Castello del Buonconsiglio

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Castello del Buonconsiglio
20110727 Trento Buonconsiglio Castle 6609.jpg
Creation time : 12-18 century
Castle type : Niederungsburg
Conservation status: museum
Place: Trent
Geographical location 46 ° 4 '15 "  N , 11 ° 7' 37.9"  E Coordinates: 46 ° 4 '15 "  N , 11 ° 7' 37.9"  E
Height: 205  m slm
Castello del Buonconsiglio (Trentino-South Tyrol)
Castello del Buonconsiglio

The Castello del Buonconsiglio is the most important secular building in Trentino and stands on a rocky promontory in the northeast of the old town of Trento . The Castello is a multi-wing listed building in Trento in the autonomous region of Trentino-South Tyrol . It was the bishop's residence of the prince- bishops of Trent until 1796 . Today the limestone complex houses an art history museum (Museo Provinciale d'Arte and Museo Storico), rooms for temporary exhibitions, a memorial for Italian irredentists, a museum shop and a restaurant. From the dungeon of the Castle has a view of the old city of Trent, the Adige Valley and the surrounding mountains.

history

Fresco January from the cycle of months in the eagle tower

The Castello del Buonconsiglio was built on a rocky promontory in the so-called German Quarter in the northeast of the old town of Trento. The oldest components of the medieval bishop's castle, dating back to the 12th century, are grouped around the keep, known as the Mastio or Augustus Tower, which still exists today. To the south and east of it, the older residential palace of the prince-bishops of Trento, called Castelvecchio, was built from the 13th to the 15th century. The original seat of the bishops, however, was today's Palazzo Pretorio next to the cathedral.

The Castello de Buonconsiglio is famous for the frescoes of the cycle of the months in the eagle tower from 1397.

In 1407 there was an uprising of nobles and citizens against Prince-Bishop Georg von Lichtenstein (1390-1419) in Trient . As a result, the unrest in the country widened and peasant uprisings broke out across the whole of Trentino. Duke Friedrich took advantage of the prince-bishop's predicament when he marched into Trentino and drove Georg von Liechtenstein out of Trento. After these events, the Castello del Buonconsiglio was expanded not only as a defensive structure for the city of Trento, but also as a fortress against the city, from Prince Bishop Alexander of Mazovia (1424–1444) . The falcon tower in the east of the complex was built around 1390 and probably decorated its interior with rich frescoes on the subject of hunting by Hans Bocksberger the Elder or Bartlmä Dill Riemenschneider before 1560 .

For centuries Trento and the Castello del Buonconsiglio were important stops for Germans to travel to Italy or Italians to the north. Albrecht Dürer visited Trento on his first trip to Italy in 1495 and artistically recorded the appearance of the Castello del Buonconsiglio at that time.

Albrecht Dürer The Castle of Trento (1495)

The chapel of Castelvecchio with its frescoes was completed under Prince-Bishop Johannes Hinderbach in 1475. In 1484 he had a water pipe laid to supply the residence from the springs in the nearby mountains to the arcaded courtyard of Castelvecchio. In February 1508, Emperor Maximilian I stayed here when he assumed the dignity of Emperor in the Cathedral of San Vigilio in Trento.

Prince-Bishop and Cardinal Bernhard von Cles (1485–1539) had the Castello enlarged significantly in preparation for the Council of Trent . The renaissance palace known today as Magno Palazzo was built, which adjoins Castelvecchio to the east. Von Cles had the rooms decorated by numerous artists with magnificent stucco work and wall paintings. Among others, Dosso Dossi , Girolamo Romanino and Marcello Fogolino worked on this building. The inside of the whole palace will be decorated with frescoes, which primarily deal with the political power of Bernhard von Cles, as well as his relationship with the Habsburgs and his sense of science, history and the arts. The recurring main theme is the unitas, the unity whose symbol adorns many doors and paintings. From 1530 to 1532 the art-historically significant “Loggia des Romanino” with its frescoes and arcades and the Lion Courtyard (Cortile dei Leoni) in front of it was built. The Sala Grande on the second floor corresponds to the imperial hall of many prince-bishop's residences in the Holy Roman Empire . The walls were reinforced towards the city (!) With four roundels , three of which are still there today.

Fall of the Phaeton , ceiling fresco in the "Loggia des Romanino"

The massive structure of the Giunta Albertiana was built under Prince Bishop Francesco Alberti di Poja (1677–1689) from 1680 as a link between the two existing residential buildings Castelvecchio and Magno Palazzo. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the interiors were largely redecorated in a baroque style.

In 1796, during the First Coalition War , French troops occupied the city of Trento and the Castello, which was converted into a barracks. Napoleon Bonaparte spent a few days at Buonconsiglio Castle in 1796. After 1803 the city and castle became part of the Habsburg Empire and the Austrian Empire . For the next more than a hundred years, the former prince-bishop's residence was used as a barracks.

From the second half of the 19th century to 1916 (1918) the Castello del Buonconsiglio was also the seat of the Imperial and Royal High Command of the Trento Fortress , most recently under the fortress commander and Major General Franz Seraphin Edler von Steinhart .

During the First World War , Cesare Battisti , Fabio Filzi and Damiano Chiesa were imprisoned as representatives of Italian irredentism in 1916 in the Castello del Buonconsiglio and after their conviction for high treason were executed in the northern ditch. At the place of her execution, the Fossa dei Martiri (German: "Graben der Märtyrer"), memorial stones commemorate this event.

After the First World War, the Castello and the city of Trento fell to the Kingdom of Italy through the Treaty of Saint-Germain . The Italian state had owned the former residence since 1919. From 1920 to 1933 extensive restoration work took place under the direction of Giuseppe Gerola . The aim of this work was to reverse the structural changes that had been carried out in particular from the end of the 18th century and to restore the state of the 16th century, with the exception of the Giunta Albertiana, which was built in the 17th century. In particular, the restoration focused on the Magno Palazzo, as a testimony to Italian Renaissance architecture in Trentino, also borne by post-irredentist motifs. In 1973 the building with all art objects was handed over to the Autonomous Province of Trento, in the same year the Museo Provinciale d'Arte (National Art Museum of the Autonomous Province of Trento) was opened.

Todays use

Museums - Museo Provinciale d'Arte and Museo Storico with art gallery

Emperor Charles V's coat of arms with the chain of the Order of the Golden Fleece in the Sala Grande by Dosso Dossi , 1531

The showrooms of the Museo Provinciale d'Arte and the Museo Storico house remarkable archaeological collections from Roman times and the Middle Ages, numerous manuscripts and early prints, a lapidarium , an extensive coin collection and sculptures made of stone and wood, as well as a picture gallery with works from the 16th century. until the 20th century.

The museum presents the so-called Tabula Clesiana , a bronze plaque from the 1st century AD, which was found in 1869 during earthworks on the "Campi Neri" near Cles in the Val di Non . A decree by Emperor Claudius from the year 46 is recorded on it. The six volumes of the Trent Codices are also kept here. The Pinakothek has a remarkable collection of graphics, drawings and paintings from the 15th to 19th centuries, including works by Jakob Seisenegger , Andrea Pozzo , Johann Baptist von Lampi and Rembrandt van Rijn .

Exhibitions

Special exhibitions on topics from history, art and religion take place at irregular intervals. From October 2012 to January 2013 the painter Francesco Guardi was the focus of an exhibition.

Library

An outbuilding now houses a library with reading and event rooms.

Castle garden

The palace garden between the main building of the residence and the western outer wall is a recreational destination for locals and guests of the city. It was laid out in the 16th century under Prince-Bishop Bernhard von Cles and redesigned several times in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Illustrations

  • Castello del Buonconsiglio, original castle
  • Several construction phases can be seen on the facade of Castelvecchio. The late Gothic Venetian loggia is particularly attractive
  • Roundabout next to the Porta San Vigilio gate
  • Venetian loggia
  • Castle garden
  • Memorial stones at the place of execution of Battisti, Filzi and Chiesa in the moat

literature

  • Josef Riedmann : Buonconsiglio Castle in Trento . Regensburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7954-1958-5
  • M. Welber: Affreschi dei mesi di torre d'Aquila Castello Buonconsiglio (sec. XV) . 1995, ISBN 88-86246-39-0
  • Enrico Castelnuovo (ed.): Il Castello del Buonconsiglio. Percorso nel Magno Palazzo. Primo volume . Trento 1995.
  • Giuseppe Gullino (a cura di): Storia di Trento. Dall'antichità all'età contemporanea . Cierre, Verona, 2011.
  • Paola Cassinelli, Francesca De Gramatica: Rembrandt ei capolavori della grafica europea nelle collezioni del Castello del Buonconsiglio (Rembrandt and the Masterpieces of European Graphic Arts in the Collection of the Castello Del Buonconsiglio). Castello 2008.
  • Hans Schmölzer: The frescoes of the Castello del buon consiglio in Trento and their masters: an art-historical study . Innsbruck 1902.

Web links

Commons : Castello del Buonconsiglio  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ City map of Trient from the 16th century, illustrated in: Serena Luzzi: Mobility and Identity - The Germans in Trient (14th-18th centuries). In: Alois Schmid (Ed.): From Bavaria to Italy - Transalpine Transfer in the Early Modern Age . Munich 2010, p. 141
  2. ↑ buonconsiglio.it
  3. ↑ M. Welber: (. Sec XV) Affreschi dei mesi di Torre d'Aquila Castello Buonconsiglio . 1995, ISBN 88-86246-39-0
  4. ^ Serena Luzzi: Mobility and Identity - The Germans in Trient (14th-18th centuries). In: Alois Schmid (Ed.): From Bavaria to Italy - Transalpine Transfer in the Early Modern Age . Munich 2010, pp. 135–152
  5. ↑ buonconsiglio.it
  6. ↑ buonconsiglio.it
  7. ↑ buonconsiglio.it
  8. ↑ buonconsiglio.it
  9. ↑ buonconsiglio.it
  10. ↑ Hans Schmölzer: The frescoes of the Castello del buon consiglio in Trento and their masters: a study of the history of art . Innsbruck 1902, p. 44 f.
  11. ↑ Hans Schmölzer: The frescoes of the Castello del buon consiglio in Trento and their masters: a study of the history of art . Innsbruck 1902, p. 30
  12. ↑ Aldo Bertoluzza: Napoleone a Trento - Buonaparte al Buonconsiglio . Trento 1970
  13. ↑ The Castell is referred to as a barracks in a city map from 1909. Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon , Volume 19. Leipzig 1909, p. 709 zeno.org
  14. ↑ L'archivio personale di Giuseppe Gerola presso la Fondazione Biblioteca San Bernardino di Trento (Italian) (PDF; 1.3 MB), accessed on May 21, 2018
  15. ↑ https://www.buonconsiglio.it/index.php/de/Castello-del-Buonconsiglio/schloss/Besichtigungsrundgang/Einfuehrung
  16. ↑ Rembrandt and the masterpieces of European printmaking , tr3ntino.it  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. See also: Paola Cassinelli, Francesca De Gramatica: Rembrandt ei capolavori della grafica europea nelle collezioni del Castello del Buonconsiglio (Rembrandt and the Masterpieces of European Graphic Arts in the Collection of the Castello Del Buonconsiglio). Castello 2008@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.tr3ntino.it  
  17. ↑ buonconsiglio.it
  18. ↑ buonconsiglio.it
  19. ↑ buonconsiglio.it