Royal Academy of the Basque Language

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Basque language area, provinces and dialects (1863)

The Euskaltzaindia ( Spanish Real Academia de la lengua Vasca , French Académie de la langue basque , German  Royal Academy of the Basque Language ) is a cultural institute or academy founded in 1918 , which, like the Eusko Ikaskuntza, is an institution for the maintenance and standardization of the Basque language and to their exploration through philological and etymological studies.

Its headquarters are in Bilbao with additional branches in Bayonne , Donostia-San Sebastián , Pamplona and Vitoria-Gasteiz . The emblem symbolizes an oak tree, which is accompanied by the legend of Ekin eta jarrai (persistence and continuity).

It was officially recognized as the Royal Academy in Spain in 1976, and in France it has been a public institution since 1995.

history

It was founded during the first meeting of the Eusko Ikaskuntza in Oñate in 1919 under the protection of the MPs / Councils of Álava, Vizcaya, Navarra and Guipúzcoa. On September 5, 1919, the first four members of the Basque Language Academy were appointed: Resurrección María de Azkue, Luis Eleizalde, Julio Urkixo y Arturo Campión. When the regulations were accepted to appoint twelve members of the Euskaltzaindia, Txomin Agirre, Piarres Broussain, Jean-Blaise Adema, Erramun Intzagarai, José Agerre, Juan Bautista Eguskitza, Raimundo Olabide y Pierre Lhande also joined. Resurección María de Azkue was the first president of the Euskaltzaindia.

The Euskaltzaindia was initially divided into two areas: the research department, which was dedicated to the linguistic problems of the Basque language, and the labor department, which was supposed to promote its use in all areas of society. In the first few years they spoke in Castilian (Spanish) in the meetings / assemblies and they developed the standard language Euskera batua . The need to accept and regulate neologisms was also addressed. The Euskera magazine was created to publish the decisions of the Euskaltzaindia.

Publications

  • In 1919 the publication of the first texts in the magazine Euskera began .
  • In 2002, the Erlea newspaper was first published under the direction of Bernardo Atxaga .

Working committees

The Academy is made up of working commissions that undertake different tasks in Basque language research:

  • The Lexicography Commission is working on a comprehensive Basque dictionary that includes the history and dialects of Basque, as well as a dictionary that is normative and only covers the standardized Basque language (Euskera batua).
  • The Grammar Commission has been trying since 1980 to understand the basics of Basque grammar .
  • The task of the Commission of the Linguistic Atlas is to draw up a dialectological map to record the linguistic variants in the different regions of the Basque language.
  • The Name Research Commission examines the theoretical and historical aspects of Basque language.
  • The literature commission analyzes popular and intellectual literature written in Basque.
  • The spoken language commission carries out a study of the use of the spoken Basque language, which exists in different accents depending on the region of the speaker, and forms a regulation of the language from this.

President

scientist

The academy is made up of three types of academics , called Euskaltzainak :

  • Corresponding member ( Euskaltzain Urgazleak) : These members excel in one area of ​​the Basque language. They help the academy in its daily work by doing research, looking up books, etc.
  • Full member (Euskaltzain osoak) : There are currently 23 seats (including 23 full members). A maximum of 32 seats can be occupied. Full members become emeritus members ( Euskaltzain emeritu) due to reasons of age (older than 75 years) or incapacity for work , but still retain the same powers as full members.
  • Honorary Members (Euskaltzain ohorezkoak) : These members excel in a certain area of ​​Basque language and have been appointed and honored by the Academy.

For example, Miren Azkarate was made a corresponding member in 1983 and became the first woman to become a full member in 1992 (23rd seat). Laura Mintegi and Blanca Urgell have been appointed Corresponding Members by the Academy.

See also

Web links