Ewin

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Ewin (also Euin, Evin, Eoin ; † January 595 ) was from 569 to 595 the first Longobard dux (duke) of Tridentum ( Trient ).

Life

Nothing is known about Ewin's origins and youth. From 568 he took part in the conquest of "Italy" under Alboin and was appointed by him in 569 as dux of Tridentum . His sphere of influence included the present-day region of Trentino-South Tyrol .

When King Cleph died in 574, the dukes, in view of their experience with Cleph, who had aspired to a strong kingship, decided not to elect a new king, so that a ten-year interregnum came about, during which the rule of the 35 duces was exercised, whose influence in this one Time increased sharply. Other cities and regions were conquered. The Romanesque population was suppressed more strongly than before during this time, the local Roman upper class was killed or made tribute.

Around 577 the Franconian kings Guntram I and Childebert II attacked northern Italy. The fortress Anagnis (Nano), north of Trento, surrendered, whereupon the Longobard comes (Count) Ragilo von Lagaris ( it. Vallagarina / dt. Lagerthal ) attacked and plundered the city. When he withdrew with the booty, he was overtaken by the Frankish military leader Chramnichis on the Rotaliana plain at the confluence of the Noce and Adige rivers and defeated. Chramnichis plundered through the Trentino until Ewin caught up with him at Salurnis ( Salurn ), drove up the Franconian contingent and seized their booty. He then drove the other Frankish troops out of his ducat.

Soon afterwards Ewin married a daughter of Duke Garibald I of Bavaria and the Walderada , the daughter of the Longobard King Wacho, unknown by name , and thus founded a Longobard-Bavarian alliance against the Franks.

When Italy was threatened by a Frankish - Byzantine alliance between Childebert II and Maurikios , the Lombards elected Authari as king in 584 . King Authari sent Ewin with an army to Byzantine Istria in 587 . Ewin looted and pillaged the region before making a year-long peace and returning to Authari with a large tribute payment .

When Garibald was threatened by Childebert in 589, he sent his children Gundoald and Theudelinde to Italy to live with their brother-in-law Ewin von Trient. On May 15, 589, King Authari married Theodelinde on the Sardisfeld near Verona .

Childebert II attacked the Longobard Empire in 590 with 20 duces . Part of the army under Cedinus (also Chedinus) and thirteen other duces invaded Ewin's duchy from the northeast. Five castella (smaller fortifications) and the castra (larger fortifications, "castles") Tesana (Tiseno), Maletum (Malè or Mölten ), Sermiana (Sirmian), Appianum (high Eppan), Fagitana (Faedo), Cimbra (Cembra), Vitianum ( Vezzano ), Bremtonicum (Brentonico), Volaenes (Volano), Ennemase ( Neumarkt ), two fortifications in Alsuca ( Valsugana ) and one in Verona were conquered. The inhabitants were kidnapped as prisoners, but the bishops Ingenuinus of Savio ( Säben ) and Agnellus of Tridentum (Trient) managed to buy the inhabitants of Ferrugis (Verruca) free for a ransom. When the dysentery broke out in the army of the Franks , they withdrew. A letter from the Byzantine exarch Romanus to Childebert shows that the Lombards withdrew to their fortified cities until Cedinus made a 10-month peace and retreated across the Alps.

King Authari died that same year and Agilulf married his widow Theudelinde, Ewin's sister-in-law. In May 591 Agilulf was crowned king and relaxed relations with the Frankish Empire by Ewin signing a peace treaty; Bishop Agnellus of Tridentum (Trent), through the mediation of Queen Brunichild of Austrasia, managed to buy some prisoners from the last war free.

Ewin died in January 595 and Gaidoald succeeded him as dux Tridentorum .

swell

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Historia Langobardorum  - Sources and full texts (Latin)
Wikisource: Historiae  - Sources and full texts (Latin)

Individual evidence

  1. a b Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum II, chap. 32. See Menghin (1985), pp. 103f.
  2. Muratori Annales, Vol. III, p. 498. However, the year is uncertain, see Ludo Moritz Hartmann : Geschichte Italiens im Mittelalter II, 1. 81; Thomas Hodgkin: Italy and her Invaders VI, 27; V, 227 (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1895) generally dated between 574 and 584
  3. Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum III, chap. 9
  4. Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum III, chap. 10
  5. Sigmund Ritter von Riezler:  Garibald I. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1878, p. 371 f.
  6. Lexicon of the Middle Ages. Volume IV, Sp. 1116, ISBN 3-4235-9057-2 .
  7. Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum III, chap. 27
  8. ^ Sigmund Ritter von Riezler:  Theodelinde . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 37, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1894, pp. 687-689.
  9. ^ A b Gregory of Tours, Historiae X, 3
  10. Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum III, chap. 31
  11. ^ Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum IV, chap. 1
  12. ^ Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum IV, chap. 10