Larceveau-Arros-Cibits
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Larceveau-Arros-Cibits Larzabale-Arroze-Zibitze |
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Bayonne | |
| Canton | Pays de Bidache, Amikuze et Ostibarre | |
| Community association | Pays Basque | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 14 ′ N , 1 ° 6 ′ W | |
| height | 113-642 m | |
| surface | 18.08 km 2 | |
| Residents | 413 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 23 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64120 | |
| INSEE code | 64314 | |
.jpg) Town hall of Larceveau-Arros-Cibits |
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Larceveau-Arros-Cibits is a French municipality with 413 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine . The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Bayonne and the canton of Pays de Bidache, Amikuze et Ostibarre (until 2015: canton of Iholdy ).
The name of the municipality is Larzabale-Arroze-Zibitze in the Basque language . The residents are called Larzabaldar , Arroztar or Zibiztar accordingly .
geography
Larceveau-Arros-Cibits is located approx. 60 km southeast of Bayonne in the historical region of Ostabarret ( Basque Oztibarre ) in the historical region of Lower Navarre in the French part of the Basque Country .
Larceveau-Arros-Cibits is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Lantabat | Ostabat-Asme | |
| Ainhice Mongelos |
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Joke |
| Gamarthe | Ibar roll | Bunus |
Larceveau-Arros-Cibits is located in the catchment area of the Adour River .
One of its tributaries, the Bidouze , crosses the municipality's territory, as does its tributary
- Artikaitéko Erreka with its tributaries
- Erreka Handia and
- Arlako Erreka.
history
On the border to the neighboring community of Lantabat on the Gazteluzahar ( 479 m ) there is an archaeological site with a prehistoric ring wall , which documents an early settlement of the area.
At the beginning of the Middle Ages, representatives of the Kingdom of Navarre founded the municipality of Larceveau as a bastide to show their presence on the Camino de Santiago to Santiago de Compostela . In 1119 it was first mentioned in the form of Larçabal in connection with the pilgrims' hostel , depending on the landlord Sault von Cibits. From 1199 onwards, the village of Utxiat received pilgrims on the Camino de Santiago. One of the most important priests and hospitals in the region, Sainte-Madeleine , was first mentioned in 1227. In addition, the Navarre estates regularly gathered in this hamlet. In 1343 Utxiat had 23 inhabitants, mostly lay people, who did work in the priory. Linked to the church of Utxiat, Cibits was nevertheless an independent parish with a pilgrims' hostel and a cemetery on the Way of St. James.
Both Larceveau and Cibits and Arros were devastated during the Huguenot Wars in 1570 . The Utxiat Priory was looted and then set on fire at the same time. Its function as a hospital was by decree of the French King Louis XVI. repealed in November 1784 in favor of the Saint-Palais hospital . In the turmoil of the French Revolution , the buildings of the former priory and hospital were set on fire, and the lay workers became owners of their farms in June 1795.
Larceveau became the capital of a canton when the territories were redistributed at the beginning of the French Revolution , before the municipality was added to the canton of Iholdy in 1801. Utxiat was incorporated into the municipality of Larceveau between 1790 and 1794. The former municipalities of Arros and Cibits merged on June 20, 1842 with the municipality of Larceveau to form the new municipality of Larceveau-Arros-Cibits.
Toponyms and mentions of Larceveau were:
- Larsaval and Larseval (1119 and 1167, respectively, manuscript collection by André Duchesne , volume 114, sheets 32 and 35),
- Larsaval (1120),
- Sanctus Vicentius de Larcevau (1160),
- Larceval (1167),
- Larçabau (1292, 1350, 1413),
- Larssabau (1477, contracts from Ohix, notary from Soule, sheet 51),
- Larcabau (1513, documents from Pamplona ),
- Larsabau (1518, chapter of Bayonne),
- Larçaval , Larçabal and Larzabal (1621, after Martin de Viscay),
- Larcebeau (1750, map by Cassini ),
- Larceveau (1793, Notice Communale),
- Larcevau (1801, Bulletin des lois ) and
- Larceveau (1863, Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées).
Toponyms and mentions of Arros were:
- Arrosium (1100),
- Arros (1350) and
- Arros (1750, map by Cassini).
Toponyms and mentions of Cibits were:
- Sevis (1150),
- Sanctus Andreas de Civiz (1160),
- Siviç (1350),
- Çibitz (1413),
- Sent Andriu de Cibitz (1472, notaries from Labastide-Villefranche , No. 2, sheet 22),
- Civitiz (1513, documents from Pamplona) and
- Cibits (1750, map by Cassini).
Toponyms and mentions of Utxiat were:
- Uxiat (1227, Gallia Christiana ),
- La Magdelene de l'espitau d'Utsiat (1441, notaries from Labastide-Villefranche),
- Uxat (1488, notaries from Pau ),
- Uciat (1513, documents from Pamplona),
- Utziate (1621, after Martin de Viscay),
- Utxiat (1750, map by Cassini),
- Utxiat (1793, Notice Communale) and
- Utziat (1863, Dictionnaire topographique Béarn-Pays basque).
coat of arms
According to Guy Ascarat, heraldist and historian, the coat of arms of the municipality of Larceveau-Arros-Cibits can be interpreted as follows.
The fields of the coat of arms are coats of arms of the various noble houses of the municipality:
top left: La Salle (Larceveau),
left half from top right: La Salle de Murulu (Arros),
right half from top right: Pedro (Arros),
bottom left: Dona Maria (Lacerveau) and
below right: La Salle de Sault (Cibits).
Population development
After a peak of almost 800 inhabitants in the mid-19th century, the number of inhabitants fell to a level of around 500 by the 1870s, and by around 100 to a level of around 400 by the 1940s is held until today.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 452 | 394 | 388 | 424 | 406 | 395 | 407 | 403 | 413 |
Attractions
Buildings
Parish Church of Larceveau
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It is dedicated to Lawrence of Rome . On the occasion of the passage of pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela, the first church was probably built in the Middle Ages. It was completely destroyed in the Huguenot Wars in the 16th century, and the current church was rebuilt elsewhere in 1854. Its floor plan shows a Latin cross with a single nave long house of two bays and two side chapels that form a false transept. A flat apse forms the end. The nave has a false barrel vault , the apse a false groin vault . A straight wooden staircase at the entrance of the church leads to the galleries in the nave and in the chapels, whose places, as in most Basque churches, are traditionally reserved for men during mass .
Next to the church is a disc-shaped grave stele called Hilarri from the adjacent cemetery. The oldest stelae in the Basque Country date from the 16th and 17th centuries, and some may even be older, like the one in the parish church in Larceveau. The inscription on the trapezoidal substructure is no longer legible today. The disc attachment is covered by a five-pointed star together with three rosettes and a leaf with a stem in four of the five spaces between the teeth. This radial motif is widespread in the Basque Country and can also be found on door or window lintels or on furniture.
Parish Church of Cibits
It is dedicated to the Apostle Andrew . A church with the name sanctus andreas de civiz is mentioned in the Livre rouge ( German Red Book ), a collection of documents from the 11th and 12th centuries of the cathedral of Dax . In the 19th century, renovations took place in which the bell tower and possibly the porch and the sacristy were built. During the 20th century the church was restored and maintained. The porch is open on three sides with arched passages. A grave slab is embedded in the ground under the porch, which is decorated with a crucifix and two ray-shaped motifs, the lower part is occupied by intersecting beams. The inscription, which covers most of the stele, reveals the identity of the deceased, but does not provide any information about his social status within the community. It says that Detchebers Chrisogon died on February 20, 1837 at the age of 83. Traditionally important and wealthy people or priests are buried in this way. The porch is attached to a facade that merges into the bell tower, which has a polygonal helmet covered with slate . The single-nave nave with a length of two bays is covered on the inside by a false wooden barrel vault and is equipped with wooden galleries that can be reached via a straight, brick-built outside staircase. The sacristy on a rectangular floor plan is built on the flat apse to the east.
In this church, too, Hilarri are dug deep into the earth and displayed on the church wall. The disc of one of these steles is filled with a five-pointed star, in the center of which a paw cross is engraved in a circle. Lilies fill in the gaps between the points of this star. The grave stele originally comes from the Arros cemetery, which has been abandoned. It was moved to this place in 1960 at the instigation of the former mayor Emmanuel Lartique, as well as a cross with the year 1786 on his two arms. A wreath of rays is engraved at the crossing point of the arms, a symbol of the Eucharist and the divine presence, the foot is decorated with a tooth-shaped motif.
Dona Maria mansion
The original building was built as a permanent house between the 13th and 14th centuries away from the center of the municipality next to the former chapel of Sainte-Marie de Bulunza . In the register of 1365 it is mentioned as a nobility seat under the name lostau de santa maria . The location of the chapel is marked on the Cassini map, in the land register of 1832 it is listed as destroyed. Pero Sanz de Leizarazu was the owner of the house in 1376. In 1762 an outbuilding was erected to house the staff, as evidenced by a corresponding inscription FAIT L'AN 1762 on the keystone of the entrance together with an ornament with a cross and four rosettes . In the 18th century extensive renovation work was carried out that transformed the fortress house into a simple mansion and took away its defensive character. In the 19th century the house was renovated and adapted to meet the requirements of agricultural use. A stable and a house for the tenant farmer were added at that time. The current mansion still shows its robust structure and three loopholes in the east wall as evidence of its original function. It is privately owned, is still inhabited and has been renovated in the 21st century.
Farm in Cibits
The way most of the farmhouses in the French Basque Country are built shows in which historical province, Labourd , Lower Navarra or Soule they are located. Sometimes, however, the influences are mixed, as in a farmhouse in Cibits, whose facade at first glance looks like other buildings in Lower Navarre. The influences of the design of the Soule can be seen in a stone-framed gate entrance that leads to the eskaratz , a central entrance area from which all other rooms in the living and working areas are accessible. In addition, the stable is separated from the living area in the rear area of the farm. Access from the farmhouse to the stable is from the rear of the eskaratz . In the Basque Country, inscriptions on lintels or lintels are not only used for decoration, but also for personalizing houses in general. The lintel of this farmhouse with its inscription reveals the names of the owners Gratian Eliache (1645–1782), Anne Hitateguy (1702–1775) and Charles Massun with the words “GRATIAN DE ELISSECHEANA” and “DE HITATEI CHARLES MASUN 1743”. In the middle of the lintel a cross decorated with irises can be seen, which is surrounded by four different rosettes. The top part is covered with a garland of plants and pecking birds.
Jauregia farm
The house of Jauregia is mentioned as a noble seat in the register of the Kingdom of Navarre from 1365 in the form lasale de larcabau . In 1591 the house was converted into a farmhouse, as the corresponding year number on the keystone of the round arch of the entrance door confirms. In the 19th century, except for this door, all windows and doors were provided with wooden frames. The kitchen window has been made smaller and a wine store has been added. The wooden slats on the facade, which are typical for the region, cover the first floor and the attic. The internal division into three areas is still present today. The eskaratz leads to the kitchen on the left and the former stable on the right side of the house. In the kitchen, original elements such as the chimney with corbels and walls , a hob under the window and the sink have been preserved. At the end of eskaratz , a wooden spiral staircase leads to the living area on the first floor, from where a straight wooden staircase leads to the attic. In the courtyard, a barn, a stable and a hen house complete the equipment of the farm, which is still inhabited today. A former stable has been converted into a pharmacy.
Zaldua farm
In the district of Zaldua in the southern part of today's municipality of Larceveau-Arros-Cibits, at the end of the 13th or beginning of the 14th century, a permanent house was built on a mound, surrounded by a moat. It included the 14th century all the houses of the "new town" of Larceveau and put the most important estate of Ostabarrets . In the registers of the Kingdom of Navarre of 1365 and 1412 it was in the form of la sal de saut mentioned a noble residence of the parish Cibits. A masonry with a thickness of 1.50 meters and loopholes made it possible to defend against a small enemy force for a few hours. Between 1933 and 1939 the house was converted into a farmhouse with elements that are important in the Basque Country, such as the eskaratz , an attic and a cattle shed with a hayloft. The height of the house was reduced by two meters at the same time. A sign under the roof of the stable shows the year “1933” and another sign above the entrance door to the living area bears the inscription “FAIT BATIR PAR MARTIN ET GRACIEUSE OYHENART 1939”. A cross, surrounded by two stars and a heart, is engraved in the keystone of the round arch.
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Remains of the Utxiat Priory
The watermill and the two residential buildings are the last remains of the priory today.
Museums
Interpretation center of Basque funerary steles and funeral arts
A collection of around 100 Basque funerary steles recovered in the 1950s is exhibited in an outdoor and an indoor area to explain to the public the work of stonemasons and the beliefs and funeral rites of earlier times. Blackboards and short videos in French, English, Basque and Spanish explain the ethnographic and geographical context as well as the social and spiritual dimension. Entry is free; Visitors turn to the town hall or local vendors to obtain a magnetic card for entry.
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture has traditionally been an important economic factor in the municipality, but the service sector is also well represented.
Larceveau-Arros-Cibits is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and ham "Kintoa". The "Istara" cheese dairy in Larceveau u. a. this type of cheese. The milk is collected from more than 500 small farms within a radius of 30 km.
total = 71
education
The municipality has a private pre-school, a public primary school and the private college “Manex Erdozaintzi Etxart”.
sport and freetime
The GR 65 long-distance hiking trail from Geneva to Roncesvalles leads through the municipality. It follows the Via Podiensis , one of the four historic St. James' paths.
The Gazteluzahar circular route of medium difficulty with a length of 9 km and a difference in altitude of 310 m starts and ends at the parish church of Larceveau and leads u. a. to the archaeological site on the Gazteluzahar.
traffic
Larceveau-Arros-Cibits is connected to Routes départementales 918 (former Route nationale 618 ) and 933 (former Route nationale 133 ) and is connected to other communes in the department by a line from the Transports 64 bus network .
Web links
- Larceveau-Arros-Cibits on the website of the former association of municipalities
- Larceveau-Arros-Cibits on the Montagne Basque Tourist Office website (French)
- "Transports 64" bus from the department (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Information on the “Kintoa” ham on the Montagne Basque Tourist Office website (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lieux - toponymie: Larzabale-Arroze-Zibitze (Oztibarre) ( fr ) Royal Academy of the Basque Language . Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Larceveau-Arros-Cibits ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d Larceveau-Arros-Cibits ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 14, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Hameau d'Utxiat ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 14, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Vestiges du prieuré-hôpital ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 14, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Notice Communale Larceveau-Arros-Cibits ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. Pp. 13, 50, 94, 172, 1863. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d Jean-Baptiste Orpustan: Nouvelle toponymie basque ( fr ) University of Bordeaux . Pp. 88, 89, 91. 2006. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ Notice Communale Utxiat ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ 64 314 - LARCEVEAU ARROS CIBITS -LARZABALE ARROTZ ZIBITZE- (Pyrénées Atlantiques) ( fr ) L'armorial des villes et des villages de France. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Larceveau-Arros-Cibits (64314) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Laurent ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ Eglise Saint-Laurent ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 14, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Stèle discoïdale de l'église Saint-Laurent ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 14, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ église paroissiale Saint-André ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ Eglise Saint-André ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 14, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Dalle funéraire sous le porche de l'Eglise Saint-André ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 14, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Stèle discoïdale de l'église Saint-André ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 14, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Croix de carrefour du cimetière de l'église Saint-André ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 14, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ maison forte, puis maison de maître, actuellement Maison Dona Maria ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ Maison Dona Maria ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 14, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ferme de Cibits ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 14, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Linteau de la ferme de Cibits ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 14, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ ferme Jauregia ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ Ferme Jauregia ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 14, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ maison forte, actuellement ferme Zaldua ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ Ferme Zaldua ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 14, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Un center d'interprétation des stèles discoïdales et de l'art funéraire basques ( fr ) Institut culturel basque. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ Fromagerie Istara - Pyrénéfrom ( fr ) association AOP Ossau-Iraty. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune de Larceveau-Arros-Cibits (64314) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ L'annuaire - Pyrénées-Atlantiques (64), Larceveau-Arros-Cibits ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ GR® 65, le chemin de Compostelle via le Puy ( fr ) Fédération française de la randonnée pédestre . Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ Gazteluzahar á Larceveau ( fr ) Tourist Office of Lower Navarre. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
