List of Roman roads

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Network of Roman roads around 125 AD:
  • Roman road
  • Frontier of the Roman Empire
  • Roman military camp (legion camp)
  • Roman city
  • The list of Roman roads provides an overview of preserved Roman roads .

    Roman roads

    In addition to the streets occupied at the time, the information often follows the Tabula Peutingeriana , a street map from the 12th century, probably a copy of a Carolingian map based on a late Roman original.

    Over the Alps

    These roads connect Italy with Hungary and Germany via Austria, Switzerland and Slovenia :

    Surname Construction time and builder course
    Bone en Bez Documented Roman road from the 1st century between Glovelier and Saulcy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland
    Via Claudia Augusta 15 AD under Nero Claudius Drusus From Veneto via Verona, Bozen (Pons Drusi), Meran (Statio Maiensis), through the Vinschgau, via the Reschenpass , Finstermünz and the Fernpass via Füssen (Foetes) to Augsburg ( Augusta Vindelicum )
    Via Claudia Augusta Altinate 47 AD From Altino on the Adriatic, via Feltre and the Valsugana valley to Trento
    Via Gemina From Aquileia to Aemona (on the site of today's Ljubljana )
    Via Julia Augusta after 16/15 BC Chr. Main route to Noricum : From Aquileia northwards via Zúglio (Carnic Alps, Iulium Carnicum ) and the Plöckenpass to the Drautal, splits at Irschen ( castrum Ursen ) and leads via Aguntum (near Lienz / East Tyrol) and Innichen ( Littamum ) to Veldidena (Wilten) / Innsbruck) or via Teurnia (near Spittal an der Drau) to Virunum (on Magdalensberg near Klagenfurt); there to Enns ( Lauriacum ) or to Salzburg ( Iuvavum ); there to Augusta Vindelicum (Augsburg, route is called Via Julia )
    Via Raetia 15 BC BC / AD 43 under Claudius ; fortified around 200 AD under Septimius Severus From Verona via Bozen, Sterzing (Vipiteno), the Brenner and Matrei (Matreio) to Wilten / Innsbruck (Veldidena) and via Zirl (Teriolis), the Seefelder Sattel , Mittenwald (Scarbia), Partenkirchen (Parthanum), Coreliacus and Epfach ( Abodiacum ) to Augsburg ( Augusta Vindelicum )
    Itinerarium Antonini 3rd century AD The map shows a street through Tinnetione ( Tinizong in Oberhalbstein, Canton of Graubünden ) and Murus (probably Castelmur-Müraia, Gem. Bondo GR ). It must be the route over the Julier or Septimer Pass with cart tracks on the one hand and the excavated Roman field camp on the other .
    As far as we know today, apart from the Via Claudia Augusta, no Roman road north of the Alps has a name.
    • A Via Decia postulated on the basis of a milestone found at Zirl has not been proven and is considered refuted by the discovery of similar milestones that can be clearly assigned to Via Raetia .

    Balkan Peninsula

    Surname Construction time and builder course
    Via Egnatia 146 BC Under Gnaeus Egnatius Continuation of the Via Appia on the eastern side of the Adriatic Sea (Greece), from Apollonia and Durres / Albania via Elbasan to Ohrid , Thessaloniki , Amphipolis and Alexandroupoli to Constantinople on the Bosporus
    Via Flavia 78 AD From Aquileia , Trieste , Pula , through Istria , via Fiume to Dalmatia
    Via Istrum An east-west connection along the lower Danube from Noviodunum ad Istrum , Toesmis , Ulmetum , Dorostorum , Transmarisca , Appiaria , Novae , Oescus , Variana , Ciabrus , Ratiaria , Cuppae , Viminatium , Demessus , Singidunum to Sirmium
    Via Militaris A north-west-south-east connection to the Bosporus ( Belgrade - Sofia - Plovdiv - Edirne - Istanbul / in Roman times the cities were called Singidunum - Serdica - Philippopolis - Hadrianopolis - Constantinople ) - from 1600 also referred to as via Traiana, which bypasses the ambiguous name via militaris , with which a military road is also generally referred to
    Via Pontica A north-south connection along the western coast of the Black Sea (ancient Greek Pontos Euxeinos ) to the Danube Delta from Byzantion via Apollonia , Deultum , Anchialo , Mesembria , Odessos , Byzone ( Kawarna ), Kallatis , Tomoi , Histria to Noviodunum ad Istrum
    Via Traiana (Balkans) A north-south connection through the middle of the Balkan Peninsula, connected the Oescus or Novae on the Danube via Trojan , through the Hemus Mountains , with Philippopolis (Via Militaris) in Thrace and through the Rhodope Mountains with the Via Egnatia on the Aegean Sea
    Via ??? North-south connection through the middle of the Balkan Peninsula from Anchialo , Aquae Calidae , Marcianopolis to Dorostorum
    Via ??? An east-west connection from Anchialo and Pyrgos , via Aquae Calidae , Kabyle , Beroe to Ranilum to the Via Militaris (see above)
    Via ??? An east-west connection from Plovdiv via Pazardzhik (where it branched off from Via Militatis, read more there), Kostenez , Samokow , Pautalia , Skopje and Pristina to Sarajevo

    Britain

    Surname Construction time and builder course
    Akeman Street
    Camlet Way In an east-west direction between Colchester ( Camalodunum ) in Essex and Silchester ( Calleva Atrebatum ) in Hampshire via St Albans ( Verulamium )
    Dere Street
    Devil's Highway AD 47 - AD 48 From Londinium ( London ) via Ad Pontes ( Staines-upon-Thames ) to Calleva Atrebatum ( Silchester )
    Ermine Street
    Fen causeway
    Fosse Way
    Peddars Way
    Sarn Helen Association Abberconwy with Carmarthen
    Stanegate
    Stane Street: Stane Street (Chichester) and Stane Street (St Albans)
    Roman road from Silchester to Bath Association Calleva Atrebatum near Silchester with Aquae Sulis (Bath) via Spinae (today Speen ) and Cunetio
    Watling Street

    Germany

    Surname Construction time and builder course
    Via Claudia Augusta Highway from Northern Italy to Augsburg
    " Via Julia " Military road from Augsburg to Salzburg
    Via Raetia 15 BC BC / 43 AD, fortified 195–215 AD Trunk road from Northern Italy to Augusta Vindelicum (Augsburg) via Brenner and Seefelder Sattel , finds near Klais (gauge 107 cm), route via Partenkirchen (Partanum) and Epfach (Abodiaco) to Augsburg
    Allgäustraße Highway from Northern Italy to Augsburg: Como , Chur , Bregenz , Kempten
    Roman Rhine Valley Road Extension of the trunk road from Italy over the San Bernardino Pass from Strasbourg (Argentoratum) via Speyer (Noviomagus) and Worms ( Borbetomagus ) to Mainz ( Mogontiacum ), further via Koblenz ( Confluentes ), Bonn ( Castra Bonnensia ), Cologne ( Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium ) and Xanten ( Vetera ) to the North Sea
    Army road from Brigantium ( Bregenz ) to Iuvavum (Salzburg) via Cambodunum (Kempten); crossed the Via Claudia Augusta at Abodiacum (Epfach, Germany)
    Ausoniusstrasse Military road from Bingen to Trier , the state of the Roman poet Ausonius was named
    Kinzigtalstrasse Part of the military road from Mogontiacum (Mainz) via Argentoratum ( Strasbourg ) to Augusta Vindelicum (Augsburg)
    Military road from Mogontiacum (Mainz) via Cannstatt to Augusta Vindelicum (Augsburg)
    Military road from Mogontiacum (Mainz) via Hofheim to Frankfurt-Heddernheim ( Nida ) and on via Okarben to Friedberg in der Wetterau ; In the Middle Ages this street became a pilgrimage route to the Elisabeth Church in Marburg , which is why it was named Elisabethenstraße
    Saalburgstrasse From Nida to the Saalburg
    Feldbergstrasse From Nida to the Feldberg fort ( Plasterweg, Haderweg over the eastern slope of the Altkönig and the Fuchstanz )
    Roman road Neckar-Alb-Aare From the legionary camp Vindonissa (Windisch near Baden in Switzerland) it led via Tenedo (Zurzach, Hochrhein), Iuliomagus (Schleitheim) , Brigobanne , Arae Flaviae (Rottweil) and Sumelocenna (Rottenburg) to Grinario ( Köngen near Stuttgart)
    Roman road from Ladenburg ( Lopodunum ) to Osterburken
    Via Belgica Trunk road from CCAA (Cologne) to Samarobriva ( Amiens / France)
    Via Agrippa Trunk road from Augusta Treverorum (Trier) to CCAA (Cologne)
    Donausüdstrasse Around AD 48 Built as a border security route from the source of the Danube south along the Danube, first to Weltenburg and finally to Constantinople; Branches in Tuttlingen to Strasbourg (Kinzigtalstrasse), in Günzburg to Augsburg
    Roman trunk road Highway from Augusta Treverorum (Trier) to Argentoratum (Strasbourg)
    Roman road Trier – Neuss 22 to 19 BC Chr. from Trier to Neuss

    A Via Decia postulated on the basis of a milestone found at Zirl has not been proven and is considered refuted by the discovery of similar milestones that can be clearly assigned to Via Raetia .

    France

    Surname Construction time and builder course
    Via Agrippa (modern name) 39-13 BC Chr. Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa From Arles through the Rhône Valley via Orange and Valence to Lyon (Lugdunum) and on via Amiens to Boulogne-sur-Mer, corresponds roughly to today's national roads RN 7 or RN 1. From Lyon alternatively via Metz to Trier (and Cologne)
    Via Aquitania From Narbonne (branching off the Via Domitia) via Toulouse and Bordeaux to the Atlantic Ocean
    Via Corsica From Mariana via Aleria, Praesidium, Portus Favonius to Pallas (east coast, Corsica)
    Via Domitia 118 BC Under Gaius Domitius Ahenobarbus Continuation of Via Augusta (from Spain) at Col de Panissars, near today's Col del Portus (Pyrenees), via Narbonne and Béziers to Nimes (Nemausus), via the Pont du Gard, Beaucaire, Cavaillon, Apt, Sisteron, Gap, Embrun to Briancon with connection to the Col de Montgenèvre (see also Via Fenollentis - Via Confluentana - Via Vallespiri)
    Via Julia Augusta 13 BC Under Augustus Continuation of the Via Aurelia and Via Postumia from Vado Ligure (Vada Sabatia) along the Ligurian coast via Albenga (Albigaunum) and Ventimiglia (Albintimilium) and through the Maritime Alps to the west to Arles (Arelate) in Gaul (connection to the Via Domitia) (today Provence)

    Iberian Peninsula

    The determination of the course of the Roman roads is based on the one hand on written sources such as the Itinerar of Antoninus , a travel guide from the 4th century, on the other hand on the archaeological remains, preserved road sections, milestones , bridges and the villages on the roads. The most important north-south connection in Portugal was the 361 km long road from Olisipo (Lisbon) to Bracara Augusta (Braga), which corresponded to a south axis into the Algarve , to Lacobriga (Lagos). The roads leading into the interior of the Iberian Peninsula connected at crossroads. These mostly followed the course of the rivers. The streets are divided into main streets, about five meters wide, and secondary streets, three to four meters wide, according to their width. Only sections have been preserved because, as a rule, paving was only carried out on inclines or slopes. This makes it difficult to track down the ancient roads in the area. The road construction, which is important for the development of the country, should have been largely completed in the Flavian times, when the ore mines (Aljustrel, Trêsminas ) were at the height of production. This was accompanied by the expansion of ports (Ilha do Pessegueiro).

    Surname Construction time and builder course
    Via Augusta 8 v. Under Augustus Continuation of the Via Domitia in Spain, from Col de Panissars (Pyrenees), near La Jonquera, at today's Col del Portus, via Girona, Barcelona, Tarragona , Valencia, Córdoba, Carmona, Seville (Hispallis) to Cádiz (Gades )
    Via de la Plata 139 BC Under Quintus Servilius Caepius From Seville via Mérida , Cáceres, Salamanca, Léon to Gijón (on the Bay of Biscay, Spain) or Astorga. A section is known as "Iter from Emerita Asturicam" (= journey from Emerita Augusta to Asturica Augusta )
    Via Nova 79–80 AD under Vespasianus and Titus, restored under Maximinus Thrax Via XVIII on the Itinerarium Antonini . From Braga (Bracara Augusta) to Astorga (Asturica Augusta)
    Viae Lusitanorum In the Algarve (Portugal): Baesuris, Balsa, Ossonoba (Faro), Milreu , Cerro da Vila, Lacobriga (Lagos)
    Road between Astorga and Bordeaux Asturica (Astorga), Vallata (near Villadangos del Paramo), Interamnium, Palantia (east Reliegos ), Viminacio ( Calzadilla de la Cueza ), Lacobrigam ( Carrión de los Condes ), Dessobriga (north Melgar de Fernamental), Legisamone (Sasamón ), Tritium (near Monasterio de Rodilla), Virovesca (Briviesca), Vindeleia (near Cubo de Bureba), Deobriga (near Rivabellosa), Beleia (near Nanclares de la Oca), Seussatio (near Vitoria-Gasteiz ), Tullunio (near Alegría -Dullanzi), Alba, Aracaeli (Uharte-Arakil), Alantone, Pompelone ( Pamplona ), Turissa (near Espinal), Summo Pyreneo ( Ibañeta Pass ), Imo Pyreneo ( St. Jean-le-Vieux ), Carasa ( Garris ) , Aquis Terebellicis ( Dax ), Mosconnum (Lit-et-Mixe), Segosa (Saint-Paul-en-Born), Losa (north of Sanguinet ), Boios (near Biganos), Burdegalo (Bordeaux)
    In particular the section between Carrión de los Condes - restored in historical pavement at the end of the village - and Calzadilla de la Cueza, which corresponds exactly to the current routing of the Camino de Santiago, w is named there on milestones Via Aquitana . In the literature the street is also referenced as Via Trajana .

    Italy

    Surname Construction time and builder course
    Via Aemilia 187 BC Under Marcus Aemilius Lepidus From Rimini (Ariminum), at the end of Via Flaminia , via Cesena , Bologna to Piacenza (Placentia) and Milan (Mediolanum), now state road 9
    Via Aemilia Scauri 109 BC Under Marcus Aemilius Scaurus Extended Via Aurelia , from Pisa along the eastern Ligurian coast via Genoa to Vado Ligure (Vada Sabatia), further than Via Iulia Augusta, or to Piacenza (Placentia)
    Via Amerina From Rome to Ameria (now Amelia) and Perugia
    Via Annia 153 BC Under consul Tito Annio Lusco From the port of Adria via Padua to Aquileia
    Via Appia 312 BC Under Appius Claudius Caecus Oldest Roman road. From Rome via Albano , Terracina , Fondi , Capua , Benevento (Benevento), Venosa and Tarent (Tarantum) to Brindisi (Brundisium, 264 BC) in Apulia, now about State Road 7
    Via Ardeatina From Rome via Falcognana to Ardea (near Aprilia)
    Via Aurelia 241 BC Under Gaius Aurelius Cotta From Rome via Orbetello (Cosa), Pisa to Lucca , later via Genoa , Savona to Ventimiglia and on to Gaul (France), now state road 1
    Via Caecilia 142 BC Under Lucius Caecilius Metellus Calvus or 117 BC. Under Lucius Caecilius Metellus Diadematus From Via Salaria branching off via Amiternum (near L'Aquila), overcomes the central Apennines at the Passo delle Capanelle and leads to Hatria (today Atri) or via Teramo to Castrum Novum (Giulianova) to the Adriatic Sea
    Via Campana Along the Tiber , parallel to Via Portuense and Saline Veienti
    Via Casilina From Rome via Anagni , Frosinone to Casilinum near Cassino (corresponds to Via Latina from Anagni)
    Via Cassia 171 BC Chr. From Rome (branching off the Via Flaminia) via Sutri, Viterbo through Etruria and via Arezzo (Aretium) to Florence (Florentia) and on via Pistoia to Lucca and Pisa (to the Via Aurelia)
    Via Clodia 225 BC Chr. From Rome (branching off from Via Cassia) via Bracciano and Vejano back to Via Cassia
    Via Collatina Antica From Rome south of the river Aniene to Collatia near Palestrina (Penestrina)
    Via Domitiana 95 BC Under Domitian From Terracina via Pozzuoli (Puteoli) to Portus Julius on the Gulf of Naples and on via Naples (Neapolis) to Reggio (Rhegium)
    Via Empolitana From Tivoli to Subiaco
    Via Farnesiana Branch from Via Aurelia to Farnese (Castrum Farneti) west of Lake Bolsena
    Via Flaminia 220 BC Under Gaius Flaminius From Rome via Narni (Narnia) to Fano (Fanum Fortunae) or to Rimini (Ariminum), now state road 3
    Via Flaminia Nuova Newer variant of the Via Flaminia via Spoleto (Spoletum)
    Via Flaminia Minor 187 BC Chr. From Arezzo (Arretium) to Rimini (Ariminum)
    Via Gallica From Verona (branching off via Postumia) via Brescia, Bergamo to Milan
    Via Julia Augusta 13 BC Under Augustus Continuation of the Via Aurelia and Via Postumia from Vado Ligure (Vada Sabatia) along the Ligurian coast via Albenga (Albigaunum) and Ventimiglia (Albintimilium) and through the Maritime Alps to the west to Arles (Arelate) in Gaul (connection to the Via Domitia) (today Provence)
    Via Julia Augusta Another "Via Julia Augusta" leads from Aquileia northwards via Zúglio (Carnic Alps, Iulium Carnicum) and the Plöckenpass to the Drautal, divides at Irschen (castrum Ursen) and leads via Aguntum (near Lienz / East Tyrol) and Innichen (Littamum) to Veldidena (Wilten / Innsbruck) or via Teurnia (near Spittal an der Drau) and Virunum (on Magdalensberg near Klagenfurt) to Iuvavum (Salzburg)
    Via Labicana From Rome, from Via Latina via Labicum to Via Praenestina
    Via Latina From Rome north of the Albanian Mountains via Anagni, Ferentinum, Frosinone (Frusino) and Liri to Capua (connection to the Via Appia)
    Via Laurentina From Rome to Laurentum (San Lorenzo on the Tyrrhenian Sea)
    Via Nomentana From Rome to Nomentum (now Mentana) (formerly Via Ficulensis to Ficulea)
    Via Ostiensis From Rome to Ostia (Roman port city) south of the Tiber
    Via Palombarese Medieval name for the road from Via Nomentana to Polombara Sabina
    Via Pompea 210 BC Chr. Circumnavigation of Sicily
    Via Popilia 132 BC Under consul Publio Popillio Lenate From Capua, via Nocera (Nuceria), Morano (Moranum), Cosenza (Cosentia), Vibo (Valentia) to Reggio Calabria (Rhegium)
    Via Popilia-Annia 132 BC Chr. From Rimini to Aquileia
    Via Portuense under Claudius From Rome to the port of Portus Augusti north of the Tiber (near today's Fiumicino airport)
    Via Postumia 148 BC Chr. From Aquileia, via Oderzo, Vicenza, Verona, Cremona, Piacenza (Placentia), Voghera (Iria), Tortona (Dertona), Serravalle (Libarna) to Genoa (built under Postumio Albino)
    Via Praenestina From Rome to Palestrina (Praeneste) (formerly known as Via Gabina)
    Via Sabina From Via Salaria branching off to L'Aquila
    Via Salaria From Rome via Settebagni, Fara in Sabina, Rieti, Antrodoco, Arquata and Ascoli Piceno to Porto d'Ascoli to the Adriatic Sea in the Marche, now state road 4
    Via Salaria Gallica From Fossombrone (Forum Sempronii) via Suasa, Ostra, Jesi, Macerata, Urbisaglia, Falesone to Ascoli Piceno (Asculum) in the Marche (connection of Via Flaminia and Via Salaria, inland)
    Via Salaria Picena Connects Via Flaminia and Via Salaria, from Fano (Fanum Fortunae) to Castrum Truentinum near Porto d'Ascoli on the Adriatic Sea (coastal road)
    Via Salaria Vecchia From Ascoli via S.Omero and Giulianova to Atri (connection from Via Salaria to Via Caecilia)
    Via satricana From Rome to Satricum (Le Ferriere, district of Latina ), see Via Ardeatina
    Via Severiana From Ostia to Terracina (on the Tyrrhenian Sea)
    Via sublacense From the Via Valeria branching off, in the Aniene Valley via Villa di Nerone to Subiaco
    Via Tiberina From Rome in the Tiber Valley via Capena, Fiano Nazzano, Ponzano and Magliano to Via Flaminia
    Via Tiburtina 286 BC Under Markus Valerius Maximus From Rome to Tibur (Tivoli) and further as Via (Tiburtina) Valeria
    Via Tiburtina Valeria Continuation of the Via Tiburtina through the Aniene Valley, along the former Fucino Lake to Pescara (Adriatic Sea), now roughly state road 5
    Via Traiana 109 AD under Marco Ulpio Traiano Built as an alternative to the old Via Appia. Leads from Benevento via Ascoli Satriano, Canosa di Puglia, Ruvo and Bitonto to Bari (Adriatic Sea) and as Via Traiana Costiera (coastal road) or as Via Traiana Interna (inland) via Rutigliano and Conversano to Brindisi
    Via Traiana Calabra Extends the Via Traiana from Brindisi to Otranto
    Via Tuscolana From Rome to Tusculum

    Asia Minor and the Middle East

    Surname Construction time and builder course
    Via Maris Historical (Roman) coastal route in north-south direction, which connects Europe and North Africa, it leads from Greece following the coastline through Asia Minor, via Beirut (Lebanon) to stations in Gaza and Ostrazine, from there through the Nile Delta to Cairo ( Egypt)
    Via Nova Traiana 114 AD In the province of Arabia: from Bostra (Arabia) in Syria to Aila (Aquaba) on the Gulf

    North africa

    Surname Construction time and builder course
    Via Nerva AD 98-113 Coastal road from Carthagine ( Carthage ) to Alexandria . Other important cities along the route were Thenis , Oea ( Tripoli ), Sabratha ( Sabrata ), Lepti magna ( Leptis Magna ) and Paraetonium ( Marsa Matruh ).

    gallery

    Roman roads redesigned into hiking trails or bike paths in modern times

    Some Roman roads have been redesigned into thematic hiking and cycling routes in modern times . This includes:

    See also

    Individual evidence

    1. Rupert Breitwieser, Andreas Lippert : Pass routes of the Celtic and Roman times in the Eastern Alps . In: Mitteilungen der Anthropologische Gesellschaft in Wien , 129 (1999), p. 127.
    2. Hans Kratzer: Huge building project discovered by the Romans in the Murnauer Moos , Süddeutsche Zeitung from August 10, 2018, accessed on May 9, 2019.
    3. Werner Zanier : Excavation: The Roman Emperor Claudius on the wrong track? In: Akademie aktuell of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences No. 65 (2/2018), pages 62–71 ISSN  1436-753X ( PDF, 1.73 MB )
    4. Jürg Simonett: Julier Pass. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . January 30, 2018 , accessed June 13, 2019 .
    5. a b Gerald Grabherr: To the so-called Via Decia . In: Bavarian History Leaflets 61, 1996, pp. 229–244.
    6. ^ A b Karlheinz Dietz , Martin Pietsch: Two new Roman milestones from Mittenwald , in: Mohr, Löwe, Raute 6 (1998), pp. 41–57. Online version .
    7. ^ Pius Bonifatius Gams : The first three centuries in The Church History of Spain :, Volume 1, Verlag GJ Manz, 1862, p. 400 ff.
    8. Michael Wendel: ZAKSSchriften Volume 6: Karasura III: The transport links in early Byzantine times (4th-8th century AD) , Langenweißbach, 2005
    9. http://www.telefonica.net/web2/losorigenesdeiberia/HA_ing_romana_calz_Nova.htm ( Memento from March 30, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) ; Via Nova XVIII ; [1] .
    10. according to Itinerarium Antonini , “De Hispania in Aquitaniam. From Asturica Burdigalam mpm CCCCXXI sic "
    11. Anguita Jaén, José María: Way of St. James - A practical guide for the pilgrim . Editorial Everest SA, León / Spain, 2007. ISBN 978-84-241-0422-1