Musculdy
|
Musculdy Muskildi |
||
|---|---|---|
|
||
| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Montagne Basque | |
| Community association | Pays Basque | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 12 ′ N , 0 ° 58 ′ W | |
| height | 180-813 m | |
| surface | 24.06 km 2 | |
| Residents | 236 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 10 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64130 | |
| INSEE code | 64411 | |
 Look at Musculdy |
||
Musculdy is a French municipality with 236 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the canton of Montagne Basque (until 2015: canton of Mauléon-Licharre ).
The name in the Basque language is Muskildi . The inhabitants are called accordingly Muskildiar .
geography
Musculdy is about 40 km west of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the historic province of Soule in the French part of the Basque Country .
Musculdy is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Pagolle | ||
| Saint-Just-Ibarre |
.svg)
|
Ordiarp |
| Aussurucq |
Musculdy is located in the Adour river basin .
The Bidouze , one of its tributaries, crosses the territory of the municipality with its tributaries:
- Ihityko Erreka,
- Chorizako Erreka and
- Ispatchoury Erreka, also called Pagolla Uraitza here.
In addition, the Ruisseau Abarakia with its tributary, the Ruisseau Lachartia, irrigates the eastern municipality.
history
In the municipality there are archaeological sites with ditches and embankments and several mounds of earth, which suggest an early settlement of the area. Charles II , known as the Bad King of Navarre , had the Saint-Antoine chapel built in the municipality in 1385 . But it was not until around 1460 that Musculdy was first mentioned in the scriptures in connection with his parish church.
Toponyms and mentions of Musculdy were:
- Sent-Ciprian de Musquldi (around 1460, contracts from Ohix, notary from Soule),
- Musquildi (1520, La coutume de Soule ),
- Musculdi (1750, map by Cassini ) and
- Musculdy (1793 and 1801, Notice Communale and Bulletin des Lois, respectively ).
Population development
After the population peaked at around 730 in the first half of the 19th century, the number has fallen to below 250 during short periods of recovery until today, and the downward trend continues.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 325 | 295 | 313 | 289 | 285 | 280 | 253 | 242 | 236 |
Attractions
_l%27%C3%A9glise.JPG)
_Portail_de_l%27%C3%A9glise.JPG)
Parish Church of Saint-Cyprien
The mention of the church consecrated to Cyprian of Carthage around 1460 suggests that it was built before the middle of the 15th century. The southern entrance in the form of a round arch seems to come from the Romanesque era. Today, however, his sculptures are indistinct.
The bell tower dates from the 16th century, which was restored in the 19th or 20th centuries. It is about twelve meters high, fortified tower, the only one of its kind in the Soule. He is with rubble from limestone built and has window and door openings in arch shape. Its slate roof is designed with broken roof surfaces, i. H. its roof slope is smaller in the lower part than in the upper part of the helmet . The visible rafters could be signs of former machiculis or battlements .
The church has a rose window , a common motif in Basque sacred art. It symbolizes a rose, but also a wheel and a circle at the same time, in the figurative sense of repetition and resurrection . The rosette contains a quatrefoil in which a circle containing a square can be seen. The colors used are blue, green and brown, and the geometric figures are decorated with branches and foliage.
The altar and the altarpiece date from the 17th century. It is a sarcophagus altar with a medallion depicting the Majestas Domini as decoration on its front . The motif of Christ at rest is illustrated on the door of the tabernacle . The reredos is dominated by a painting in the middle showing Christ crucified . Niches in the two side parts of the retable protect sculptures of St. Cyprian on the left and right of John the Baptist . This is shown with his traditional attribute , a cross staff that he holds in his hands. He is accompanied by a little lamb who refers to the fact that John the Baptist referred to Jesus Christ as "the Lamb of God" in the Gospel of John . A Madonna with baby Jesus is enthroned over the entire work.
Saint-Antoine chapel
Charles II, King of Navarre, had the chapel built outside the center of Musculdy in 1385 to celebrate the reconciliation of the Count of Gramont and the landlord of Luxe , who had waged a bloody war against each other. For this reason it is also called the "Chapel of Peace".
Next to the chapel is a rectangular stele in memory of those who fell in the war between the two clans. It is decorated with a cross and an inscription in Basque language. Another monument is a disc-shaped stele, which can also be found next to the chapel. It has the shape of a traditional grave stele in the Basque Country, called Hilarri . The stele also has an inscription in Basque and is decorated with two Basque crosses called lauburu . A dove is engraved in the center of the disk as a symbol of peace and nonviolence.
The chapel has a bell gable in the shape of a clocher trinitaire . It has three pointed roofs as a symbol for the Trinity , the middle one slightly higher than the other two. If crosses are placed on the pointed roofs, as in the case of this chapel, one also speaks of a clocher calvaire , because the shape is reminiscent of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ with the two thieves on Mount Golgotha .
Inside the chapel there is a statue of the Pietà , which represents Mary with Christ in her arms, who was previously taken from the cross. In this work, Maria raises her right arm, which highlights the pathetic character of the scene. Today the statue is flanked by two more depicting Mary Magdalene and the disciple Salome , two women who, according to the Gospel of Mark, attended the crucifixion of Jesus.
The peace between the Gramonts and the landlords of Luxe was short-lived. At the end of the 14th century the war flared up again and lasted until the 16th century.
Dovecote
In the middle of the soulful houses in Musculdy there is a dovecote whose architecture is based on the local architectural style. Its hipped roof is covered with black slate and has the steep roof pitch typical of the Soule. This is due to the climatic conditions of the region and prevents the snow from piling up too much on the roof in winter and damaging it with its weight.
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture and tourism are important economic factors in the municipality. Musculdy is located in the AOC zone of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk.
total = 22
education
Musculdy has a public primary school with 14 students in the 2017/2018 school year.
sport and freetime
- The GR 78 long-distance hiking trail from Carcassonne to Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port runs along the southern municipal boundary. It follows a byway of the Camino de Santiago to Santiago de Compostela .
- A 12 km long circular route classified as difficult with a difference in altitude of 545 m leads from the center of the municipality to the Col d'Ehüsa ( 551 m ) and the Saint-Antoine chapel .
- An easy circular route of 4 km in length with an altitude difference of 95 m leads from the center of the municipality around the Abarakia stream.
traffic
Musculdy can be reached via Routes départementales 302 and 918, the former Route nationale 618 .
Personalities
Jean Borthayre, born on May 25, 1901 in Musculdy, died on April 25, 1984 in Montmorency ( Île-de-France ), was a French opera singer.
Web links
- Musculdy on the Soule Tourist Office website (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Filière Porc Basque website (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lieux - toponymy: Muskildi (Arbaila Txipia (-a)) ( fr ) Royal Academy of the Basque Language . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Musculdy ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Musculdy ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ^ Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 120, 1863. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Musculdy ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune de Musculdy (64411) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Musculdy (64411) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ a b Église Saint-Cyprien ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Clocher de l'église Saint-Cyprien ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Vitrail de l'église Saint-Cyprien ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ autel, gradin d'autel, tabernacle, exposition, retable, tableau d'autel: le Calvaire, 3 statues: Vierge à l'Enfant, saint Cyprien et saint Jean-Baptiste (maître-autel) ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Retable de l'église Saint-Cyprien ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ^ Statue de saint Jean-Baptiste du retable de l'église Saint-Cyprien ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ a b Chapelle Saint-Antoine ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Monument aux morts de la chapelle Saint-Antoine ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Stèle de la Paix de la chapelle Saint-Antoine ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Clocher trinitaire de la chapelle Saint-Antoine ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Pietà de la chapelle Saint-Antoine ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Pigeonnier souletin de Musculdy ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 9, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Musculdy (64411) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ^ École élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ GR®78: le chemin du piémont pyrénéen ( fr ) Comité Régional de la Randonnée Pédestre Midi-Pyrénées. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ^ San Antoni ( fr , PDF) Communauté de communes de Soule-Xiberoa. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Bordaxar Altea ( fr , PDF) Communauté de communes de Soule-Xiberoa. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
