Iholdy
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Iholdy Iholdi |
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Bayonne | |
| Canton | Pays de Bidache, Amikuze et Ostibarre | |
| Community association | Pays Basque | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 17 ′ N , 1 ° 11 ′ W | |
| height | 109-577 m | |
| surface | 21.63 km 2 | |
| Residents | 549 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 25 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64640 | |
| INSEE code | 64271 | |
 Iholdy Town Hall |
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Iholdy is a French municipality with 549 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine . The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Bayonne and the canton of Pays de Bidache, Amikuze et Ostibarre (until 2015: canton of Iholdy ).
The name of the municipality is Iholdi in the Basque language . The residents are named accordingly Iholdiar .
geography
Iholdy is located approx. 45 km southeast of Bayonne in the historic Arberoue ( Basque Arberoa ) region in the historic Lower Navarra region in the French part of the Basque Country .
The highest point in the municipality is the Hoxahandia ( 577 m ).
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Helette | Poor charity | |
| Irissarry |
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| Suhescun | Lantabat |
Iholdy is located in the Adour river basin . Two tributaries of the Bidouze , the Joyeuse and the Lihoury , arise on the territory of the municipality. Three tributaries of the Joyeuse, the Lohiolako Erréka, the Uharreytako Erreka and the Osinako Erreka, also flow through the municipality.
history
The first mentions of Iholdy in the scriptures date back to the Middle Ages , but archaeological finds of a Roman military camp and a hill fort show settlement in earlier eras. In 1191, Richard the Lionheart , King of England , gave the village to the King of Navarre , an act that Henry III. , King of England and Duke of Aquitaine , wanted to see it revised in the 13th century. In 1655 Iholdy was raised to the baronate in favor of Antoine d'Olce. Because of this award, numerous aristocratic residences were established in the municipality and Iholdy became the headquarters of various administrative units in the following centuries.
Toponyms and mentions of Iholdy were according to Jean-Baptiste Orpustan:
- hyhout (1249),
- ihout (1258),
- yot (1264),
- ihot (1292),
- hyot (1307) and
- yhot (1350).
On the map of Cassini from 1750, the community is already entered under its current name, in 1755 the parish church was mentioned as Sanctus Joannes d'Iholdy in a manuscript collection from the 17th and 18th centuries in Bayonne.
Population development
After the population peaked at over 1,000 in the first half of the 19th century, the number fell to around 400 with short growth phases by the turn of the millennium. Since then, the number of residents has risen to over 500 again.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 554 | 522 | 525 | 505 | 527 | 412 | 450 | 489 | 549 |
Culture and sights
Iholdy is one of the parishes in Lower Navarra that celebrates the Feast of Corpus Christi every year with a procession with costumed participants.
Buildings
Parish church
The origins of the parish church dedicated to the beheading of John the Baptist go back to the Middle Ages. Several renovations were carried out in the 17th century, as evidenced by the dates 1605 on the lintel above the entrance door and 1693 on the lintel of the porch. During this time the porch was built, under which there are numerous grave slabs and disc-shaped grave steles, so-called hilarri , on its west side . The lintel above the entrance to the church shows, in addition to the year, a Maltese cross , a cross and rosettes decorated with irises , while the lintel above the entrance to the porch has a decoration of a cross and rosettes in addition to the year. At the end of the 19th century, the building was enlarged with the addition of two side chapels and the construction of galleries inside the church, and the bell gable was rebuilt. The long building contains a nave with a false transept through the two side chapels. The apse is flat and is extended by the sacristy . The bell gable on the west side has a curved shape and shows a wall opening for the bell.
The entrance porch of the church is two-story. On the upper floor, which rests on four square pillars made of ashlar , extends a gallery made of solid wood, which can be reached via a straight external staircase. Its construction dates from the end of the 19th or beginning of the 20th century, probably the same period as the construction of the galleries inside the church.
The galleries extend on the north and south side on one level, on the south side on two levels and can be reached via wooden stairs. In the Basque Country, gallery seats are traditionally reserved for men during mass , while women and children take their places on the ground floor of the nave.
The side chapels are equipped with coffered ceilings , the intersections of which are decorated with irises. One of the chapels is separated from the nave by a large pointed arch, in the wall of which two coats of arms are arranged in cartouches . The coat of arms on the right could not be identified. The depiction of a miter and two keys that surround it allows at least the assignment to a church person. The left coat of arms is the coat of arms of the Olce family, which shows three gold rafters on a red background with a silver star in the upper right corner . The existence of coats of arms of noble families shows the nobility's strong ties to the church.
One of the grave crosses in the cemetery that surrounds the parish church shows a peculiarity in that it is completely covered by rosettes as the only ornament. Otherwise, the Latin cross has a classic appearance with semicircular, protruding ends on the arms and a slight widening in the middle of the foot. Dating the cross is not easy, but the lack of inscriptions allows it to be placed before the 19th century, a period that marked the beginning of a certain decline in cemetery art. There are numerous examples of disc-shaped grave steles to be found in the Iholdy cemetery.
- Hilarri in the Iholdy cemetery
Oxarty Chapel
Outside the center of the village, near the municipal boundary, there is the Oxarty chapel, which is dedicated to Blasius von Sebaste and was built in the Middle Ages. The inscription above the door of the chapel mentions the year 1594, but the raised wall next to the fountain appears to be much older. Twice a year, on February 3rd, the feast day of St. Blaise, and on Whit Monday, the chapel is the destination of a pilgrimage . One asks the patron saint to protect the cattle or for help with childhood diseases or sore throats. A depiction of the saint can be seen as a bas-relief on the door of the chapel . It shows his attributes , miter and crook , which remind us that in the 4th century he was bishop of Sebaste, today's Sivas in northeastern Turkey . Above the figure appears the inscription "SAN BLADI", ie Saint Blaise in Basque, above a lamb lying. A rosette below the figure completes the decoration.
Olce Castle
Olce (or Olzo in Basque) is a noble house of the Kingdom of Navarre mentioned in the scriptures in 1300, 1366 ( olço ) and 1412 ( la salle dolço ). Charles III of Navarre gave Arnauton d'Olce the territory of Eulza and all its income. The current castle was built in the second half of the 17th century at the foot of the hill where a simple castle was located. Its first owner was Jean d'Olce, Bishop of Bayonne from 1644 to 1681. The year “1655” is engraved on two stones of the frame of a window on the lower floor, the lintel above the main entrance bears the year “1655” together with the Inscription "IHS MARIA" (IHS is the short form of the name Jesus) and a cross. Above the door is the coat of arms of the Olce family, a Maltese cross and a rose window on a plaque. A plaque on an outside gate, reused by the owners, shows the year "1690", a cross decorated with irises and two stars. There are several indications that the castle was built around a former permanent house . Extensive restoration work took place at the end of the 20th century, which saved the building from certain decay.
The castle consists of a central residential wing, which is flanked by two protruding pavilions , which are built slightly higher than the residential wing, with the right pavilion being wider than the left. All parts of the building have a hipped roof , the pavilions with flat bricks, the main building with hollow bricks. The walls are made of limestone , partly plastered. Light falls through two windows with window crosses into the first floor of the main wing, on the top floor two oculi with round window gables provide lighting. Inside, an imposing spiral staircase allows access to the upper floors, with each landing of pots with an implied fire or flower vases made of stucco . The top floor is divided around a gallery. The left pavilion houses a chapel with a ceiling completely covered with stucco, the right pavilion houses the kitchen on the ground floor. Each room in the castle has a stucco fireplace. The former bread oven in the park has fallen apart. The outbuildings have round gate entrances with large wedge stones .
Elizabelar mansion
The mansion was first mentioned in 1397 in a document from the archives of the Kingdom of Navarre, which are kept in Pamplona . The house of Eliçabelarrea was also mentioned between 1515 and 1520 and then in 1536. The fighters at the four watch towers on each corner of the house each show a face. The headgear of the figure of the western tower is characteristic of the 16th century. These works are therefore created earlier than the restoration around 1680, a date on the main entrance in the south-west. This allows access to the ezkaratz , the central room in Basque houses, from which all other rooms are accessible. The course of the spiral staircase dates from the 17th century, although the stringer is of an earlier date. Each room in the building is equipped with a fireplace. The crowd watch towers covered with conical roofs can be reached via the top floor. Today the house is privately owned and inhabited.
Watermill Arteko Eyhera
Because of the numerous flowing waters in the Basque Country, there have been many water mills over the centuries for grinding grain or tanning animal hides into leather. In contrast to farmhouses, there are no mills that are typical for the region in question. The Iholdy watermill is fed by the Joyeuse. It has a large facade and is equipped with a gable roof with a slight incline. On the right-hand side, the water flows through two large, heavily lined openings to move the mill wheel. The three windows on the first floor are simple and small, those on the top floor have only one sash. The factual and unadorned construction in a region with elegant residential buildings is a reminder that it is a building with a purely functional function. "Arteko Eyhera" ( German "Mill of the Green Oak" ) has been converted into a farmhouse when its original function was given up, as with the other registered mills in the region.
Decorated stone on a corner of a house
When houses were built in the past, building materials from earlier, replaced buildings were often reused. The use of already manufactured building blocks saved the client time and money. This is also the case with a house in Iholdy where a modeled stone from an earlier building was installed lying on a corner instead of upright. It shows a cross on a stepped base surrounded by two smaller crosses. Only a few letters of an inscription can be recognized. It is undoubtedly a fragment of a fall.
Farmhouse in the style of the Soule
It differs in its construction and structure from most of the other farmhouses in the region. According to its marked lintels, the house was built or rebuilt in the 18th century. It is long and two-story, the upper floor with four windows that are framed with stones. Its hipped roof has a slight slope. The facades have no half-timbering, and no gallery decorates the gable. The arrangement of the entrances, which is unusual for Lower Navarre, reveals that there is no central eskaratz , a central room in houses in the region from which all other rooms of the house are accessible.
Farmhouse Ameztoia
Ameztoia was mentioned in 1309 as an ameztoy and in 1366 as an ameztoy as a free house. The current building was erected at the end of the 17th century. The keystone of the entrance gate on the ground floor bears the year “1698” together with the inscription “JESUS MARIA” and an ornament with three crosses and rosettes. The twin window on the left and the fireplace in the kitchen date from this era, as do the wooden frames. The lintel over the twin window is also decorated. It shows motifs that are often to be found on graves, a rosette in a square and a cross decorated with irises, the base of which shows the shape of a crescent moon. Flower-shaped ornaments at both ends complete the work. With its inscription, this fall is intended to underline the bond between the living and the dead. Another lintel shows the date “1785” with the inscription with the names of the owners “IOANNES D'ETCHEBERRY GRACIANNE D'ANCEGARAY” and a decoration of rosettes and a monstrance . This indicates a renovation, in particular the increase in the roofing, which expanded the previously compact building. At the same time, new window openings with wooden frames were created, especially on the main facade. The inside of the house is divided in the traditional way for Basque farmhouses with a central eskaratz , from which all living and agricultural work rooms extend. Straight wooden stairs lead to the first floor, which is used as a hayloft. An extension on the right side houses a sheep pen. At the back of the house there is another stable with a barn. A poultry and pigsty is housed in a free-standing shed in the courtyard. Today the Ameztoia farmhouse is no longer inhabited, but is still privately owned.
Lintel of a house from 1716
In the middle of this lintel, a disk and a cross can be seen, two religious symbols that can be found at numerous burial sites in the Basque Country. This representation is also intended to show the close bond between the living and the dead. Two flower pots can be seen at the outer ends of the stone, typical motifs in Lower Navarre. In addition to the year “1716”, the decoration shows the residents of the house at that time: “IESUS MARIA TRISTANT D HARGINDEI E MARIA DE FRANCEZ TEGUI”. It is sometimes difficult to read these inscriptions because sculptors were often illiterate and were content to work from models whose meaning they did not necessarily understand.
Door lintel with a rooster motif
Door lintels are characteristic of the construction in Lower Navarra, as a slight overhang that occupies the entire area between the door and the window above. The whole gives the viewer the shape of a bottle. This lintel is divided into three sections, in the middle of which there is an inscription in French: "FAIT BATIR PAR MICHEL TOPINO ET DOMINIQUE LAGAN L'AN 1849 SABI ASSI" ( German "Built by Michel Topino and Dominique Lagan in 1849 Sabi Assi" ) . In the other two sections, the motifs are arranged symmetrically. The rooster greets the rising sun, drives away the night and the witches. Interpreted as a Christian symbol, the rooster stands for the victory of good over evil and refers to the resurrection of Jesus Christ . Flower pots are often used motifs and can be understood as a sign of welcome. The rosettes are basic motifs on decorations. Modeled lintels are an expression of independent Basque culture and give the facades an unmistakable character. This art survived the centuries, also to underline the importance of a dwelling as the core of society.
- Ornate window and door lintels in Iholdy
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture, small industries and services are the main economic drivers of the community. Iholdy is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally produced semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
total = 74
sport and freetime
The frontón of the municipality is the starting point of the 12 km long hiking trail to Hoxahandia ( 577 m ) of medium difficulty, which also leads past the Castle of Olce.
Not far from the center of the municipality, the lake with a surface of 1.5 hectares dams the Joyeuse. In addition to fishing, it offers a campsite and a small sandy beach 70 m long and 10 m wide.
education
The community has a public primary school with 44 students in the 2016/2017 school year.
traffic
The municipality can be reached via Routes départementales 8 and 300.
Personalities
Jean Dolce or Jean d'Olce, born in Iholdy in 1644, died in Bayonne in 1681, was bishop in Boulogne-sur-Mer , Agde and Bayonne. On June 9, 1660, he celebrated the wedding of the French King Louis XIV and the Infanta Maria Teresa of Spain .
Web links
- Iholdy on the website of the former community association
- Iholdy on the Montagne Basque Tourist Office website (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Filière Porc Basque website (French)
- Information on the “Kintoa” ham on the Montagne Basque Tourist Office website (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lieux - toponymie: Iholdi (Arberoa) ( fr ) euskaltzaindia . Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ géoportail - Iholdy ( fr ) Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière . Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Iholdy ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ^ Conseil regional d'Aquitaine: Iholdy ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ^ Jean-Baptiste Orpustan: Nouvelle toponymie basque ( fr ) University of Bordeaux . S. 114. 2006. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ^ Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 82, 1863. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ^ Notice Communale Iholdy ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune d'Iholdy (64271) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Iholdy / Iholdi ( fr ) of the tourist offices Montagne Basque. Retrieved on June 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Eglise de la décollation de Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b église paroissiale de la Décollation de Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Galeries extérieures de l'église de la décollation de Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Tribunes de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Voûte de plafond lambrissé, église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil regional d'Aquitaine: Croix du cimetière de l'église Saint Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Chapelle Saint-Blaise ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Porte en bois sculpté de la chapelle Saint-Blaise ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Château d'Olce ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ manor Elizabelar, actuellement maison ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Manoir Elizabelar ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Moulin "Arteko Eyhera" ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Pierre sculptée à l'angle d'une maison d'Iholdy ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Ferme souletine d'Iholdy ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ ferme Ameztoia ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Ferme Ameztoia ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Linteau de la ferme Ameztoia ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Linteau de porte de 1746 d'une maison d'Iholdy ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Linteau de porte avec coq d'une maison d'Iholdy ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune d'Iholdy (64271) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved on June 20, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Circuit Hoxa Handi à Iholdy ( fr ) Tourist office of Lower Navarra. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Rivières: Bassin de la Nive ( fr ) Association des Propriétaires Riverains de la Nive. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Camping Aintzira . campingfrance.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Plage du lac d'Iholdy ( fr ) gralon.net. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ^ École élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
