Montory

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Montory
Montori / Berorize
Montory (France)
Montory
region Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement Oloron-Sainte-Marie
Canton Montagne Basque
Community association Pays Basque
Coordinates 43 ° 6 ′  N , 0 ° 49 ′  W Coordinates: 43 ° 6 ′  N , 0 ° 49 ′  W
height 239-800 m
surface 20.45 km 2
Residents 306 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 15 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 64470
INSEE code 64404
Website www.commune-montory.fr

Montory Town Hall

Montory is a French municipality with 306 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the Canton of Montagne Basque (until 2015: Canton Tardets-Sorholus ).

The name in the Basque language is Montori or Berorize . The inhabitants are called accordingly Montoriar or Beroriztar .

geography

Montory is located approx. 25 km southwest of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the Hoch-Soule region of the historic Soule province in the French part of the Basque Country .

Montory is surrounded by the neighboring communities:

Tardets-Sorholus Barcus
Laguinge restoue Neighboring communities Lanne-en-Barétous
Haux

Montory lies in the catchment area of ​​the Adour River .

The Joos rises in the municipality and irrigates it together with its tributaries,

  • the Ruisseau de Bellocq and
  • the Ruisseau d'Ourgaray.

Tributaries of the season cross the municipality:

  • the Ruisseau Apanise with its tributary,
    • the Ruisseau de Méhèche, and
  • the Ruisseau d'Etcheberry with its tributary,
    • the Ruisseau de Lichallaréque.

Finally, the Larrigau, a tributary of the Ruisseau le vert de Barlanès, flows through Montory together with its tributary, the Ruisseau de Lacoste.

history

According to legend, Centulle V , Viscount of Béarn, founded Montory around 1058 with the intention of extending the Béarn's autonomy vis-à-vis the Dukes of Aquitaine , of which he was himself a vassal . In 1080 Centulle V. founded Oloron and lured merchants with legal and economic privileges that were held in the For d'Oloron in 1220 . Montory also took advantage of this charter by building political and commercial ties with Oloron. In 1086, Duke Wilhelm VIII of Aquitaine transferred his rights to the Soule to Centulle V. However, the Viscount of Soule refused to pay homage to Centulle V , whereupon he invaded the Soule and orally transferred the For d'Oloron to the inhabitants of Montory . With the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to Heinrich Plantagenet in 1152, the Duchy of Aquitaine came to the English crown . Edward II , King of England, conquered the Soule after 1307, and Montory became the seat of a royal court. In 1323 the Seneschal of Guyenne , Foulques Lestrange, granted the residents of Montory a charter of privileges on behalf of the English King, which was confirmed in 1383 by Duke Jean de Lancastre, Seneschal of England. In 1337 the English King Edward III. carry out a survey on the number of houses of the Soule and the taxes to be paid. For Montory it was recorded that each of the 78 houses, which incidentally had as many Basque as Béarner names, had to pay an annual sum of 18 morlas blancs to the castle of Mauléon . By decree of the French King Louis XI. was 1474 Montory together with Haux and Athérey (today part of Licq-Athérey ) in favor of Roger, landlord of Gramont, raised to the baronate .

In the 16th century, the Huguenot Wars influenced the fortunes of Montory. Jeanne d'Albret , Queen of Navarre , introduced Protestantism in her territory, whereupon the Souletines went to Lower Navarre in 1568 to join the Catholics who had revolted against their queen. After the Souletines were driven out of Lower Navarre, they retaliated by pillaging and devastating the village of Montory and taking cattle because they were in the possession of the Gramonts. The residents of Montory fled to the Béarn. After the Edict of Nantes was signed in 1598, calm returned. In Montory there was a Protestant church since 1568, in which this faith could be practiced. Arnaud du Peyré, known under the name of Count von Tréville and musketeer of the French king Louis XIII. , bought the Baronate of Montory in 1638. In 1661, Bernard Goyheneche, known as Matalas, was the pastor of Moncayolle at the head of the Matalas uprising . He went to Montory with 3,000 men and exercised a temporary reign of terror there.

On August 13, 1967 at 11:10 p.m., an earthquake measuring 6.5 on the Richter scale with the epicenter near Arette shook the community, causing considerable damage to the buildings.

Toponyms and mentions of Montory were:

  • Montory (1323),
  • Montori (1337),
  • Montori (1383, Treaties of Luntz, Notary des Béarn, sheet 84),
  • Montoury (1563),
  • Notre-Dame de Montory (1654, publications by the Diocese of Oloron ),
  • Barberry (1662),
  • Montori (1750, map by Cassini ) and
  • Montory (1793 and 1801, Notice Communale and Bulletin des Lois, respectively ).

Population development

After the population peaked at over 1,300 in the first half of the 19th century, the number fell to below 300 during short periods of recovery until today, and this downward trend continues.

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2009 2017
Residents 562 502 398 371 379 349 337 330 306
From 1962 official figures excluding residents with a second residence
Sources: EHESS / Cassini until 1999, INSEE from 2006

Attractions

Parish church of Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption with adjoining cemetery
View of the apse of the parish church
Virgin Mary statue with baby Jesus
Disc-shaped grave stele in Montory

Parish Church of Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption

The year "1070" above the main entrance shows the date of the construction of the parish church, which is dedicated to the Assumption of Mary . The letter “H” can also be seen on the lintel , possibly a reference to Héraclius, son of a Viscount of Mauléon and archdeacon of the Soule and Oloron. Above this inscription a coat of arms is carved on the keystone of the entrance arch, the meaning of which is an unsolved mystery for historians. There are three irises in relief below the depiction of a ducal crown.

The Romanesque architecture of the church is evident in its massive shape and the tympanum with a Christ monogram above the side entrance. This traditionally shows the letters Rho ("P") and Chi ("X") and Alpha and Omega . An “S” for “Salvator” ( German  savior ) is looped around the foot of the Rho.

The massive bell tower has a certain resemblance to the keep of the castle in Oloron. Their constructions could be related, as the residents of Montory benefited from the Charter For d'Oloron . The machicolations that can be seen on the church are evidence of a fortification in the Gothic era. The church was set on fire in 1568 during the Huguenot Wars and destroyed in 1661 by Bernard Goyheneche, known as Matalas, and his followers during the Matalas uprising. This damage led to renovations and restorations in the 16th and 17th centuries and earlier after the earthquake on August 13, 1967. In 1974, new glass windows were added. One of these depicts a shepherd with his sheep, an indication of the predominant trade of the community's residents.

The parish church has been dedicated to the Assumption of Mary since 1950. From the 17th to the end of the 18th century it was called “Notre-Dame de Montory”.

Inside the church has a gallery with nine rows of pews on one level, which can be reached from a staircase in the entrance porch. As is customary in all churches in the Basque Country, men and women are separated during a mass . That is why most churches have at least one gallery, the places of which are reserved for men. This is made entirely of wood in a sober style, only the balusters are decorated.

The nave of the nave is separated from the side chapel by ogival arcades that rest on massive octagonal pillars. The vault of the side chapel, probably the oldest in the church, is a four-part cross - ribbed vault , while the vault and dome of the main nave have a suspended ceiling on beams. The dome is completely painted by Guy Liet after World War II . The view falls in the middle of the dome on a deep blue with gold-plated stars that symbolize the sky. Large motifs with irises can be seen on the surrounding ceiling surfaces, Christian symbols of purity. The noun sacrum IHS is also applied to one of the surfaces.

The floor of the church is partially covered by around ten tombstones, some of which are inscribed and dated, as well as fragments of tombstones, evidence of burials in the church.

The altarpiece from the mid-18th century is to beautify the altar of marble , stone and gilded lime wood in the style of the Renaissance worked with numerous figures and small statues , where only the faces are not gilded. The tabernacle that is integrated into the reredos is from the same period. Its door is framed by thick garlands of plants and covered with a bas-relief depicting two angels carrying a monstrance . The church preserves a second tabernacle, which is more round in shape and attached to the wall. It is made of wood and has no decorations and its colors imitate gilded wood and the gray marble of the Pyrenees . It is located on the site of an altar dedicated to Mary before the 1967 earthquake.

The pulpit of the church is made entirely of wood and also dates from the 18th century. It is attached to the wall and accessible via a small staircase on the side. Your polygonal pulpit is made up of panels that are painted and provided with bas-reliefs. On the wall panel is a gilded statue depicting St. Peter with the keys to the salvation of souls in his hand. The sound cover bears an angel blowing a trumpet. It stands for the seventh angel who, in the Book of Revelation, wakes the dead on the day of judgment with the sound of his trumpet .

Disc-shaped grave steles

In the courtyard of the parish church, two disc-shaped grave steles, called Hilarri , are sunk into the ground. On one of the two steles, the noun sacrum IHS is engraved on one side of the disk, and a Maltese cross on the other . Two other Hilarri are located away from the center of the municipality on the edge of an old road to Haux, called the royal road at the time. They show the grave of two people who perished violently there.

Arguibelle

Arguibelle

There is a megalithic sundial on the western flank of Mount Arguibelle ( 795  m ), which is on the eastern border with the neighboring municipality of Lanne-en-Barétous . In summer, the shadow of the mountain's rock face extends at 9 a.m., 10 a.m. and 11 a.m. exactly on one of three rocks that protrude from the pastureland.

Economy and Infrastructure

Ossau-Iraty

Montory is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally produced semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".

Agriculture and tourism are the main economic drivers of the municipality. Corn cultivation, cattle breeding and sheep breeding are the main activities in agriculture. The cattle only keep animals of the Blonde d'Aquitaine breed , while the sheep are the Manech tête noire and Manech tête rousse breeds . The milk from the sheep is collected, transported to Mauléon and processed into Etorki or Esquirrou by the AOC Ossau-Iraty in the Fromagerie des Chaumes . A local dairy in Montory produces sheep's cheese on site.

Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2015
Total = 31
Frontón and School of Montory

education

Montory has a public primary school with 22 students in the 2017/2018 school year.

sport and freetime

  • That can all year on the rock face of the Arguibelle climbing are practiced. However, some sections can be closed during the nesting period of the Egyptian vultures and peregrine falcons . The rock face of the Arguibelle is one of the protected natural sites in the Pyrenees. Of the 63 to 69 pairs of Egyptian vultures counted in France, there is currently only one in the area.
  • A medium-difficult circular route of 11 km in length with a difference in altitude of 640 m leads from the center of the municipality to the summit of Erretzü ( 700  m ), on the north-western border with the neighboring municipality of Tardets-Sorholus.
  • A circular route of 4.5 km in length with a difference in altitude of 300 m leads from the center of the municipality around Mont Begousse.
  • Another medium-difficult circular route of 8.5 km in length with a difference in altitude of 300 m leads from the center of the municipality over the Col d'Edre and the Col Lafatique around the Pic d'Iridoy and past the foot of the Arguibelle.

traffic

Montory is connected to Routes départementales 59, 759 and 918, the former Route nationale 618 .

Web links

Commons : Montory  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lieux - toponymie ( fr ) Royal Academy of the Basque Language . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  2. ↑ Ma commune: Montory ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  3. ↑ a b Montory ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  4. ↑ a b Histoire de Montory ( fr ) Municipality of Montory. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  5. ↑ Le séisme de 1967 ( fr ) Municipality of Montory. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  6. ^ Jean-Baptiste Orpustan: Nouvelle toponymie basque ( fr ) University of Bordeaux . P. 184. 2006. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  7. ^ Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. S. 117, 1863. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  8. ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  9. ↑ a b Notice Communale Montory ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  10. ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune de Montory (64404) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  11. ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Montory (64404) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  12. ↑ a b c d e Eglise Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  13. ↑ Blason de l'église Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  14. ↑ Linteau sculpté de l'église Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  15. ↑ Tribune de l'église Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  16. ↑ Colonnes et voûtes de l'église Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  17. ↑ Coupole de l'église Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  18. ↑ Retable de l'église Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  19. ↑ Tabernacle du retable de l'église Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption de Montory ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  20. ↑ Tabernacle sur le mur de l'autel de la Vierge de l'église Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  21. ↑ Chaire de l'église Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  22. ↑ Stèles discoïdales de Montory ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  23. ↑ Rocher d'Arguibelle ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  24. ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher-un-produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  25. ^ L'agriculture ( fr ) municipality of Montory. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  26. ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Montory (64404) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  27. ^ École élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  28. ↑ Arguibelle ( fr ) La Fédération Française de la Montagne et de l'Escalade. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  29. ↑ Les sites rupestres: La falaise d'Arguibelle ( fr ) Conservatoire d'espaces naturels Aquitaine. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  30. ↑ Erretzü ( fr , PDF) Tourist Office of the Soule. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  31. ↑ Tour de Mont-Begousse ( fr ) municipality of Montory. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  32. ↑ Col d'Edre - Col Lafatique ( fr ) Municipality of Montory. Retrieved October 8, 2017.