Ilharre
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Ilharre Ilharre |
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Bayonne | |
| Canton | Pays de Bidache, Amikuze et Ostibarre | |
| Community association | Pays Basque | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 24 ′ N , 1 ° 2 ′ W | |
| height | 22-142 m | |
| surface | 10.55 km 2 | |
| Residents | 152 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 14 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64120 | |
| INSEE code | 64272 | |
Ilharre is a French municipality with 152 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine . The municipality belongs to the Bayonne arrondissement and the canton of Pays de Bidache, Amikuze et Ostibarre (until 2015: canton of Saint-Palais ).
The name of the municipality is Ilharre in the Basque language . The residents are named accordingly Ilhartar .
geography
Ilharre is located approx. 55 km east of Bayonne in the historical Pays de Mixe ( Basque Amikuze ) of the historical region of Lower Navarra in the French part of the Basque Country .
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Bergouey-Vlichenave | Labastide-Villefranche | |
| Labets-Biscay |
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Abitain |
| Gabat | Arbouet-Sussaute |
Ilharre lies in the catchment area of the Adour River . One of its tributaries, the Bidouze , flows along the western and partly southern borders with the neighboring communities of Labets-Biscay and Gabat.
Tributaries of the Bidouze also flow through the area of the municipality:
- the Chubitoco Erreka and its tributary
- Pagolako Erreka and
- the Lauhi breed.
history
In the Middle Ages , the small town was involved in the first documented case of witch persecution in the region. In 1370 a farmer in the village was charged with killing a child. The case was heard before the Council of the Kingdom of Navarre , which pronounced the farmer a witcher and sentenced him. For a while there was an abbey in the parish that received pilgrims on the nearby St. James' Way to Santiago de Compostela .
Toponyms and mentions of Ilharre were:
- Sanctus Laurentius de Brucoe (1160),
- Ilarre (1513, documents from Pamplona ),
- Ylharra (1519, documents of the souls ),
- Ylharre and Ylarre (1621, after Martin de Viscay) and
- Ilharre (1750, map by Cassini ).
Population development
After a peak in the number of around 450 inhabitants in the middle of the 19th century, the number fell to around 130 with short growth phases by the turn of the millennium. Since then, the number of residents has increased again.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 160 | 169 | 157 | 158 | 146 | 135 | 131 | 136 | 152 |
Attractions
Parish Church of Ilharre
It was built in the Middle Ages , as evidenced by its Romanesque tabernacle and its mention in the copial books of the 12th century. The medieval origins are also reflected in the Romanesque appearance of the church, especially on the pyramid roof of its massive bell tower . Despite its small proportions, the church has a nave , which is framed by two side chapels . As with most Basque churches, this parish church with its cemetery is surrounded by a wall.
The medieval tabernacle is set into the wall and looks like a miniature model of the entrance portal of a church. The small door is framed by an arch and several columns and crowned by capitals and pinnacles . The use of wood and stone as the only materials is characteristic of Romanesque art.
The baroque , polychrome main altar with its gilded altarpiece dates from the 18th century and shows a large number of statuettes of saints such as B. Francis of Assisi , Mary or Jesus Christ . The altarpiece is located on the rear wall of the choir under a tracery window in the shape of a pointed arch, which is embellished with lead glass . The entire work is particularly emphasized by the framing columns in red and gold, which are similar to those of the church in Arraute .
The side altar in one of the side chapels is dedicated to the Virgin Mary and probably dates from the 19th century, at a time when the veneration of Mary was reviving . Above the altar table is a painting depicting Mary, surrounded by a neoclassical marble frame . The painting shows Mary with a halo surrounded by a group of praying clergy. Two cherubs hover above . The front of the altar is decorated with gold strips, and the niches are framed with depictions of St. Francis, the Madonna with Child Jesus and a young martyr . There is a statue of the Virgin Mary on the left side of the altar table.
Disc-shaped grave steles, so-called hilarri , are arranged at the foot of the outside staircase of the church . Despite wear and tear over time, the decorations can still be seen today. The most elaborate stele shows a multitude of geometrical figures. Such Hillari repeatedly raise the question of symbolism, which seems puzzling.
A white stele under the porch commemorates the residents of the community who died in the wars. A holy water font is set into the wall next to the stele so that the faithful can pray for the salvation of the deceased. The inscriptions in French and Basque show the affiliation of the inhabitants to the French nation and at the same time the regional Basque identity.
Cemetery cross
It dates from the 19th century, recognizable by its wrought iron material and the way it is worked. For a long time, the creation of crosses was traditionally the preserve of master builders, from 1750 all areas of craftsmanship found access, as in this case a local iron smith. The shapes of this cross are influenced by Gothic architecture, which was very fashionable in the 19th century. Incorporated into the iron, Mary is depicted above two angels at the foot of the cross .
House of the sexton
As can be seen from the wear and tear, but also the robustness of its half-timbering, the sexton's house was probably built in the 18th century. The living room is on the first floor, supported by thick classic columns, one of which is made from the reddish sandstone of the Pays de Mixe . The small building is above the cemetery and very close to the church. For many centuries the duties of a sexton were to keep the keys of the church, maintain the church and distribute the blessed bread. The office of sexton is a peculiarity in the Basque Country, where a religious office was introduced into the male-dominated organization of the Catholic Church , which is reserved only for women.
House Barberania
Built in the 18th century, the house was bought by the community in 1880 to build a school and a teacher's apartment. The old house was partially demolished to be rebuilt between 1881 and 1884. Over time, the rooms of the town hall were furnished in the building. Although the building is built in the style of the region, it is more similar to the modern palace buildings of the 18th and 19th centuries than to the country houses with their typical cantilevers . The access is created through two entrance portals, which are embellished with gray and reddish sandstones of the Pays de Mixe . The right entrance appears as the older one with its old wooden door, tympanum and pillars. The shutters are painted in the traditional red ox blood colors.
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture has traditionally been an important economic factor in the municipality. Ilharre is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
total = 24
traffic
Gabat can be reached via routes départementales 29, 134, 246 and 321.
Web links
- Ilharre on the Montagne Basque Tourist Office website (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Filière Porc Basque website (French)
- Information on the “Kintoa” ham on the Montagne Basque Tourist Office website (French)
Individual evidence
- ^ Lieux - toponymie: Ilharre (Amikuze) ( fr ) Royal Academy of the Basque Language . Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Ilharre ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ a b Ilharre ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Église Saint-Laurent ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 21, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 81, 1863. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ^ Notice Communale Ilharre ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune d'Ilharre (64272) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ Eglise Saint-Laurent ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 21, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Tabernacle médiéval de l'église Saint-Laurent ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 21, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Maître-autel de l'église Saint-Laurent ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 21, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Autel de la Vierge de l'église Saint-Laurent ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 21, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Stèles discoïdales d'Ilharre ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 21, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Monument aux morts d'Ilharre ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 21, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Croix de cimetière d'Ilharre ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 21, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Benoîterie d'Ilharre ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 21, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Maison Barberania ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 21, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher-un-produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune d'Ilharre (64272) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved on June 21, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
