Gamarthe
Gamarthe Gamarte |
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region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
Arrondissement | Bayonne | |
Canton | Montagne Basque | |
Community association | Pays Basque | |
Coordinates | 43 ° 12 ′ N , 1 ° 9 ′ W | |
height | 196-642 m | |
surface | 9.91 km 2 | |
Residents | 126 (January 1, 2017) | |
Population density | 13 inhabitants / km 2 | |
Post Code | 64220 | |
INSEE code | 64229 | |
View of Gamarthe |
Gamarthe is a French municipality with 126 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Bayonne and the canton of Montagne Basque (until 2015: canton of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port ).
The name in the Basque language is Gamarte . The inhabitants are named accordingly Gamartear .
geography
Gamarthe is located about 55 km southwest of Bayonne in the French part of the Basque Country . The place is part of the Pays de Cize , a historic region in Lower Navarre .
Gamarthe is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
Ainhice Mongelos | Larceveau-Arros-Cibits | |
Lacarre | Ibar roll | |
Bussunarits-Sarrasquette |
Gamarthe lies in the catchment area of the Adour River . A tributary of the Laurhibar , the Ruisseau Arzuby, also called Bassaburuko Erréka here, as well as its tributary Ruisseau Tosca and the Erreka Handia river, has its source in the municipality. The Ruisseau de Laminosine, a tributary of the Bidouze , crosses the territory of the municipality in the southeastern part.
history
Little is known of Gamarthe's history. The community was associated with mineral or medicinal springs for a while, which would explain the origin of the name. It probably comes from the Basque gamo-arte , German "between two healing waters". In the Middle Ages , the parish was a branch of the parish of Lacarre.
Toponyms and mentions of Gamarthe were:
- Amoart (1292),
- Gamoart (1304, 1309, 1350, 1366),
- Gamoart (1513, documents from Pamplona ),
- Gamarte (1750, map by Cassini) and
- Sanctus Laurentius de Gamarte (1767, 17th and 18th century manuscripts of the Diocese of Bayonne ).
Population development
After the highest number of inhabitants with over 300 inhabitants in the first half of the 18th century, the number fell by a total of more than two thirds to around 100 inhabitants during short recovery phases up to the 1990s. This overall negative trend has not continued since then, but there is no evidence of sustained growth.
year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
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Residents | 137 | 132 | 113 | 113 | 105 | 105 | 113 | 122 | 126 |
Attractions
- Parish Church of Gamarthe, dedicated to Lawrence of Rome . It was mentioned for the first time in 1767, but its simple structure with a nave can be traced back to the Middle Ages. The door on the west side dates from the beginning of the 17th century. Towards the end of the same century there were major restorations and alterations, as six dates show: 1780 on the lintel of the now walled-up door of the porch in the west and in 1783 on a former window of the sacristy , on a ring anchor on the apse and on three wall openings on the South side. This points to the construction of the sacristy, the porch and the openings of new windows in the nave . The town hall was probably set up at the end of the 18th or the beginning of the 19th century on a floor above the porch of the church. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the entire building was restored again. Today's church is covered with a slate roof, on the top of which the square bell tower rises with its slate-covered tent roof . An outside staircase leads to the town hall as well as to the inside of the church on the gallery , which is traditionally reserved for men who, according to tradition, sit separately from women during a mass . The entrance door in the west is provided in a round arch with large wedge stones and decorated with round bars . Disc-shaped grave steles, called Hilarri , are kept under the porch and a memorial plaque is attached to the community's soldiers who died in the First World War .
- Bordaburua farm. At the beginning of the 17th century the farmhouse was built in a traditional way with a living area and sheepfold around an eskaratz , a hallway from which all other rooms are accessible. The hayloft was located in the attic of the rear part of the building above the sheep pen. An oven for baking bread was housed in a small annex. In the course of the 19th century, extensive renovations took place in which the living area was spatially separated from the agricultural work area. The building was extended to the left of the entrance door and, as a first step, a new sheepfold with a hayloft was added. The access to the former sheepfold to the right of the entrance was bricked up at the same time. A second extension to the left with a new construction of a sheep pen with a hayloft then took place. The current residential wing dates from 1897, as evidenced by the inscription "BATIR PAR JEANNE ETCHECOIN ET ARNAUD ELICAGARAY L'AN 1897" ( German built by Jeanne Etchecoin and Arnad Elicagaray in 1897 ).
- Bidegainea farm. The original building was probably built in the 17th century with the same traditional division of rooms around an eskaratz as the Bordaburua farmhouse. The special thing about the central part of the building is the timber frame. In the course of the 18th century two side parts were added, in the 19th century the farmhouse was redesigned including a renewal of the eskaratz door . Some architectural elements, such as B. an open fireplace, date from the time of the first construction.
- Crossroads of Galcetaburu. The Route départementale 933, (former Route nationale 133 ), follows an old Roman road , in the medieval part of the Camino de Santiago to Santiago de Compostela . At its highest point on the section between the valley of the Bidouze and the valley of the Nive , at the confluence of the road that leads to the center, a stone cross was erected in 1714. The cross attached to a capital of a column has the shape of a Latin cross , with the arms ending in hemispheres. A crucified Christ is depicted on it, the head exactly in the middle, the oversized hands spread out with fingers of the same size, the arms pointing upwards. The year 1714 is carved in the stone on his feet. Two heads protrude from below the transom. The first verses of the Vexilla regis are engraved as an inscription on the reverse .
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture and food processing are important economic drivers in the community. One of the largest meat processing companies in the department has one of its locations in the municipality. Gamarthe is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
sport and freetime
The GR 65 long-distance hiking trail from Geneva to Roncesvalles runs right through the municipality. It follows the Via Podiensis , one of the four historic St. James' paths.
The long-distance hiking trail GR 78 from Carcassonne to Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port also touches the municipality.
traffic
Gamarthe is crossed by Routes départementales 120, 522 and 933, the former Route nationale 133.
Web links
- Gamarthe on the Association of Municipalities website (French)
- Regional Tourist Office website (French)
- Gamarthe on the Montagne Basque Tourist Office website (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Filière Porc Basque website (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lieux - toponymie Gamarte (Garazi) ( fr ) euskaltzaindia . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Gamarthe ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ^ Jean-Baptiste Orpustan: Nouvelle toponymie basque ( fr ) University of Bordeaux . S. 130. 2006. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ^ Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 66, 1863. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ↑ Notice Communale Gamarthe ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune de Gamarthe (64229) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Gamarthe (64229) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Laurent ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ↑ Eglise Saint-Laurent ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 29, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ ferme Bordaburua ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ↑ Ferme Bordaburua ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 29, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ ferme Bidegainea ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ↑ Ferme Bidegainea ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 29, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Croix de Galcetaburu ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune de Gamarthe (64229) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved on May 18, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ GR® 65, le chemin de Compostelle via le Puy ( fr ) Fédération française de la randonnée pédestre . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ↑ GR®78: le chemin du piémont pyrénéen ( fr ) Comité Régional de la Randonnée Pédestre Midi-Pyrénées. Retrieved May 29, 2017.