Lecumberry
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Lecumberry Lekunberri |
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Bayonne | |
| Canton | Montagne Basque | |
| Community association | Pays Basque | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 8 ′ N , 1 ° 9 ′ W | |
| height | 247-1,468 m | |
| surface | 58.09 km 2 | |
| Residents | 172 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 3 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64220 | |
| INSEE code | 64327 | |
 House in Lecumberry |
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Lecumberry is a French municipality with 172 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Bayonne and the canton of Montagne Basque (until 2015: canton of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port ).
The name in the Basque language is Lekunberri . The inhabitants are called Lekunberritar accordingly .
geography
Lecumberry is located approx. 60 km south-east of Bayonne in the historic Pays de Cize ( Basque Garazi ) of the historic province of Lower Navarra in the French part of the Basque Country . The municipality borders in the south on the Autonomous Community of Navarre in northern Spain .
Lecumberry is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Ahaxe-Alciette-Bascassan | Bussunarits-Sarrasquette | Hosta |
| Estérençuby |
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Béhorléguy Mendive |
| (Spain) | Larrau |
Lecumberry lies partly in the catchment area of the Adour River and partly of the Ebro .
Tributaries of the Nive , a tributary of the Adour, flow through the territory of the municipality:
- the Ruisseau l'Ampro with its tributaries
- Chiripisiako Erreka and its tributary
- Gasnateguiko Erreka,
- Uritchondoko Erreka,
- Intzarrazquyko Erreka with its tributary
- Artekoheguiko Erreka with its tributary
- Maluzaharreko Erreka and
- Artekoheguiko Erreka with its tributary
- Chiripisiako Erreka and its tributary
- the Laurhibar with its tributaries
- Etcheberriko Erreka and
- Ruisseau le Behorleguy, also called Urhandia.
The Iratiko Erreka, a tributary of the Aragón , also irrigates the municipality in the southern part with its tributaries:
- the Ruisseau de Sourzay,
- the Larreluchéko Erreka,
- the Patarbeltcheko Erreka,
- the Oraatéko Erreka and
- the Rivière l'Egurguy with its tributaries
- Iraunabako Erreka with its tributary
- Muskuldyko Erreka,
- Toscako Erreka,
- Churruztako Erreka and
- Murgatzaguiko Erreka with its tributary
- Contracharoko Erreka.
- Iraunabako Erreka with its tributary
The Mikelauensilo grotto, which is not open to the public, is one of the protected natural sites in the Pyrenees. It harbors a rare population of bats the way Mediterranean horseshoe bat . The animals and their hunting area within a radius of 5 km were examined by the Société française pour l'étude et la protection des mammifères in a study in 2007.
history
The municipality was settled at an early age, as demonstrated by Cromlechs from the Iron Age on the heights of Mount Okabe. Until the 15th century, the parish was only mentioned in the scriptures via the three villages of Ianitz (or Janits), Latarza and Sarriazkoiti, which are now districts of the parish. Knowledge of the history of the community remains patchy. The establishment of the noble house Donamartia in the 12th century and the recording of 61 households in Janits in the 17th century are known.
Toponyms and mentions of Lecumberry were:
- Lecumberry (1402, deeds of the Kingdom of Navarre ),
- Laccumberry (1650),
- Saint Martin de Lecumberry (1703, 18th century manuscript of the Diocese of Bayonne ),
- Sanctus-Martinus de Janits vulgo de Lecumberry (1763, collations of the diocese of Bayonne),
- Leccumberry (1750, map by Cassini ),
- Lecumberry (1793 and 1801, Notice Communale and Bulletin des lois, respectively ) and
- Lécumberry (1863, Dictionnaire topographique Béarn-Pays basque).
Toponyms and mentions of Janits were:
- Ianiz (1264 and 1340),
- Janiz (1350),
- Yanitz (1366),
- Yaniz (1513, documents from Pamplona ),
- Janits (1750, map by Cassini) and
- Sanctus Martinus de Janits (1763, collations of the Diocese of Bayonne).
Toponyms and mentions of Latarza (Latarce) were:
- Latarça (1264 and 1350),
- Latarce (1366),
- Latarce (1708, Regulations of the Commandery of Irissarry ) and
- La Tarse (1750, map by Cassini).
Toponyms and mentions of Sarriazkoiti were:
- Sarriasgoyti (1304),
- Sarriascoyti (1350) and
- Sent Martin Dessariayzcoiti (1366).
coat of arms
The municipality has had the coat of arms since 2002.
The left part shows the coat of arms of the Saint-Martin family and the right part the coat of arms of the Salle de Ianiz family (now a district of Lecumberry under the name Janits ).
Population development
After a peak in the number of inhabitants of 664 in the first half of the 19th century, the number fell to a level of around 500 during short periods of recovery by the 1870s, before the size of the community decreased again at the beginning of the 20th century. Since the turn of the millennium, the number of inhabitants has fallen to below 200.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 286 | 259 | 227 | 215 | 208 | 182 | 182 | 182 | 172 |
Attractions
- Lecumberry Parish Church, dedicated to Martin of Tours . When the former parish church near a permanent house called Donamartia got into a state in which the safety of the faithful could no longer be guaranteed, the community decided to build a new one between 1867 and 1874. The single-nave nave is replaced by a polygonal one in the east Apse completed. The square bell tower rises up on the west side with a twin window and an oculus above it on all four sides of the belfry. A wooden gallery runs around the inside of the nave on three sides. As is customary in all churches in the Basque Country, the places on the gallery are traditionally reserved for men, since in the Basque Country men and women stay separately during mass . Access to the gallery of this church is provided by an internal staircase and two external spiral staircases made of wrought iron on the north and south sides. The nave is covered by a false barrel vault in the shape of a round arch, the choir is covered by a false ribbed vault . The stained glass windows with motifs of religious figures are works of the renowned Mauméjean stained glass . The parish church was restored during the 20th century and is registered as a national treasure. In the Lecumberry cemetery, which surrounds the parish church, there are several disc-shaped grave steles, called Hilarri , also with Navarra crosses, two elements of funeral art that are typical of the Pays de Cize . The Hilarri build on the pre-Christian tradition and were very popular in the Basque Country between the 16th and 18th centuries. These traditional steles, which are set up against the rising sun and rarely bear the name of the deceased, are often decorated with a Basque cross, called a lauburu , but can also be decorated with vegetable, religious, artistic or sun symbols. Navarra crosses, on the other hand, are carved from a single block of stone.
- Iturraldea farm. The farmhouse in the Janits district was probably built between 1650 and 1750, making it one of the oldest houses in Lecumberry. As with most farmhouses in the region, this house also has an eskaratz , a central entrance area from which all other rooms in the living and working areas are accessible. The front part contains the living rooms, bedrooms on the left, the kitchen on the right, the rear area the rooms for agricultural activities (stable and hayloft above). The extension in the back of the house is more recent.
- Teilagorria farm. The date of construction of the farmhouse in the Ahatekarrika district is unknown. The year "1792" on a board above the entrance shows the date of a renovation, during which the house was probably enlarged, equipped with a hipped roof and doors and windows modernized. A second residential wing was probably added to the right around 1894, as evidenced by the inscription "PIERRE 1895 ETCHELECU MAISON TEILLAGORRIA 1792", decorated with depictions of birds and Basque crosses, above the door to eskaratz . Additional outbuildings were added in the 20th century. The division of the rooms around a central eskaratz corresponds to that of the Iturraldea farmhouse. The specialty of this house is the two-tone edging of the entrance door made of alternating stones made of red sandstone and white limestone , as is often found in Lower Navarra. The farmhouse was restored during the 20th century and is registered as a national treasure.
- Former Donamartia Fixed House. The 14th-century buildings are window openings, loopholes , corbels one on the west and east side, a fragment of cornice on the south side and demolition traces of a crowd Watchtower preserved from its origin. The building was redesigned several times. From its original at least four floors, two remain today. In the 17th century a staircase was built into the building and the south side received window openings corresponding to the yokes . At the same time, the dovecote was built as a stand-alone outbuilding. The perches for the pigeons are in the upper part, the nesting places are made of red bricks. Owning a dovecote separate from the residential building was a privilege of landlords during the times of the Ancien Régimes up to the French Revolution . Since then, the dovecote has been used as a storage room. On a plaque inside the house, which was originally placed on the facade, the year "1750" can be seen next to an upside-down coat of arms. During this time, the interior was redesigned and equipped with chimneys. In the 19th century the arched entrance and two window openings were created on the eastern side. The year "1852" on the entrance to the former horse stable shows the year it was built.
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture and tourism determine the municipality's economy. Several farms produce products from sheep's milk. Lecumberry is located in the AOC zones of the Irouléguy wine-growing region , the Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and ham "Kintoa".
total = 29
sport and freetime
The GR 10 long-distance hiking trail from Hendaye on the Atlantic to Banyuls-sur-Mer on the Mediterranean leads through the municipality.
A hiking trail of 14 km in length with an altitude difference of 470 m leads from the parking lot in Iraty-Cize through the Forêt d'Iraty , the largest beech forest in Europe, to the summit of the Okabe and the Cromlechs.
traffic
Lecumberry is crossed by Routes départementales 18 and 301.
Web links
- Lecumberry on the association's website (French)
- Lecumberry on the Montagne Basque Tourist Office website (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Information on the “Kintoa” ham on the Montagne Basque Tourist Office website (French)
- Study by the Société française pour l'étude et la protection des mammifères on the bats' way of life in the Mikelauensilo grotto (French)
Individual evidence
- ^ Lieux - toponymie: Lekunberri (Garazi) ( fr ) Royal Academy of the Basque Language . Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Lecumberry ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ Patrimoine naturel d'Aquitaine ( fr ) Conservatoire d'espaces naturels Aquitaine. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ Lecumberry ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 12, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ^ A b c Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. Pp. 84, 96, 98, 1863. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ a b c David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Lecumberry ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ^ A b c Jean-Baptiste Orpustan: Nouvelle toponymie basque ( fr ) University of Bordeaux . Pp. 138, 139. 2006. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ 64 327 - LECUMBERRY - LEKUNBERRI (Pyrénées Atlantiques) ( fr ) L'armorial des villes et des villages de France. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune de Lecumberry (64327) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Lecumberry (64327) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ Eglise Saint-Martin ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Martin ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Cimetière de Lecumberry ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ferme Iturraldea ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ ferme Iturraldea ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ Ferme Teilagorria ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ ferme Teilagorria ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ Pigeonnier dit Urtso Dorrea ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Maison forte Donamartia, actuellement maison ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher-un-produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune de Lecumberry (64327) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ GR®10: la traversée des Pyrénées ( fr ) Comité Régional de la Randonnée Pédestre Midi-Pyrénées. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ Okabe ( fr , PDF) Tourist Office of the Piémont Oloronais. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
