Gamarthe

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Gamarthe
Gamarte
Gamarthe (France)
Gamarthe
region Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement Bayonne
Canton Montagne Basque
Community association Pays Basque
Coordinates 43 ° 12 ′  N , 1 ° 9 ′  W Coordinates: 43 ° 12 ′  N , 1 ° 9 ′  W
height 196-642 m
surface 9.91 km 2
Residents 126 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 13 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 64220
INSEE code

View of Gamarthe

Gamarthe is a French municipality with 126 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Bayonne and the canton of Montagne Basque (until 2015: canton of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port ).

The name in the Basque language is Gamarte . The inhabitants are named accordingly Gamartear .

geography

Gamarthe is located about 55 km southwest of Bayonne in the French part of the Basque Country . The place is part of the Pays de Cize , a historic region in Lower Navarre .

Gamarthe is surrounded by the neighboring communities:

Ainhice Mongelos Larceveau-Arros-Cibits
Lacarre Neighboring communities Ibar roll
Bussunarits-Sarrasquette

Gamarthe lies in the catchment area of ​​the Adour River . A tributary of the Laurhibar , the Ruisseau Arzuby, also called Bassaburuko Erréka here, as well as its tributary Ruisseau Tosca and the Erreka Handia river, has its source in the municipality. The Ruisseau de Laminosine, a tributary of the Bidouze , crosses the territory of the municipality in the southeastern part.

history

Little is known of Gamarthe's history. The community was associated with mineral or medicinal springs for a while, which would explain the origin of the name. It probably comes from the Basque gamo-arte , German "between two healing waters". In the Middle Ages , the parish was a branch of the parish of Lacarre.

Toponyms and mentions of Gamarthe were:

  • Amoart (1292),
  • Gamoart (1304, 1309, 1350, 1366),
  • Gamoart (1513, documents from Pamplona ),
  • Gamarte (1750, map by Cassini) and
  • Sanctus Laurentius de Gamarte (1767, 17th and 18th century manuscripts of the Diocese of Bayonne ).

Population development

After the highest number of inhabitants with over 300 inhabitants in the first half of the 18th century, the number fell by a total of more than two thirds to around 100 inhabitants during short recovery phases up to the 1990s. This overall negative trend has not continued since then, but there is no evidence of sustained growth.

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2009 2017
Residents 137 132 113 113 105 105 113 122 126
From 1962 official figures excluding residents with a second residence
Sources: EHESS / Cassini until 1999, INSEE from 2006

Attractions

  • Parish Church of Gamarthe, dedicated to Lawrence of Rome . It was mentioned for the first time in 1767, but its simple structure with a nave can be traced back to the Middle Ages. The door on the west side dates from the beginning of the 17th century. Towards the end of the same century there were major restorations and alterations, as six dates show: 1780 on the lintel of the now walled-up door of the porch in the west and in 1783 on a former window of the sacristy , on a ring anchor on the apse and on three wall openings on the South side. This points to the construction of the sacristy, the porch and the openings of new windows in the nave . The town hall was probably set up at the end of the 18th or the beginning of the 19th century on a floor above the porch of the church. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the entire building was restored again. Today's church is covered with a slate roof, on the top of which the square bell tower rises with its slate-covered tent roof . An outside staircase leads to the town hall as well as to the inside of the church on the gallery , which is traditionally reserved for men who, according to tradition, sit separately from women during a mass . The entrance door in the west is provided in a round arch with large wedge stones and decorated with round bars . Disc-shaped grave steles, called Hilarri , are kept under the porch and a memorial plaque is attached to the community's soldiers who died in the First World War .
  • Bordaburua farm. At the beginning of the 17th century the farmhouse was built in a traditional way with a living area and sheepfold around an eskaratz , a hallway from which all other rooms are accessible. The hayloft was located in the attic of the rear part of the building above the sheep pen. An oven for baking bread was housed in a small annex. In the course of the 19th century, extensive renovations took place in which the living area was spatially separated from the agricultural work area. The building was extended to the left of the entrance door and, as a first step, a new sheepfold with a hayloft was added. The access to the former sheepfold to the right of the entrance was bricked up at the same time. A second extension to the left with a new construction of a sheep pen with a hayloft then took place. The current residential wing dates from 1897, as evidenced by the inscription "BATIR PAR JEANNE ETCHECOIN ET ARNAUD ELICAGARAY L'AN 1897" ( German  built by Jeanne Etchecoin and Arnad Elicagaray in 1897 ).
Crossroads of Galcetaburu
  • Bidegainea farm. The original building was probably built in the 17th century with the same traditional division of rooms around an eskaratz as the Bordaburua farmhouse. The special thing about the central part of the building is the timber frame. In the course of the 18th century two side parts were added, in the 19th century the farmhouse was redesigned including a renewal of the eskaratz door . Some architectural elements, such as B. an open fireplace, date from the time of the first construction.

Economy and Infrastructure

Ossau-Iraty

Agriculture and food processing are important economic drivers in the community. One of the largest meat processing companies in the department has one of its locations in the municipality. Gamarthe is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".

Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2014
total = 21

sport and freetime

The GR 65 long-distance hiking trail from Geneva to Roncesvalles runs right through the municipality. It follows the Via Podiensis , one of the four historic St. James' paths.

The long-distance hiking trail GR 78 from Carcassonne to Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port also touches the municipality.

traffic

Gamarthe is crossed by Routes départementales 120, 522 and 933, the former Route nationale 133.

Web links

Commons : Gamarthe  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Lieux - toponymie Gamarte (Garazi) ( fr ) euskaltzaindia . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  2. Ma commune: Gamarthe ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  3. ^ Jean-Baptiste Orpustan: Nouvelle toponymie basque ( fr ) University of Bordeaux . S. 130. 2006. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  4. ^ Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 66, 1863. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  5. ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  6. Notice Communale Gamarthe ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  7. Populations légales 2006 Commune de Gamarthe (64229) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  8. Populations légales 2014 Commune de Gamarthe (64229) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  9. église paroissiale Saint-Laurent ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  10. Eglise Saint-Laurent ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 29, 2017.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / visites.aquitaine.fr  
  11. ferme Bordaburua ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  12. Ferme Bordaburua ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 29, 2017.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / visites.aquitaine.fr  
  13. ferme Bidegainea ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  14. Ferme Bidegainea ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 29, 2017.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / visites.aquitaine.fr  
  15. Croix de Galcetaburu ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  16. Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  17. Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune de Gamarthe (64229) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved on May 18, 2017.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.insee.fr  
  18. GR® 65, le chemin de Compostelle via le Puy ( fr ) Fédération française de la randonnée pédestre . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  19. GR®78: le chemin du piémont pyrénéen ( fr ) Comité Régional de la Randonnée Pédestre Midi-Pyrénées. Retrieved May 29, 2017.