Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa

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Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa
Arrosa
Coat of arms of Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa
Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa (France)
Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa
region Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement Bayonne
Canton Montagne Basque
Community association Pays Basque
Coordinates 43 ° 14 ′  N , 1 ° 19 ′  W Coordinates: 43 ° 14 ′  N , 1 ° 19 ′  W
height 100-810 m
surface 18.43 km 2
Residents 537 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 29 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 64780
INSEE code
Website www.saintmartindarrossa.fr

Houses in Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa

Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa is a French municipality with 537 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Bayonne and the canton of Montagne Basque (until 2015: canton of Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry ).

The name in the Basque language is Arrosa . The inhabitants are called accordingly Arrosatar . The epithet is derived from the Basque word arlausa ( German  stone plate ). The subsoil in the municipality actually shows stacked and nested stone slabs.

Parish church of Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa against a mountain backdrop
Frontón in Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa
Station building

geography

Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa is located approx. 45 km southeast of Bayonne in the historic Baïgorry-Ossès ( Basque Baigorri-Ortzaize ) region in the historic province of Lower Navarra in the French part of the Basque Country .

The highest point in the municipality is the Jara ( 811  m ).

Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa is surrounded by the neighboring municipalities:

Bidarray
Saint-Etienne-de-Baïgorry Neighboring communities Ossès
Irouléguy Ascarat

Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa lies in the catchment area of ​​the Adour River . One of its tributaries, the Nive , marks the eastern and southeastern municipal boundary to the neighboring municipalities of Ossès and Ascarat . The Nive des Aldudes , a tributary of the Nive, crosses the area of ​​the municipality in the south.

history

The oldest of three dolmens found on the Larla massif date from prehistory and show that people visited the area as early as this period. The Dolmen Mikelare is located at the extreme north of the massif at a height of 358 m, the other two tombs of Baihuntza at the extreme southern end at 400 m and 420 m height. What they all have in common is the construction of a burial chamber, which is set up with sandstone slabs in a burial mound with a diameter of eight to twelve meters.

The two current districts of Eyharce and Exave of Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa belonged to Ossès, whose territory included the entire valley in the Middle Ages . The parish church of Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa in Exave was first made known in the scriptures in the 14th century. Eyharce was mentioned in connection with two vacant houses Arrossagarai ("Arrossa"). Charles II , known as the Evil King of Navarre , had the payment of a tax recorded from 1350 to 1353 and on this occasion twenty houses were counted in Eyharce and ten in Exave. The house of Arrossagarai was raised to the nobility by Queen Jeanne d'Albret in 1571 . With the reorganization of the territories at the beginning of the French Revolution , the area to the left of the Nive was still part of the municipality of Ossès. The parish of Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa was dissolved from Ossès in 1826. The local council of Ossès resisted a further, administrative detachment for a long time. On July 2, 1923, Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa finally became an independent municipality.

Toponyms and mentions of Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa were:

  • Erlausse and de Rause (1249),
  • Domingo de Arlaussa (1283),
  • Sanctus-Martinus d'Ouses and Sainct-Martin de Osses (1302 and 1529, documents of the cathedral chapter of Bayonne),
  • Hostal de Herlausa (1347),
  • Arlausse (1350),
  • Erlausse (1366 and 1413),
  • Arrossagaray (1526),
  • Roza and Arrossa (1547),
  • Rosa and Arrosathe (1632),
  • Saint Martin d'Arossa (1750, map by Cassini ),
  • Grand-Pont (1793),
  • Horça (1801, Bulletin des Lois ) and
  • Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa (1863, Dictionnaire topographique Béarn-Pays basque).

Toponyms and mentions of Eyharce were:

  • Eyars (1249),
  • Heyarce (1350),
  • Eyharce (1366 and 1413),
  • Ayarza (1513, documents from Pamplona ),
  • Eyharse (1675, reformation d'Ossès , 17th century manuscript , B687, sheet 59),
  • Eiharce (1750, map by Cassini) and
  • Eyharce (1863, Dictionnaire topographique Béarn-Pays basque).

Toponyms and mentions of Exave were:

  • Edsave (1235),
  • Detsau and de Chava (1249),
  • Desave (1291),
  • Exhaua (1307),
  • Etssabe (1350 and 1413),
  • Ezabe (1513, documents from Pampelona),
  • Exabe (1675, reformation d'Ossès , 17th century manuscript), B687, sheet 2),
  • Eixave (1750, map by Cassini) and
  • Exave (1863, Dictionnaire topographique Béarn-Pays basque).

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa

The municipality has had the coat of arms since 2003 and according to Guy Ascarat, heraldist and historian, it can be interpreted as follows.

It is based on the historic coat of arms of the House of Arrossagarai in which the corrugated beam was added at the point . It is a symbol for the Nive, the natural border with neighboring communities to the east. In contrast to the castle, the tower has the significance of a military building and is here supplemented by a club . This allegory is not intended to convey a provocative, but rather a deterrent meaning.

Population development

Since the municipality gained independence, the number fell from around 970 to 415 inhabitants during short recovery phases up to the 1990s. As a result, a growth phase began.

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2009 2017
Residents 457 454 439 420 391 359 390 416 537
From 1962 official figures excluding residents with a second residence
Sources: EHESS / Cassini until 1999, INSEE from 2006

Attractions

Parish Church of Saint Martin
  • Parish church dedicated to Martin of Tours . It lies on an elevation and is surrounded by the traditional cemetery. The current building is at least partially a new build in 1866 and 1867 of the earlier church, which has been on record since the 12th century. The striking component is the bell gable with a recess in its facade for the bell. The entrance on the west side with its archivolts is obviously of an older date and could have come from the original church. The single nave nave is extended by a five-walled apse . Its facade is interrupted by two window openings with thick reveals . One of the windows is bricked up and hides a statue on the outer wall . The walls are made of rubble stone and manufactured stone made of sandstone and plastered. Windows in the shape of a pointed arch and with bezels made of sandstone give light into the nave. The sacristy is located below the choir . The entrance porch gives access to the chapel , which is dedicated to Mary , Mother of Jesus Christ . It is carved into the rock and is reminiscent of the Grotto of Massabielle in Lourdes , where the Mother of God is said to have repeatedly appeared to fourteen-year-old Bernadette Soubirous . Two statues in the chapel illustrate the scene, one depicting Mary and the other Bernadette Soubirous kneeling before her. The chapel is equipped with a ribbed vault and protected by an entrance gate. It also contains a sarcophagus made of black marble and carefully decorated. It rests on two solid pillars in the grave and bears the inscription Laborde Martinto Mendirineko Hil-Harria in Basque. hil means 'death' and harri means ' stone'. On the sarcophagus is the figure of a little white angel . An extraordinary memorial for the 28 soldiers of the community who fell in World War I is on one of the walls of the parish church. A large stele bears their name. Above this list symbolizes bas-relief a Poilu who with palm leaves and a large Croix de guerre is surrounded. At the foot of the stele is a Navarra cross with an inscription in Basque, accompanied on the left and right by disc-shaped grave stelae . Those who fell in World War II are commemorated by additional plaques attached to the stele. There are also several disc-shaped grave stelae in the cemetery, some of which were reused for paving at the beginning of the 20th century.
  • Former siderite mine . Since the late Iron Age , the third century BC. There are iron mines in the municipal area. Mining activity continued during the Renaissance and the Early Modern Period . Secured by the connection with a railway, siderite was increasingly mined in the municipality between 1907 and 1914 until the deposit was exhausted. Traces of the mine are visible on the east side of Mount Larla west of the center of Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa.
  • Villa Anna. This two-story summer home is believed to have been built in the late 19th or early 20th century. It is located in the middle of a small park lined with trees. The walls are made of a mixed masonry bond of limestone and sandstone, connected with cement , built and plastered. The residential wing is covered with a tent roof with interlocking tiles. A large, artfully crafted porch characterizes the main entrance. A square, three-story tower occupies the left side. Most of its windows are rectangular with facings made of stone, with only the top and bottom sections visible. The top floor of the tower is equipped with arched twin and triple windows. On the right side of the building there is a balcony made of finely worked stone. At the back there is a second entrance that was originally intended for staff. The villa is registered as a national treasure.
  • House Arozagaraia. It was probably built in the second half of the 17th or the first half of the 18th century, which can be deduced from the cross- frame windows with sills that are now walled up and the rounded roofs on the facades on all four sides. The fireplace inside the house dates from this period. In the course of the 18th century dormer windows with twin windows with triangular gables and rounded sills were built into the attic. In the 19th century the house was redesigned mainly with regard to the windows. The house is made of stone- built of limestone and sandstone and plastered. It is covered with a roof with long roof surfaces with hollow tiles. There are two rectangular doors with lintels above consoles on the east and south facades . The house is registered as a national treasure.
  • Irungaraia farm. It was probably built at the beginning of the 17th century, which can be read, for example, from the large wedge stones of the arched gate entrance. The building saw changes in the 19th century with repairs to certain windows. In the 20th century the roof was overhauled and the left side of the building restored. The two-story building has a three-part, rectangular floor plan. It is covered with a roof with long roof areas with hollow tiles and ornate struts . The first floor is built as a half-timbered structure, which is filled in with stones and decorated with windows with wooden bezels. The keystone of the round arch of the gate is decorated with a coat of arms. To the left and right of the door are two very narrow, closed wall openings. A canopy has recently been erected on the left, covering a terrace. Inside the farmhouse, two construction methods can be seen, half-timbered and broken stone walls. The farm is registered as a national cultural asset.
  • Etxeberria farm. It was probably built at the beginning of the 17th century, which can be seen, for example, from the large wedge stones of the arched gate entrance or from the moldings on the windows. In the 18th century u. a. the windows replaced by twin windows with rounded sills. In the 19th century, mainly windows were rebuilt. During the 20th century the farm was abandoned and is now used as a shed. The two-story building has a three-part, rectangular floor plan. It is covered with a roof with long roof areas with hollow tiles and a half-hip on the back. The west facade on the first floor is built as a half-timbered structure, which is filled in with stones and has twin windows with cross floors made of wood and wedge stones. The gate entrance has rounded rungs and is decorated with spherical friezes. The keystone of the round arch is decorated with a coat of arms. On the ground floor there are two windows with rounded sills, one of which is a twin window. The partition walls on the first floor are made of timber, the walls on the ground floor are made of stone with an average thickness of 40 cm. The first four steps of the stone spiral staircase have been preserved. The farm is registered as a national cultural asset.
  • Aintzainia farm. The current farmhouse dates from the second half of the 17th century, as evidenced by the year "1668" on the protrusion of the left eaves side wall. Its construction on a wooden frame also indicates the age. It has been changed several times over the centuries, most notably in the 19th century when certain windows and parts of the wall were improved. The farmhouse has two floors and an attic. The ground floor and the eaves side walls are built and plastered with rubble stones made of sandstone and mortar. The front part of the upper floor and the partition walls inside are built as a framework, which is filled with stones, which are covered by the plaster on the outside. The house is covered with a roof with long roof surfaces with hollow tiles, with a train on the right side covering an oven. The windows are designed with frames made of wood or stone. A twin window can be seen on the first floor. Today the farm is uninhabited and registered as a national cultural asset.
  • Pikarenea farm. It was probably built towards the end of the 17th century, as the year "1693" on one of the keystones of the gate entrance and the décor of the framework testify. Changes were made to the farmhouse in the 19th century, particularly to the side windows. It underwent further changes in the 20th century. The two-story building has a two-part, square floor plan. It is built with sandstone rubble and plastered, and has a roof, the long roof surfaces of which are covered with hollow tiles. In the front part of the building, at the level of the first floor and the attic, a part is built as a half-timbered structure that is filled in with stones. On the right side wall you can see a window with a rounded sill made of sandstone that is walled up. The three keystones of the gate entrance are decorated with animal motifs. The currently uninhabited farm is also registered as a national cultural asset.

Economy and Infrastructure

AOC Irouléguy blanc

Agriculture is still a certain economic factor in the municipality, but takes a back seat to the activities of the other economic sectors with crafts and services .

Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa is located in the AOC zones of the Irouléguy wine-growing region , of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".

The Irungaraia farm in Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa produces and a. the Ossau-Iraty.

In 1892 the railway came to Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa and, in addition to the mining activity, also stimulated a certain industrialization. A sheep wool cleaning factory was built in the early 20th century and closed again in the 1940s. In 1846, a method of extracting tannins from the wood and bark of chestnuts was developed. The factory in Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa used trees in the area as raw material. More than 60 workers were employed there. The tannin was supplied to leather tanneries . A tree disease in the 1920s led to the decline in tree populations and the termination of this industry. In 1898 the railway line was extended to both Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry and Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port . The operation on the branch to Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry was stopped in the 1950s.

Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2015
total = 70

education

The community has a public primary school with 33 pupils in the 2017/2018 school year.

sport and freetime

  • A hiking trail classified as difficult with a length of 13 km and a difference in altitude of 700 m leads from the center to the summit of Jara ( 810  m ) and back.
  • The easy to medium circular route Sentier découverte gives the visitor an overview of the mining activities of the 20th century at the foot of Larla ( 705  m ). It has a length of 3.2 km with a height difference of 180 m. An extension is the medium to difficult Sentier des mineurs circular route with a length of 9.4 km and a height difference of 550 m. This leads around the Larla and provides additional insights into mining activities in antiquity and in the 19th and 20th centuries.
  • The catchment area of ​​the Nive has good water quality and offers anglers the opportunity to fish. A 1 km long zone for “no kill” fishing on the banks of the Nive has been set up in the municipality.
Ossès-Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa stop on the TER Aquitaine

traffic

Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa can be reached via Routes départementales 918 (former Route nationale 618 ) and 948 (former Route nationale 648 ).

The line 62 of the TER Aquitaine , a regional train of the national SNCF , serves the railway line from Bayonne to Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port. The Ossès-Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa stop is located in the commune of Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa .

Web links

Commons : Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Lieux - toponymie: Arrosa (Baigorri-Ortzaize) ( fr ) euskaltzaindia . Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  2. a b c d e Jean-Baptiste Orpustan: Nouvelle toponymie basque ( fr ) University of Bordeaux . P. 70. 2006. Accessed December 5, 2017.
  3. géoportail - Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa ( fr ) Institut national de l'information geographique et forestière . Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  4. Les dolmens de Larla ( fr ) commune of Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  5. Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 5, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  6. a b Guy Ascarat: Armorial Communes Basques ( fr ) Archived from the original on November 16, 2016. Retrieved on December 5, 2017.
  7. Histoire du village ( fr ) Commune of Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  8. présentation de la commune de Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  9. ^ Journal officiel de la République française - Lois et décrets ( fr ) Bibliothèque nationale de France . P. 6390. July 4, 1923. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  10. ^ A b c Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. S. 128, 1863. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  11. a b c David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  12. ^ A b Notice Communale Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  13. Populations légales 2006 Commune de Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa (64490) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  14. Populations légales 2014 Commune de Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa (64490) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  15. Église Saint-Martin ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Retrieved on December 5, 2017.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / visites.aquitaine.fr  
  16. a b église paroissiale Saint-Martin ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  17. Chapelle de la Vierge de l'église Saint-Martin ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Retrieved on December 5, 2017.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / visites.aquitaine.fr  
  18. Tombeau de l'église Saint-Martin ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Retrieved on December 5, 2017.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / visites.aquitaine.fr  
  19. Monument aux morts de Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Retrieved on December 5, 2017.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / visites.aquitaine.fr  
  20. Cimetière à stèles discoïdales de Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Retrieved on December 5, 2017.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / visites.aquitaine.fr  
  21. Mine de fer spathique de Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Retrieved on December 5, 2017.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / visites.aquitaine.fr  
  22. Le patrimoine minier ( fr ) commune of Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  23. maison appelée Villa Anna ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  24. maison Arozagaraia ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  25. ferme Irungaraia ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  26. ferme Etxeberria ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  27. ferme Aintzainia ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  28. ferme Pikarenea ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  29. Économie et Tourisme ( fr ) Commune of Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  30. Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher-un-produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  31. Maite & Arnaud Goñi ( fr ) AOP Ossau-Iraty interest group. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  32. Patrimoine ( fr ) commune of Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  33. Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa (64490) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  34. ^ École élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  35. Jara / Arrossa ( fr , PDF) Tourist Office of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port and Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  36. Mines de Larla ( fr ) commune of Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  37. Pêche sur la Nive ( fr ) commune of Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa. Retrieved December 5, 2017.