Garris
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Garris Garrüze |
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Bayonne | |
| Canton | Pays de Bidache, Amikuze et Ostibarre | |
| Community association | Pays Basque | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 21 ′ N , 1 ° 4 ′ W | |
| height | 73-219 m | |
| surface | 3.13 km 2 | |
| Residents | 282 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 90 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64120 | |
| INSEE code | 64235 | |
| Website | www.garrislehengogarruze.org | |
 View of Garris |
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Garris is a French municipality with 282 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine . The municipality belongs to the Bayonne arrondissement and the canton of Pays de Bidache, Amikuze et Ostibarre (until 2015: canton of Saint-Palais ).
The name of the municipality is Garrüze in the Basque language . The residents are called Garrüztar accordingly .
geography
Garris is located about 55 km south-east of Bayonne and not far from Saint-Palais in the historic Pays de Mixe ( Basque Amikuze ) in the historic region of Lower Navarra in the French part of the Basque Country .
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Luxe Sumber Rod |
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Amendeuix oneix |
Garris lies in the catchment area of the Adour River . A tributary of the Bidouze , the salarteko erhka, flows through the municipality, as does its tributary zubiaga erhka.
history
In Gallo-Roman times, the municipality was a station called Carasa on the road from Burdigala ( Bordeaux ) to Asturica Augusta ( Astorga ) in what is now the province of León in north-western central Spain , and later in the Middle Ages a stage for pilgrims on the Way of St. James to Santiago de Compostela who came from the Abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde . During this time, the community developed as a trading center, where an important market was held. It became the headquarters of the Pays de Mixe , and the court was usually held there.
The establishment of Saint-Palais in the 13th century ended the flowering phase. A castle on the site of the current town hall was built in 1235 and was owned by the King of Navarre . In the summer of 1512 , during the Navarre Civil War , Garris was destroyed and looted by the troops of Ferdinand II , King of Aragon , and the population injured and killed. The castle was also destroyed.
The Huguenot Wars two centuries later did not spare the community because it was a bastion of the Catholic denomination. Jeanne d'Albret , Queen of Navarre , wanted to push the Reformation across the country. She replaced the guards of Garris Castle with Protestant troops, including 50 arquebusiers who were defeated and captured in January 1568 by Catholic troops of the landlord of Luxe after a two-day siege. With the exception of the ringleaders of the Catholic rebellion, Jeanne d'Albret issued a general amnesty. Until the end Garris should suffer again and again from troops passing through.
During the French Revolution in 1790, Garris briefly became the headquarters of a canton that comprised eight municipalities, before the municipality became the canton of Saint-Palais eleven years later. The municipality lost all privileges as the headquarters of the Pays de Mixe . The noble families were forced to emigrate, their residential buildings were abandoned and fell into disrepair.
During the Napoleonic wars , the community played a certain minor role. On February 15, 1814, the Allied army, which had advanced from Spain, under the command of Arthur Wellesleys , later Duke of Wellington , pushed outposts of the French army from the heights of Garris before the battle of Orthez took place a few days later .
The municipality was part of the municipality of Saint-Palais from 1966 to 1996.
Toponyms and mentions of Garris were:
- Garris (1119 and 1249),
- Sanctus Felix de Garris (13th century, manuscript collection by André Duchesne , volume 114),
- Garritz (1249),
- Garriz (1264),
- Castieyllo de Guarriz (1326, documents of the Kingdom of Navarre),
- Guarriz (1350),
- la biele de Garris (1413),
- Garriis (1472, notaries from Labastide-Villefranche ),
- Garritze (1508, chapter of Bayonne) and
- Garris (1750, map by Cassini ).
coat of arms
The municipality has had the coat of arms since 1845, which, according to Guy Ascarat, heraldist and historian, can be interpreted as follows.
It is the coat of arms of the lords of Garris. The wild boar was considered a sacred animal by the Celts . It symbolizes the spiritual authority of a druid with his experience and knowledge. It also stands for courage, because it knows no natural predator in its territory.
Population development
After a peak of the population of 535 in the first half of the 19th century, the number fell by around 60% with short growth phases up to the 1950s. Since then, the number of residents has risen again and has stabilized at a level of around 300.
| year | 1962 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 229 | 302 | 282 | 285 | 282 |
Culture and sights
Every year on July 31st and August 1st, the Garris market is held in the form of a folk festival. Traders, ranchers and artisans also come to Garris from outside the region.
Buildings
- Saint-Félix parish church . A century after it was built in the 11th century, it was sold to the Saint-Jean de Sorde Abbey by the two landlords who owned it . In the Huguenot Wars it was destroyed by Protestant troops in 1569 and partly rebuilt in the 17th century. From 1824 to 1826 the altarpiece was relocated to the porch to beautify the entrance. It is a remnant of an altarpiece from the 18th century and consists in particular of a gilded wooden panel on which the scene of the birth of Jesus is depicted as a relief . Mary and Joseph bend over the child in the manger, in contrast to the other figures to be recognized by the halo . Three more men kneel and pray. The donkey and the ox complete the picture. Between 1887 and 1891 the church was to be completely rebuilt, but the construction of the apse in neo-Gothic style was limited . There, in 1891, seven stained glass windows from the region's famous Mauméjean stained glass from Pau were installed, and in 1912 two more stained glass windows in the two side chapels , this time by the glass painter Gustave Pierre Dagrant from Bordeaux .
- Hilarri . There are several of these disc-shaped grave stelae in the Garris cemetery, as in many other cemeteries in the Basque Country, many of them from the 17th century. The disc-shaped stones on a trapezoidal base are decorated with Basque crosses, geometric figures or Christian symbols. Some steles in Garris have symbols associated with Mary, e.g. B. Irises , roses or rosettes, stars, moons. A stele, however, has a special symbolism. Two opposite triangles form a star. One triangle stands for the divine trinity "Father" ( God the Father ), "Son" ( Jesus Christ ) and " Holy Spirit ", the other triangle stands for a human trinity with body, soul and spirit.
- Solid house of Garris. The building, built in the 12th century, is a remnant of the former Garris Castle. It was the home of large local families and in the Middle Ages it was surrounded by defensive elements to protect the residents from outside attacks. The former large portals are still recognizable, but certain window openings are due to the modernization.
- House Chantoenia. It was built in 1712 and is considered to be one of the oldest houses in today's Garris. Its structure is that of a traditional house in Lower Navarra, even more aptly in the Pays de Mixe. The pets are housed on the ground floor and the living areas are on the first floor. The visible beams, typical of Basque architecture, are only placed in the upper part of the facade. The house is decorated with a carved wooden parapet on the balcony and decorations on the cornices and the roof.
- Pelegrinia house. The origin of the name and the previous function of the house is unclear. Either pilgrims on the Camino de Santiago were received in this house, the owner could have completed the pilgrimage himself or the name could go back to a noble family called Pélegrin. The building consists of three wings that open onto an inner courtyard and has three entrance portals, one of them in the Gothic style. Visible dates 1684 and 1689 provide information about the construction period.
- House Sehabia. Erected in 1641, it is the oldest surviving house in Garris. It is made of yellow and reddish sandstone , the best available building material in the region. As with most houses in the Pays de Mixe, the beams of the half-timbering are only attached to the upper part of the facade. The surfaces between the beams are designed in a decorative way through the inclined alignment of the bricks.
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture and services are the main economic drivers of the community. Garris is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally produced semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
total = 18
traffic
The commune is connected to Routes départementales 11, 14 and 124 and is linked to other communes in the department by a line from the Transports 64 bus network .
Web links
- "Transports 64" bus from the department (French)
- Garris on the Montagne Basque Tourist Office website (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Filière Porc Basque website (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lieux - toponymie: Garrüze (Amikuze) ( fr ) Royal Academy of the Basque Language . Retrieved May 30, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Garris ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
- ↑ a b c Garris ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
- ↑ a b c Guy Ascarat: Armorial Communes Basques ( fr ) Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
- ↑ a b c Un peu d'histoire ( fr , PDF) Garris municipality. Retrieved on May 30, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 68, 1863. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
- ↑ Major-General FC Beatson: Wellington: Crossing The Gaves And The Battle Of Orthez ( en ) Pickle Partners Publishing. November 6, 2015. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
- ^ Arthur Wellesley Wellington: The Dispatches of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington: During His Various Campaigns in India, Denmark, Portugal, Spain, the Low Countries, and France ( en ) Cambridge University Press . P. 322. November 18, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Garris ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved May 30, 2017.
- ^ Jean-Baptiste Orpustan: Nouvelle toponymie basque ( fr ) University of Bordeaux . P. 71. 2006. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Garris (64235) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved May 30, 2017.
- ↑ La foire de Garris ( fr ) Tourist Office of Lower Navarra. Retrieved on May 30, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Eglise paroissiale Saint-Félix ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 30, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Conseil regional d'Aquitaine: Détail du retable de l'église Saint-Félix ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 30, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Félix ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved May 30, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Stèles du cimetière de l'église Saint-Félix ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 30, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Maison forte de Garris ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 30, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Maison Chantoenia ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 30, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Maison Pelegrinia ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on 2017-0305-30. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Maison Sehabia ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 30, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved May 30, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune de Garris (64235) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved on May 30, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
