Labastide-Villefranche
| Labastide-Villefranche | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Orthez et Terres des Gaves et du Sel | |
| Community association | Bearn des Gaves | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 27 ′ N , 1 ° 1 ′ W | |
| height | 21–156 m | |
| surface | 15.27 km 2 | |
| Residents | 335 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 22 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64270 | |
| INSEE code | 64291 | |
 Labastide-Villefranche town hall |
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Labastide-Villefranche is a French municipality with 335 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie (until 2016: Arrondissement Pau ) and the canton of Orthez et Terres des Gaves et du Sel (until 2015: Canton Salies-de-Béarn ).
The name in the Gascognischen language is La Bastida Vielafranca . The inhabitants are called labastidois or labastidoises .
geography
Labastide-Villefranche is about 55 km northwest of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the Lauhire region of the historic province of Béarn on the border with the French part of the Basque Country and on the northern edge of the department.
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Saint-Pé-de-Léren | ||
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Came Arancou |
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Saint-Dos Auterrive Escos |
| Bergouey-Vlichenave | Ilharre | Abitain |
Labastide-Villefranche is located in the catchment area of the Adour River .
Tributaries of the Gave d'Oloron flow through the territory of the municipality:
- the Ruisseau de la Pounte,
- the Ruisseau l'Entran and
- the Baniou.
In addition, the Lauhirasse, a tributary of the Bidouze , marks the southwestern border to the neighboring municipality of Bergouey-Vlichenave.
history
The discovery of a battle ax made of copper in Labastide-Villefranche, which dates from early history , proves an early settlement.
In 1292 the parish of Marguerite, Vicomtesse of Béarn, was founded as a bastide in an area with several lakes and swamps. It was in response to the recently built defenses of Gascon , which was ruled by the Kingdom of England , to protect the Bearner capital, Orthez . For this purpose, a watchtower was built to transmit optical signals. Forty years after the founding of the Bastide, Gaston Fébus , Viscount of Béarn, had the tower converted into a donjon and an adjoining castle built to strengthen it . In 1338 the residents finally got the lifting of the feudal relationship . The census in Béarn in 1385 recorded 23 households in Labastide-Villefranche, which together with Mu (now a district of Castagnède ) had formed a Bailliage that extended to Saint-Dos, By and le Leu (the latter two are now districts from Oraàs ). Labastide-Villefranche was also the headquarters of a notary's office, whose area of responsibility also included Saint-Dos, Castagnède and Carresse-Cassaber . In 1392 a market was established to sell cattle and grain from the surrounding area.
In 1523 the troops of Charles V , when Carlos I was King of Spain, destroyed the castle and devastated the bastide. The Huguenot Wars did not leave Labastide-Villefranche unscathed, not least because it was one of the first communities to acknowledge Protestantism . The municipality retained a certain importance until the French Revolution , at the beginning of which it became the headquarters of a canton.
Toponyms and mentions of Labastide-Villefranche were:
- Bielefranque (around 1360, documents from Came ),
- Vielefranque (1375, contracts of the notary Luntz),
- Sent Saubador de Bielefranque and Bielefranqua (1442 and 1472, respectively, notaries from Labastide-Villefranche),
- La Bastide de Vielefranca (1538, manuscript collection from the 16th to 18th centuries),
- La Bastide de Béarn (1750, map by Cassini ),
- Labastide (1793, Notice Communale),
- La Bastide (1801, Bulletin des lois ) and
- La Bastide-Villefranche (1863, Dictionnaire topographique Béarn-Pays basque).
Population development
After the first highs of the population of over 900 in the first half of the 19th century, the number fell to below 300 by the 1990s. Since then, the community has seen moderate growth.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 412 | 378 | 364 | 332 | 284 | 292 | 316 | 331 | 335 |
Attractions
- Parish church dedicated to the Ascension of Christ . An arched notch and traces of a bricked-up Gothic door on the south wall of the nave attest to the origins of the church at the end of the Middle Ages . Like many other churches, this one was converted into a so-called Temple of Reason for a short time in 1793 during the French Revolution . In 1795 Catholic masses could already be read again in the church . In 1851 the bell tower was rebuilt over the entrance porch and the north side chapel was built, in 1862 work was carried out on the restoration of the walls and the vault. Between 1865 and 1875 the church was with stained glass windows fitted, works of glass painter Gustave Pierre DAGRANT from Bayonne . In 1902 restorations were carried out again: repairing the roof and the roof truss, raising the walls of the nave, enlarging the chapel, restoring the vault and removing the walls for additional windows.
- Former chapel of Ordios. The district of Ordios is located away from the center in the northern part of the municipality of Labastide-Villefranche. The pilgrims from Ordios was a stage on the section from Bordeaux to Ostabat of St. James to Santiago de Compostela . Peter III of Gabarret, Viscount of Béarn, donated the land to the Church in 1151 to build a pilgrims' hostel, a monastery and a chapel. Protestant troops under Gabriel de Lorges , Count of Montgomery, set the village on fire in 1569 during the Huguenot Wars. In 1739 the pilgrims' hostel and chapel were still receiving pilgrims , but during the French Revolution the chapel was sold as a national property and turned into a stable. For this purpose, the Romanesque apse was demolished and replaced with a straight wall. The remains of the chapel are all that remains of the pilgrims' hostel today. A bell gable extended its west facade in earlier centuries. The stairs on the northeast corner certainly gave access to an outbuilding. The north and south façades are interrupted by a vaulted passageway that did not exist in the original building. The eastern facade has been provided with stones from the former, semicircular apse. From the original decorations, two capitals with sculptures of animals and personalities have stood the test of time.
- Tower. In the documents of the late Middle Ages, the tower is registered as la Bastide de Béarn . Half of it is made of limestone and the other half of granite and had machiculi all around it , on the outer wall between two consoles recessed throwing or casting openings. The interior is illuminated through numerous wall openings. The windowless dungeon was on the ground floor , the first floor was protected by arched slits. Only on the upper floors were openings for windows broken into the walls, which were only built in at a later time, in the 15th century, which was carried out at the same time as the fortifications were increased to five floors at that time. Next to the tower was a castle, which was connected to the tower on its south side by a drawbridge . Since the destruction by the Spanish troops of Charles V in 1523, only the tower remains of the medieval city fortifications that adjoined the tower and the castle. The remains of the ruined castle are under Louis XIII. used to build a Protestant church. In 1853 lightning struck the tower and damaged it. The tower is still an imposing structure with a width of 10 m and a height of around 30 m and a wall thickness of 1.60 m.
- Bijou Castle. The estate, built in 1763, was completely rebuilt from 1913 to 1924. The castle also includes a park with a dock by the lake, a Romanesque monastery from the 12th century, a neo-Gothic chapel, a vegetable garden and plant gardens. For the construction of outbuildings, an orangery and greenhouses , the national road had to be relocated. After the Second World War , an increasing neglect began, the low point of which was set by a fire in 2000. Ownership then changed from an insurance company to a private investor who had the palace and park restored.
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture, services and tourism are important economic factors in the municipality. Labastide-Villefranche is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
total = 44
education
The community has a public preschool.
sport and freetime
The two lakes, Lac de Labourdadé and Lac de la Pounte , which are close to the center, invite you to fish (including pikeperch , pike , perch , largemouth bass ) and picnic.
traffic
Labastide-Villefranche can be reached via Routes départementales 29, 277, 656 and 936 (former Route nationale 636 ).
Web links
- Labastide-Villefranche on the association's website (French)
- Website of the Tourist Office of the Association of Municipalities (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Information on the “Kintoa” ham on the Montagne Basque Tourist Office website (French)
- Labastide-Villefranche on the website of the intercommunal tourist office of Nay (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Labastide-Villefranche ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d e Labastide-Villefranche ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Labastide-Villefranche ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ↑ a b Labastide-Villefranche ( fr ) Office de Tourisme de Salies de Béarn. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ^ A b Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 23f. 1863. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Labastide-Villefranche ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune de Labastide-Villefranche (64291) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Labastide-Villefranche (64291) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Eglise de l'Ascension-Saint-Sauveur ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 24, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ église paroissiale de l'Ascension Saint-Sauveur ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Chapelle d'Ordios ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 24, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Chapelle d'Ordios ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Tour de Gaston Fébus à Labastide-Villefranche ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 24, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Tour ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ^ Domaine du Château Bijou ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ↑ Eric Normand: Patrimoine en Béarn: six belles demeures en péril ( fr ) La Republique des Pyrenees. September 14, 2013. Accessed June 24, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune de Labastide-Villefranche (64291) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ^ École maternelle ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- ↑ Labastide-Villefranche / La Bastida ( fr ) Communauté de communes du Béarn des Gaves . Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
