Matthew on the streets
Matthäus an der Gassen (* around 1300 in Dorf Tirol ; † October 27, 1363 in Brixen ) was Prince-Bishop of the Diocese of Brixen from 1336 to 1363 .
He is also called Matthäus Konzmann or Matthäus Andergassen .
biography
origin
Matthäus comes from the family of the lords of the lords of Tyrol , who were ministerials of the Counts of Tyrol and had their residence in Tyrol above Meran . Matthäus's parents were Heinrich an der Gassen zu Tirol and his wife Diemut. Heinrich had seven children: Diemut (married to Ageman von Montani), Heinrich (judge to Salern, married to Sophie), Jakob von Tramin (castle keeper on Salern), Dietrich (judge and burgrave of Salern, judge to Niedervintl and Pfunders) , Johann, Konzmann or Chunzman (city judge zu Matrei, married to Agnes), after whose first name in older historiography Matthäus' surname was formed and Matthäus himself. Some of his siblings were still sealed with the seal of Mr. von Auer.
Career
Charles IV , the Bohemian King and later Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire ensured that the Brixen Cathedral Chapter elected Matthew an der Gassen as the new Prince-Bishop of Brixen on November 20, 1336. A document has been preserved about this election, which reports for the first time about a Brixen bishopric election. Charles IV first made Matthäus the canon of Brixen , pastor of Imst and chaplain of his younger brother Johann Heinrich at Tyrol Castle . Johann was married to Margarete , the daughter and heiress of the Prince of Tyrol ( Heinrich von Kärnten 1265–1335), from 1330 .
At the request of Johann and Charles, An der Gassen was appointed bishop. On November 23, 1336, the Archbishop of Salzburg , Friedrich III. von Leibnitz the episcopal ordination ; Matthew remained in this office until his death. Matthäus an der Gassen is described as a very flexible and adaptable prince-bishop.
Expulsion of Johann Heinrich and the new Tyrolean Count Ludwig
After Johann Heinrich von Luxemburg had been expelled from Tyrol in 1341 and Ludwig IV the Bavarian (1314-1347) had induced Margarethe von Tirol in 1342 to marry his son Ludwig V the Brandenburger , Pope Clement IV (1342-1352 ) about the couple's excommunication and about the state of Tyrol the interdict . When war broke out between the Luxemburgers and Wittelsbachers , Prince-Bishop Matthäus exercised wise restraint. Ultimately, however, if he did not want to be chased away like the then Prince-Bishop of Trento , Nikolaus von Brünn (1338–1347), he had to connect with the exiled sovereign Ludwig.
On December 17, 1350, Matthew was appointed cardinal . However, he did not accept this appointment. In 1353 a peace treaty was signed between Ludwig V and Brixen, the Principality of Brixen was now formally part of the County of Tyrol.
The appearance of the Habsburgs
Albrecht II (1338–1358) brokered the reconciliation of Ludwig and Margaret with the church shortly before his death. In 1359 the interdict over the state of Tyrol was also repealed. After Margarethe, whose husband and son died in 1361, had transferred Tyrol to the Habsburg Rudolf IV (1358-1365) in gratitude for the services rendered in the same year , Prince-Bishop Matthäus also sided with the Habsburgs and enfeoffed Rudolf IV. with the episcopal counties. When the regent Margaret of Tyrol joined the Habsburg Rudolf IV in 1363, Bishop Matthäus also switched from the Wittelsbach party to the Habsburgs.
Last years and death
Matthäus, who managed to acquire several goods in the Thurn an der Gader court , also acquired Gernstein Castle near Latzfons above Klausen, including the court. In 1350, Matthäus argued with Jakob von Avoscano about the Andraz Castle . Prince-Bishop Matthäus an der Gassen von Tirol, who left behind a mountain of debt of 4,000 guilders and was even threatened with censorship for failing to pay papal tax money, died on October 27, 1363. He was buried in Brixen Cathedral , his epitaph is on the northern one Outside of the cross arm of the cathedral, at the old cemetery in Brixen. The tombstone is dismembered.
swell
- Burglehener, Matthias : Tyrolean eagle. 1610-1639
- Brandis, Franz Adam: The Tyrolean Evergreen Ehren-Kräntzel Botzen 1678
- Südtiroler Burgeninstitut [Ed.]: South Tyrolean castle map, with castle guide and detailed maps. Bolzano 1995.
literature
- Sparber, Anselm: The Brixen Prince-Bishops in the Middle Ages. Bolzano 1968.
- Weingartner Josef ; Hörmann-Weingartner, Magdalena: The castles of Tyrol. A guide to castles through North, East and South Tyrol. 3rd edition, Innsbruck [u. a.] 1981.
- Gelmi, Josef : The Bishops of Brixen in the history of Tyrol. Bolzano 1984.
- Exhib.Cat .: A Prince's Dream. Dorf Tirol 1995.
- Andergassen, Leo : The tombstone of the Brixen Prince-Bishop Matthäus an der Gassen. In: Unterwurzacher, Michael [ed.]: Sterzinger marble. About the properties and cultural history of the famous South Tyrolean marble from the Ratschings and Ridnaun valleys. Innsbruck: University, 2015. pp. 161–173
- Wilhelm Baum: Matthew on the streets. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , p. 392 ( digitized version ).
Web links
- Alleys, Matthew on the. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed December 3, 2016.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Albert von Enn |
Bishop of Brixen 1336–1363 |
Lamprecht von Brunn |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Matthew on the streets |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Prince-Bishop of Brixen |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1300 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Dorf Tirol |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 27, 1363 |
| Place of death | Brixen |