Altrei

Altrei
(Italian: Anterivo )
coat of arms	map
State :	Italy
Region :	Trentino-South Tyrol
Province :	Bolzano - South Tyrol
District community :	Überetsch-Unterland
Inhabitants : (VZ 2011 / 31.12.2019)	384/395
Language groups : (according to 2011 census )	87.80% German 12.20% Italian 0.00% Ladin
Coordinates	46 ° 17 ′  N , 11 ° 22 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 17 ′  N , 11 ° 22 ′  E
Altitude :	787– 1635  m slm (center: 1209  m slm )
Surface:	11.05 km²
Permanent settlement area:	1.7 km²
Parliamentary groups :	Exactly, Guggal
Neighboring municipalities:	Capriana (TN), Castello-Molina di Fiemme (TN), Truden (BZ), Valfloriana (TN), Ville di Fiemme (TN)
Postal code :	39040
Area code :	0471
ISTAT number:	021003
Tax number:	80009950215
Mayor  (2015):	Gustav Mattivi ( SVP )

Altrei ([ alˈtraɪ̯ ]; Italian Anterivo ) is an Italian municipality with 395 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in South Tyrol . It is located in the Fiemme Valley about the same distance from Bolzano and Trento . Altrei is the only German-speaking municipality in the Fiemme Valley that is otherwise Italian-speaking and belongs to the Trentino .

geography

View of Altrei looking south

The municipality of Altrei is located in the south of South Tyrol and protrudes as a spur into the Val di Fiemme, which otherwise belongs to Trentino . The settlement areas are located on a low mountain range of the Fiemme Valley Alps . From South Tyrol, Altrei can only be reached by public road traffic via the San-Lugano-Sattel and further on via Trentino territory, which makes the municipality a functional exclave .

The capital of the municipality, Altrei, is on 1200- 1250  m slm ; besides, there are still the two small fractions Eben (1120- 1130  m ) and guggal (1160- 1200  m ).

The municipal area of ​​11.05 km² is largely protected in the Trudner Horn Nature Park . It only borders in the north - on a wooded ridge of the ridge that separates the Fiemme Valley from the Adige Valley - on a South Tyrolean municipality, namely Truden . Otherwise, Altrei is surrounded by the Trentino municipalities of Capriana , Valfloriana , Castello-Molina di Fiemme and Ville di Fiemme . In the south, the municipal area on the Fleims valley floor reaches the Avisio and Stramentizzo reservoirs .

In terms of regional history , Altrei is sometimes assigned to the Unterland-Berg area , and accordingly the municipality belongs to the Überetsch-Unterland district community .

history

Timetable

Altrei is first mentioned as a settlement on July 24, 1321. At that time, the Prince of Tyrol, Duke Heinrich of Carinthia , granted the Gottschalk (Gotschalk or Gotschlin) of Bozen, his guardian of the Enn jurisdiction , the right to ten farms in the county of Fleims in the Antereu area ... inter Cauerlon et Castel clear and continue to exercise jurisdiction over their builders. Since the entire Fiemme Valley, which was otherwise politically subordinate to the bishopric of Trento , was occupied by the Tyrolean sovereigns, Duke Heinrich was able to make such an order. Gottschalk probably brought in the builders for the new farms in Antereu from another area of ​​German Tyrol. The opinion expressed by earlier historians that Ancient Rome was settled by Lombards who had retained their Germanic language at the beginning of the Middle Ages is therefore hardly correct.

Since 1400 "Altrew" is written in German records, in Latin "Anterivum" or "Altaripa". In the land register of the County of Tyrol from 1406, fol. 200, as an accessory to the box (of the land registry) zu Enn for Altrew, a whole series of court, field and epithets German language roots and formations are cited and also in the special land register of the Enn lordship from 1610. Documents are entirely in German for the people from Altrei have been continuously included in the technical books of the Enn or Neumarkt court since 1524, in separate sections together with the documents for the community of Aldein.

A description of the borders of the municipality Altrei from the 16th century, which is written in German, names the following locations: Sariolpach, Evespach ( Avisio ), Valgasserpach, Caverlan (Capriana), Hukender Stein, Horn, Zys, Campen.

In 1779, Empress Maria Theresa, as princess of Tyrol, swapped territory with the Bishop of Trento. She gave him the municipality of Altrei and the court of Castel in the Fiemme Valley, which had previously belonged directly to Tyrol, and in return received the more valuable area of ​​the Tramin market in the Adige Valley. When, in 1803, the ecclesiastical principality of Trento was abolished like all the others in the Roman-German Empire, its territory and thus also the Fiemme Valley were directly united with the province of Tyrol as a separate judicial district of Cavalese within the district of Trento.

Altrei had its own court, but it was not allowed to decide about life and death. The old court house still exists today, it is at Gottschalkstrasse No. 4, a low square tower gives it something of the appearance of a residence . It is the farm on site, which is owned by the Werth family today.

In the country descriptions and statistics of the 19th and 20th centuries it is always noted that Altrei is a German-speaking community, so in 1910 Altrei had 405 inhabitants with German and 22 inhabitants with Italian colloquial language. During the Landwehr mobilization on the occasion of the wars of 1848, 1859 and 1866, the riflemen of Altrei and those of the Neumarkt court moved out because they felt more closely connected with them, as did the big national celebration on Bergisel in 1909. The German Tyrolean side often suggested around 1900 To separate Altrei from the Cavalese district and to assign it to the Neumarkt court, Bozen district. Only the Imperial and Royal Lieutenancy in Innsbruck could not take this step. Only when the constituencies for the Austrian Reichsrat and the Tyrolean Landtag were redesigned in 1907 and 1914, Altrei was allocated to the southernmost German-Tyrolean constituency, as were the German communities on the Upper Nonsberg .

Johann Baptist Zwerger was born there in 1824 from a family resident in Altrei since ancient times ; he was a clergyman, professor at the seminary in Trient, in 1863 vicar general for the German part of the diocese of Trento and in 1867 prince-bishop of Seckau (Graz), where he died in 1893.

The parish church of St. Catherine

From an ecclesiastical point of view, Altrei used to belong to the Cavalese parish; When in 1693 own curates were installed in Altrei, these were almost exclusively those with German family names. In the yearbooks of the Jesuit mission in Tyrol from 1720 to 1740 it is emphasized that these fathers preached in German in Altrei and in Italian in the rest of the Fiemme Valley. In the church and school in Altrei, German was always used as the language of preaching and teaching, as was the official language in the community. In 1858, the parishes of Altrei and Truden asked Archduke Karl Ludwig, the governor of Tyrol at the time, to restrain the state district office in Cavalese from issuing decrees and other official documents to them only in German. The Lieutenancy agreed to this request, but the offices in Cavalese and Trento, which were mostly run by Italians, tried again and again to circumvent this provision, which protected and emphasized the German character of Altrei.

Until the end of the First World War, Altrei belonged to the county of Tyrol and thus to Austria-Hungary . With the Treaty of Saint-Germain , Altrei came to Italy in 1920, along with most of Tyrol south of the main Alpine ridge . In the fascist era , from 1923, the German language of instruction, as everywhere in South Tyrol, was replaced by the Italian (although the Italian census of 1921 could only give nine Italians for Altrei out of 402 inhabitants), but it has been since 1946 back in full force.

During fascism, from January 1926 to September 8, 1943, the municipality of Altrei was only a fraction of the municipality of Capriana (Province of Trento) - assigned to the municipality of Capriana with royal decree no. 1689 of September 11, 1925. Within the National Socialist operational zone of the Alpine foothills was Altrei of 8 September 1943 to 30 May 1945 an independent municipality of the province of Bolzano. From May 30, 1945 to May 6, 1947, Altrei was again a fraction of the municipality of Capriana (Province of Trento). With “Decreto Legislativo” No. 446 of May 6, 1947, Altrei was again an independent municipality, but still assigned to the province of Trento. With the constitutional law No. 5 of February 28, 1948 (Legal Gazette of the Republic of Italy of March 13, 1948), which came into force on March 14, 1948, Altrei was then assigned to the province of Bozen or South Tyrol. According to the 1951 state census, Altrei had 435 inhabitants.

Under the fascist regime, some German family names were “ Italianized ”, the Gschnell family officially called themselves “Casinelli”, Markio became “Marchio”, Felizett became Felicetti and others. a. m. The baptismal names were also "Italianized" and in the official documents of this time almost only the Italian spelling appears on z. B. Francesco for Franz, Margherita for Margarethe, Giovanni for Johann, Ildegarda for Hildegard etc. Later, upon request, the original spelling of the names could be reintroduced, which most families did.

It is certainly also interesting that at the time when Altrei was only a fraction of Capriana, the registry office documents were also kept by the municipality of Capriana. For this reason, in the official documents of many Altrei, “Capriana” appears as the place of birth, although they were born in Altrei.

Altreier coffee

Ripened Altreier lupine bean

The Altreier “coffee bean” comes from a plant that is neither coffee nor bean: For decades, a lupine - Lupinus pilosus - provided a coffee substitute that was drunk mixed with barley or wheat. This mixture is called Altreier coffee and is a local specialty, both botanically and from the perspective of South Tyrolean cultural history. The revival of this rarity was the aim of a project that was carried out together with over 30 people from Altrei in 2006.

Origin and development of place names

Altrei : 1321 Antereu, 1406 Altrew, 1423 Anterew, 1460 Anterui, 1475 Altreu, 1600 Althreu, 1817 Antrivo, 1885 Altrei / Anterivo - dialect Fåltrúi ([au] f Altrei), formed from the Romanesque ANTE + RIU (subsidiary form of RIVU) “In front of the stream”, here on the other side of the stream. The IU coincided with Middle High German "iu" from the Germanic "eu" and according to German law it developed into dialect "ui". The preservation of the pre-German accent indicates a Germanization only after the turn of the millennium. The F of the dialect sound is the added circumstance word by merging "on" with the name.

Guggal : 1406 hof Kukal, 1463 Wolfl de Gugkal, 1885 Guggal, 1923 Guggal, 1940 Guggal (does not appear in Reg.decr. 800 and in Tolomei's Prontuario) - dialect Gguggål: office Latin -alis derivation from the nickname Gugg, Gugger "Kuckuck "; Guggal (is), belonging to the Gugg.

Eben : 1410 hof in der Eben, no other older writings are available; 1885 Eben, 1923 Eben (does not appear in Reg. Decr. 800), 1940 Eben (does not appear in Tolomei's Prontuario) - in dialect Ebn meaning: “on the plane”. From the dative plural form, planes with the Old Bavarian legal drop-off of -en; German place name normal ending as in Stegen, although there is only one footbridge, Platten, although the settlement named in this way is only on one plate, etc.

education

In Altrei there is a German-speaking primary school that is part of the school district of the municipality of Auer in the Unterland.

Attractions

See also : List of architectural monuments in Altrei  and List of natural monuments in Altrei

economy

View from Altrei to the Trudner Horn , the namesake of the Trudner Horn Nature Park

Altrei is away from major traffic flows, but has no pronounced emigration problem. Agriculture still plays an important role in the economy, although tourism has also been hesitant. Altrei lies in the area of ​​the Trudner Horn Nature Park , from which the municipality expects impulses for the further development of gentle tourism .

politics

mayor

Mayor since 1948:

• Matthias Varesco: 1948–1956
• Franz Zwerger: 1956–1974
• Franz Josef Marchio: 1974–1990
• Paul-Josef Amort: 1990-2000
• Hartwig Lochmann: 2000–2015
• Gustav Mattivi: since 2015

coat of arms

Blazon: shield divided, divided into five fields each at the top and bottom, alternating with black and silver. The ten fields of the coat of arms indicate the foundation of the place. In 1321, the judge and curator of Enn, Gotschalk (Gottschalk) von Bozen, had the ten courtyards of Altrei laid out with the permission of the sovereign.

Personalities

• Johann Baptist Zwerger (1824–1893), Prince-Bishop of Seckau 1867–1893

literature

• Heinz Abram: Heimatbuch Altrei . Altrei 2006, ISBN 88-8300-030-7 ( online )

Web links

Commons : Altrei  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Altrei municipality
• Landscape plan of the municipality of Altrei . Office for Landscape Ecology, Autonomous Province of Bolzano - South Tyrol (PDF file)
• Entry in the Tirol Atlas of the Institute for Geography at the University of Innsbruck

Individual evidence

1. ^ Franz Huter : Archive reports from Altrei and Truden. In: Publications of the Museum Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck 8, 1928, p. 121ff.
2. ^ Trient State Archives, Archives of the Hochstift Trient, Akten II, 2 (Fleims).
3. ↑ Max Gonnermann: The lupine seeds as a coffee substitute. In: Chemiker Zeitung. Volume 73, 1918, p. 296.
4. ↑ School district Auer. South Tyrolean Citizens' Network , accessed on October 26, 2014 . 
5. ↑ Altrei in the Tirol Atlas of the Institute for Geography at the University of Innsbruck , accessed on February 21, 2014
6. ↑ Autonomous Province of Bolzano - South Tyrol | Nature, Landscape and Spatial Development Department: Trudner Horn Nature Park
7. ↑ The mayors of the South Tyrolean municipalities since 1952. (PDF; 15 MB) In: Festschrift 50 Years of the South Tyrolean Association of Municipalities 1954–2004. Association of South Tyrolean municipalities, pp. 139–159 , accessed on November 16, 2015 . 
8. ↑ Heraldry of the World: Altrei - Anterivo ( Memento of the original from August 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)