Ward Realschule St. Zeno Bad Reichenhall
  3. ↑ See Knut Görich : The Barbarossa relief in the cloister of St. Zeno in Bad Reichenhall. In: Knut Görich, Romedio Schmitz-Esser (ed.): BarbarossaBilder - origins, horizons of expectation and contexts of use. Regensburg 2014, pp. 222-237.

Coordinates: 47 ° 43 '53.5 "  N , 12 ° 53' 18.8"  E