Pazardzhik
| Pazardzhik (Пазарджик) | |||
|
|||
| Basic data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| State : |
 Bulgaria
|
||
| Oblast : | Pazardzhik | ||
| Residents : | 68,963 (December 31, 2016) | ||
| Area : | 37.4 km² | ||
| Population density | 1,843.9 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Coordinates : | 42 ° 11 ′ N , 24 ° 20 ′ E | ||
| Height : | 215 m | ||
| Postal code : | 4400 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+359) 034 | ||
| License plate : | PA | ||
| administration | |||
| Mayor : | Todor Popov | ||
| Website : | www.pazardjik.bg | ||
Pazardzhik [ pazɐrdʒik ] ( Bulgarian Пазарджик from the Turkish Pazarcık ) is a town in central Bulgaria , situated on the Maritsa midst of the Upper Thracian Plain . It is the center of the municipality of the same name and the province of Pazardzhik .
Geography and economy
The region is traditionally used for agriculture due to the favorable climate and fertile soils and is considered a vegetable and fruit growing region. In addition to cereals, the main crops are tomatoes , peppers , potatoes , watermelons , tobacco and wine , as well as peaches , cherries and cotton .
From the 15th century to the 1980s, Pazardzhik was a center of Bulgarian rice cultivation , which was operated in the humid lowlands of the Thracian Plain ; the yellowish rice grains of Pazardzhik were well known and had a better reputation than the rice which was grown around Plovdiv or further southeast along the Maritsa . Western visitors were astonished by the intensive rice culture and spoke of the area as "European Egypt" as early as the 18th century (as in a travel diary from 1786). Today rice cultivation no longer plays an important role in the area around Pazardzhik; after 1989 production was scaled down in a few years or (in most places) even given up because Bulgarian rice was no longer competitive on the world market.
history
From the foundation to 1800
After the conquest of Bosnia (1463) by the Ottoman Empire (Bulgaria was conquered as early as 1396), a caravan route was established between Sarajevo and Constantinople via Pristina , Skopje , Kyustendil and Samokov . The caravan route then met the "Große Heerstrasse", the Via Militaris . At the fork in the two streets, Tatar Pazarcik was founded in 1485 as a colony of Tatars from Bessarabia little is known about other than that they were in the service of the Ottoman Empire.
Tatar Pazarcik became the regional center of a Kaza (Turkish kaza , originally "judicial district", later simply in the sense of "district") from the 16th century , but suffered from the proximity of Plovdiv , traditionally the regional metropolis. It was nevertheless a flourishing trading center: iron from Samokov, wood from the Rhodope Mountains and rice (see above). The goods were mostly sent by raft and ship along the Mariza River to Edirne and the Aegean ports ( Enez , Tekirdağ ). The city was also famous for its saddlers until the 19th century.
Located on a main axis, Tatar Pazarcik has been described by numerous travelers as a village (Scheper, 1533), a Palanka (Schweiger, 1577) or a town (Kuripešić, 1530; Vrančić, 1567). In 1578 Stephan Gerlach had no more than 30 houses belonging to Christians who, however, had no church or priests. Everyone admired the Kurschum chan caravanserai built by Damat İbrahim Pasha in 1574 , which had an elegant fountain. Evliya Çelebi counted 16 machallas and 870 houses in the city . In 1664 a clock tower ( Sahat Kula ) was built. The paschal hammam also dates from the 16th century .
From the 18th century the Bulgarian population increased significantly. In 1741 a new clock tower was built. The city was in the 18./19. Century an important craft and trade fair town and a spiritual center of the Bulgarian revival .
19th century
In the course of the Tanzimat reforms of 1834, a Bulgarian community was able to form, which in 1837 had the Sweta Bogorodiza Church (Church of Our Lady) built with its carved altar wall, a work of masters from the famous Debar School . Stoyan Sakhariev, a son of the city, reports that it was divided into 33 machallas in the 1860s . At that time there were 3420 houses, 1200 shops, 19 mosques, 6 churches, 1 synagogue and 4 public baths. There were also 8 Turkish and 6 Bulgarian schools as well as one Jewish, one Valachian and one Armenian school.
The Tschitalischte Widelina was opened in 1862 . In 1865, Pazardzhik had around 25,000 inhabitants, with Bulgarians making up the ethnic majority with 57%. In 1869 Wasil Lewski founded a revolutionary committee of the Internal Revolutionary Organization (IRO) here. In the 19th century, the range of merchandise in Pazarcik was expanded to include spun cloth ( aba ) and cord ( gajtan ). The Mara fair took place here annually between June 30th and August 15th. In 1873 Tatar Pazarcik was connected to the Ottoman railway network and there were rail connections to Constantinople (Istanbul) and the port of Dedeaghač .
In January 1878 the city was burned down during the "Russo-Turkish War of Liberation" of 1877/78 on the orders of Suleyman Pasha , the commander in chief of the Turkish military operations on the Balkan Peninsula. As a result, most of the Turkish population left the city. On February 14, 1878, the Ottoman-Turkish rule over the city formally ended. After the Berlin Congress , however, Pazardzhik was again part of the Ottoman Empire and incorporated into the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia until its unification (1885) with the Principality of Bulgaria . In the 1884 census in Eastern Rumelia, Pazardzhik had 15,425 inhabitants. In Eastern Rumelia, however, rice cultivation had been banned, which particularly affected the rice growers in the Pazardzhik region. In 1900 the city had 17,000 inhabitants, including 2,000 Turks and 1,000 Muslim Roma.
20th century until today
In 1923 there were only four mosques left in the city. The city was called Tatar Pazarcik ("Tatar Small Market") until 1934 when it was renamed Pazardzhik. In the past it was the starting station of the Rhodope Railway . The city is also the starting point for the nearby mountain resorts of Peschtera , Velingrad and Dospat as well as the historic town of Batak .
Since 2005, Pasardschik has indirectly named the Besapara Hill on Livingston Island in Antarctica via its Thracian forerunner city of Besapara . The same applies to Pazardzhik Point , a headland on Snow Island in Antarctica.
population
Population structure
The last census to date took place in the spring of 2011, which was also the first since Bulgaria joined the European Union. Since it was subject to EU regulations, there was the possibility of not answering questions about ethnic and religious affiliation or about the mother tongue. Only 66,397 citizens of Pazardzhik answered the question about ethnicity, of whom 57,332 described themselves as Bulgarians, 4822 as Turks , 3423 as Roma and 325 stated another ethnic affiliation.
The Roma community (Khorohan and Kalajdschi) with a modest proportion of Pomaks, who originally come from the Rhodope Mountains, represent Islam .
Population development
The changing population figures partly result from the respective territorial status.
|
|
|
The numbers come from:
- Censuses (¹),
- Estimates (²) or
- official updates of the statistical offices (³).
sons and daughters of the town
- Aleksandar Stambolijski (1879–1923), Prime Minister of Bulgaria
- Kimon Georgiev (1882–1969), Prime Minister of Bulgaria
- Teodor Trajanow (1882–1945), Bulgarian poet
- Artine Artinian (1907-2005), American romance scholar and philanthropist
- Stojan Markow (* 1942), Bulgarian politician
- Stoyan Ganev (1955–2013), Foreign Minister of Bulgaria
- Elena Shekerletova (* 1964), Bulgarian diplomat
- Vladimir Mantschew (* 1977), Bulgarian footballer
- Ilijan Jordanow (* 1989), Bulgarian footballer
politics
Parish of Pazardzhik
The city council of Pazardzhik also functions as the municipal council and is responsible for the control of all mayors of the municipalities. The municipality of Pazardzhik ( Bulgarian Община Пазарджик / Obschtina Pazardschik) includes the following villages in addition to the city of Pazardzhik:
Town twinning
Pazardzhik has a partnership with the following cities:
- Aerodrome , North Macedonia
- Salt , Jordan
- Stavropol , Russia
- Tatabánya , Hungary
- West Bend , Wisconsin , USA
education
All types of Bulgarian schools exist in Pazardzhik. The language high school “Bertolt Brecht” is a member of the “Schools: Partners for the Future” initiative . Furthermore, there are a College of Agriculture, a pædagogikum, as well as a branch of the Music Faculty of the Paisij-Chilendarski - University of Plovdiv .
Culture and sights
Special structures
- Pazardzhik clock tower
- historical Museum
- House museum Konstantin Velichkov
- Stanislaw Dospewski Memorial Museum in a house built by the artist in 1864 and the history museum
- Konstantin Velichkov Theater
- Culture house and library “Videlina” ( Bulgarian Читалище “Виделина” ) location
Mosques
| Surname | description | location | image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kurshumlu Mosque
(Bulgarian Куршумлу джамия, Turkish Kurşunlu Camii ) |
Erected in 1667 (Hijri calendar 1078) and renovated several times in later centuries. The building is the only surviving, historical mosque of the former 18 prayer houses in the city. The mosque takes its name from the lead-covered dome (Turkish kurşun , "lead"); Another famous mosque of this name is located in Bulgaria in Silistra . | Bul. General Gurko, 20 |
|
Church building
| Church built |
description | location | image |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Assumption of Mary 1837 |
The Renaissance church, built in 1836–1837, is dedicated to the Holy Mother of God ( Bulgarian Света Богородица ). | Location |
|
|
George Church 2003 |
Also called "Sweti Georgi" ( Bulgarian Свети Георги ), is dedicated to St. George . It was financed exclusively by donations and was completed after a construction period of eight years. | Location |
|
| St. Constantine and Elena 1847 |
Also called "Sweti Sweti Konstantin and Elena" ( Bulgarian църква "Св. Св. Константин и Елена" ) is dedicated to Saints Constantine and Helene . | Location | |
| St. Parasheva 1852 |
Also called "Sweta Petka" ( Bulgarian Света Петка ) is dedicated to St. Paraskeva the Younger (not to be confused with Paraskeva Pyatnitza ). | Location | |
|
Archangel Michael Church 1860 |
Bulgarian църквата Св.Архангел Михаил . The church, built in 1860, was consecrated to St. Michael the Archangel in 2003. | Location | |
|
Transfiguration Church 1862 |
Bulgarian Църквата "Св. Преображение" . The church was built from 1859 to 1862 and was consecrated in 1862. | Location |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Elena Grozdanova, Stefan Andreev: "Rice cultivation and rice winners (çeltükçi) in the central and eastern part of the Balkans (15th to 18th centuries)" . In: Bulgarian Historical Review . tape 31 , no. 3-4 , 2003, pp. 54-76 .
- ↑ Assen Georgieff: The rice culture in Bulgaria . Dissertation, Leipzig 1909.
- ↑ E. Levensson: "The rice culture in Bulgaria" . In: Nutrition of the Plant . tape 33 , 1937.
- ↑ Ivan Batakliev: "Rice Cultivation in Bulgaria" . In: Communications of the geographical society Vienna . tape 85 , 1942, pp. 97-99 .
- ↑ Richard Mach: Eleven years of the Balkans. Memories of a Prussian officer from the years 1876 to 1887 . Breslau 1889, p. 205 .
- ^ Austrian Archives for History, Descriptions of the Earth, State Studies, Art and Literature . tape 1 , no. 18 , February 10, 1831, p. 70 .
- ^ C. Wayne Smith, Robert H. Dilday: Rice: Origin, History, Technology, and Production . Hoboken 2003, p. 261 .
- ↑ BS Chauchan: Rice Production Worldwide . Cham (Switzerland) 2017, p. 96 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Tatar Pazarcik in Encyclopaedia of Islam
- ↑ History of Pazardzhik (Bulgarian)
- ^ Statistical Office of the Republic of Bulgaria: Population by ethnicity. (.xls; 758 kB) Census 2011. Archived from the original on May 21, 2013 ; Retrieved January 27, 2012 (Bulgarian).
- ↑ Population figures as of June 15, 2012 (Bulgarian) at the registration office
- ↑ Pazardzhik Population by Year , National Bureau of Statistics, accessed August 31, 2012.
- ↑ Списък на побратимени градове ( Memento of the original from December 15, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( MS Excel ; 214 kB)
- ^ Church of the Assumption of Mary in Pazardzhik. Pravoslavieto.com, accessed November 11, 2012 (Bulgarian).
- ↑ Changes in the past decade. Елена Арнаудова, published on omda.bg, accessed November 11, 2012 (Bulgarian).
- ↑ Donations for the construction of churches and schools. (No longer available online.) Мариян Иванов, published on prosvetise.com, archived from the original on November 15, 2013 ; Retrieved November 11, 2012 (Bulgarian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Church "Sweta Petka" - photo including year of construction. panoramio.com, accessed on November 11, 2012 (Bulgarian / English).
- ↑ About the city of Pazardzhik. nasamnatam.com, accessed November 11, 2012 (Bulgarian).
- ↑ Pazardzhik Church of the Transfiguration. By Стоян Караджов, Божидар Лютаков, Александър Алексиев, published on pzhistory.info, accessed November 11, 2012 (Bulgarian).
literature
- Tatar Pazarcik in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume X, page 371, column 1.
