Larrau
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Larrau Larraine |
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Montagne Basque | |
| Community association | Pays Basque | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 1 ′ N , 0 ° 57 ′ W | |
| height | 319–2,022 m | |
| surface | 126.80 km 2 | |
| Residents | 197 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 2 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64560 | |
| INSEE code | 64316 | |
| Website | www.larrau.org | |
 Old house in Larrau |
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Larrau is a French municipality with 197 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the Canton of Montagne Basque (until 2015: Canton Tardets-Sorholus ).
The name in the Basque language is Larraine . The inhabitants are called Larraintar accordingly .
geography
Larrau is located about 45 km southwest of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the Hoch-Soule region of the historic province of Soule in the French part of the Basque Country on the border with the autonomous community of Navarre in northern Spain .
The highest point in the municipality is the Orhi ( 2017 m ).
The municipal area with its Forêt d'Iraty with its extraordinary fauna and flora is located in the largest beech forest in Europe, which has a cross-border extension of around 17,000 hectares, most of which is in Spain.
Larrau is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Mendive |
Alçay-Alçabéhéty-Sunharette Lacarry-Arhan-Charritte-de-Haut |
Etchebar Licq-Athérey |
| Lecumberry |
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Sainte-Engrâce |
| Ochagavía (Spain) |
Larrau is largely located in the catchment area of the Adour River .
The Saison , a tributary of the Gave d'Oloron , has its source river Gave de Larrau on the territory of the municipality and flows through Larrau together with its tributaries:
- Ruisseau de Guerrendoy,
- Harbelzetako Erreka,
- Ruisseau d'Odeyzakia (also called Erreka Handia) with its tributaries
- Erreka Gorria,
- Ruisseau d'Orgambidesca,
- Chahalitzéko Erreka and
- Orpunéko Erréka (also called Thartako Erreka) with its tributary
- Alupignako Erreka with its tributary
- Chistouko Erreka with its tributary Harléguiko Erreka,
- Alupignako Erreka with its tributary
- Ruisseau de Mendiondo with its tributaries
- Ruisseau de Ichtilodi and
- Borda Erréka (also called Ruisseau d'Erroymendi) with its tributary
- Lapitzéko Erreka,
- Larrandako Erreka,
- Bidézarréko Erreka,
- Ourdanolhako Erreka,
- Hourhandiko Erreka,
- Haritzhandiko Erreka,
- Sorrétéguiko Erreka,
- Oronitzéko Erreka (also called Sarrantolatzéko Erreka),
- Olhadoko Erreka with its tributaries
- Harluthouako Erreka,
- Bagossudurréko Erreka,
- Ruisseau de Betzula,
- Ardanéko Erreka with its tributary Ruisseau de Pista and
- Ruisseau d'Olhadubi (also called Ruisseau d'Ihitsaga) with its tributaries
- Ruisseau de Sakia,
- Ruisseau d'Iguéloua,
- Ruisseau Iletta,
- Ruisseau Izeychabala with its tributary Oliozayéko and Erreka
- Ruisseau d'Abarrakia
- Ardakhotchiko Erreka with its tributary Aydako Erreka
- Ruisseau de Guela
- Ruisseau Etchélu with its tributaries
- Ruisseau Idigorria and
- Ruisseau Sankoy,
- Ruisseau d'Ahunzola (also called Ruisseau de Letchartsu).
The following bodies of water arise in the municipality, but drain over the Spanish border and thus indirectly not over the Adour:
- the Ibarrondoko Erreka with its tributary
- Gastarrétako Erreka,
- the Iratiko Erreka with its tributaries
- Olzaluréko Erreka with its tributary
- Ruisseau Chardéca,
- Léherreko Erreka,
- Uthurkokotséko Erreka and
- Ourdanitzarrétako Erreka and
- Olzaluréko Erreka with its tributary
- the Erréka Idorra (also called Imitzéko Erreka) with its tributary
- Pachoula Buztaneko Erreka.
history
Finds during archaeological excavations prove that humans have existed in this area since prehistory . Numerous mounds, barrows and Kromleche are cataloged. The excavations are particularly important at Col de Bagargi and on the Bogozabalaga plateau, where grave goods from the Bronze Age were found, as well as two grave slabs that brought to light the remains of a burial chamber.
Larrau was first mentioned in 1174 in connection with the name of the church in the form of Sanctus Johannes de Larraun . At that time the village was a priory of the Sauvelade monastery . Two centuries later, in 1385, Larrau was mentioned as l'ospitau de Larraun , a reference to a hospital for merchants, travelers and pilgrims to Santiago de Compostela on their way across the Pyrenees . A few centuries later, Larrau played a driving role in the industrial revolution due to the ironworks that produced iron up until the beginning of the 19th century . This proved to be indispensable for the formation of the French army at the end of the 18th century as part of the First Coalition War against Spain.
Population development
After a high of around 1,300 inhabitants in the middle of the 19th century, the number of inhabitants has fallen to below 200 during short periods of relaxation.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 450 | 405 | 345 | 298 | 241 | 214 | 209 | 204 | 197 |
Attractions
- Parish church, dedicated to John the Baptist . It was built in 1193 as a chapel for the hospital. The small, rectangular nave was extended in the first half of the 16th century by a bell tower over the entrance porch and two side chapels were added. Damaged during the Huguenot Wars , the church was restored in 1655. During the French Revolution , the church was used as a shed for cattle feed, but then re-consecrated as a parish church. The keystone of the arch of the first yoke shows a representation of the Lamb of God as announced by John, amid a harmony of curves that together form a flower. The inscription around the keystone denotes the homage to Mariana and her husband Berterreix, whose name is known in the Basque Country from the 15th century song "Berterretxen khantoria", the oldest of the Soule. The keystone of the arch of the second yoke shows an eagle, the evangelist symbol of John . Above the entrance there are three stones, two in the wall, one as the keystone of the pointed arch, with inscriptions. The top one contains a text in Latin which essentially names the builders of the Church. The middle one is decorated with three irises , a symbol of purity. The third bears the date “1655”, which corresponds to the time of the restoration, and the noun sacrum IHS . The altar with tabernacle and altar retable from the 17th or 18th century, a statue depicting Mary with baby Jesus from the 16th or 17th century and a lecture cross from the 16th or 17th century are registered as national cultural assets.
- Saint Joseph Chapel . It was built in 1636 by the monks of the village at an altitude of 1250 m to receive clergymen and pilgrims day and night. Before the French Revolution, when it was sacked, the chapel was a destination for pilgrimages and processions in the parishes of the Soule. A new building took place in 1861, and in 1993 the chapel was restored to its original appearance after part of it collapsed under the load of snow. The lintel over the entrance of the chapel shows the dates of the construction (1656), the new building (1861) and the restoration (1993). A plaque on the outside wall of the chapel reminds in Basque of the new building from 1861 by "Pastor ONNAINTY, with the help of good Christians".
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture is traditionally an important economic factor in the municipality, together with tourism, which benefits from the geographical location in the middle of the mountains. Larrau is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made hard cheese made from sheep's milk, and the ham "Kintoa".
total = 28
education
The community has a public primary school.
sport and freetime
The municipality of Larrau lists six “traditional” circular routes in the municipality with a length between 8 km and 17 km as well as six multi-day hikes in the surrounding area with a length of 45 km to 235 km, which by no means exhaust the possibilities for hiking.
The Holzarte and Olhadubi gorges are destinations for several of these hiking trails. They are 80 million years old and the result of the erosion of mountain streams. Their popularity stems from an impressive footbridge over a height of 150 m and a waterfall. The suspension bridge was built at the beginning of the 20th century to support the management of the forest, as otherwise one can only get to the Holzarte forest via long detours. The length of the gorges is two kilometers, their depth between 30 and 300 meters.
The GR 10 long-distance hiking trail from Hendaye on the Atlantic to Banyuls-sur-Mer on the Mediterranean leads through the municipality.
traffic
Larrau is connected to Routes départementales 19 and 26. The D 26 ends at the Spanish border at Port de Larrau , a mountain pass with an altitude of 1573 m .
Personalities
- Jean-Bernard d'Uhart, born on June 17, 1765 in Uhart-Mixe , died on May 18, 1834 in Sauguis , was an officer, politician and builder of the ironworks in Larrau.
- Frédéric d'Abel or actually Friedrich Konrad von Abel, born on October 15, 1780 in Stuttgart , died on December 25, 1855 in Urdos , was an engineer and operator of a small ironworks in Larrau that belonged to Jean-Bernard d'Uhart.
- Adrien Bayssellance, born on May 24, 1829 in La Négrie, a district of Queyssac in the Dordogne department , died on July 25, 1907 in Bordeaux , was a marine engineering engineer, passionate mountaineer and mayor of Bordeaux from 1888 to 1892. In 1875 he published an article with the headline “Larrau and the forest of Holçarté” in the journal Explorations pyrénéennes .
- Clémence Richard, born on November 28, 1830 in Larrau, died on November 14, 1915 in London , was the second wife of Louis Lucien Bonaparte .
- Pierre Moureu, born on August 24, 1894 in Larrau, died on May 13, 1962 in La Tronche , was a rugby union player with 17 appointments to the French national team between 1920 and 1925.
Web links
- Larrau on the Montagne Basque Tourist Office website (French)
- Larrau on the website of the Soule Tourist Office (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Information on the “Kintoa” ham on the Montagne Basque Tourist Office website (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lieux - toponymie Larraine (Ibarrezker) ( fr ) euskaltzaindia . Retrieved July 15, 2017.
- ↑ géoportail - Larrau ( fr ) Institut national de l'information geographique et forestière . Retrieved July 15, 2017.
- ↑ Forêt de hêtres de Larrau ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 15, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Ma commune: Larrau ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
- ↑ a b c Regional Council of Aquitaine: Larrau ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 15, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Notice Communale Larrau ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved July 15, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune de Larrau (64316) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved July 15, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Larrau (64316) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved July 15, 2017.
- ↑ Eglise Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Larrau ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 15, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Pierres sculptées à l'entrée de l'Eglise Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Larrau ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 15, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Objets mobiliers de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved July 15, 2017.
- ↑ Chapelle Saint-Joseph ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 15, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Linteau de la chapelle Saint-Joseph ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 15, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Plaque sculptée de la chapelle Saint-Joseph ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 15, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved July 15, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune de Larrau (64316) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved July 15, 2017.
- ^ École élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
- ↑ Larrau - Randonnées ( fr ) Municipality of Larrau. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
- ↑ Gorges d'Holzarte et d'Olhadubi ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 15, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Pont suspendu d'Holzarte ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on July 15, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ GR®10: la traversée des Pyrénées ( fr ) Comité Régional de la Randonnée Pédestre Midi-Pyrénées. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
