Castagnède (Pyrénées-Atlantiques)
| Castagnède | ||
|---|---|---|
|
||
| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Orthez et Terres des Gaves et du Sel | |
| Community association | Bearn des Gaves | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 27 ′ N , 1 ° 0 ′ W | |
| height | 21-171 m | |
| surface | 8.33 km 2 | |
| Residents | 207 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 25 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64270 | |
| INSEE code | 64170 | |
Castagnède is a French municipality with 207 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie (until 2016: Arrondissement Pau ) and the canton of Orthez et Terres des Gaves et du Sel (until 2015: Canton Salies-de-Béarn ).
The name in the Gascognischen language is Castanheda .
geography
Castagnède is located around 50 kilometers northwest of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the historic province of Béarn on the northern edge of the department.
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Auterrive | Carresse-Cassaber | |
| Escos |
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|
Salies-de-Bearn |
| Oraàs |
Castagnède lies in the catchment area of the Adour River and lies on the right bank of the Gave d'Oloron , a tributary of the Gave de Pau .
A tributary of the Gave, the Ruisseau des Augas, flows through the area of the municipality with its tributary, the Ruisseau de Castérès.
A tributary of the Saleys , the Ruisseau de Montségur, also crosses the municipality.
history
The center of the municipality is located at the foot of the Pène de Mur hill , which with its height of 142 m rises prominently from the Gave valley. On an area of six hectares on its summit there was a camp from prehistory .
Legend has it that Muslim Arabs who advanced into Gaul settled on the Pène de Mur in the 8th century after their defeat at the Battle of Tours and Poitiers . What is certain is that the village of Mur developed on the hill on the basis of a fortified camp from Roman times with ramparts and moats. In the Middle Ages there were two churches, a notary, a group of cagots and a manor on the hill. Cagots formed a group of people who were discriminated against in Spain and France from the 13th to well into the 19th century and who were largely excluded from social life. Castagnède became more and more important in the period that followed, and the village of Mur was gradually abandoned.
The de Membrède family used their name to ensure that the place was first mentioned in the 10th century. Another legend says that Auger de Membrède was the first crusader to penetrate the besieged Jerusalem in 1099 during the First Crusade .
Other references and place names were subsequently
- Castaneta (12th century, copy book of the Abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde ),
- Castaeda (13th century, fors de Béarn , 14th century manuscript ),
- Castayhede (around 1360, documents from Came ),
- Castanhede (1385, census in the Béarn),
- Sent Johan de Castanhede (1442, notaries from Labastide-Villefranche ),
- Castanhade (1538, Reformation des Béarn),
- Castaignede (1582, disposal of the diocese of Dax ) and
- Castaede (1614, Béarn manuscript collection ).
Paul Raymond, archivist and historian of the 19th century, noted the registration of 51 households in the 1385 census and the fact that the village belonged to the Bailliage of Mur and Labastide-Villefranche.
The current district of Membrède was a fiefdom that was a vassal of the Viscount of Béarn and was in the Bailliage of Mur. From there there was a ferry across the Gave d'Oloron to the neighboring town of Escos in the 16th century.
On the map of Cassini 1750, Castagnède is entered as Castagnede , Mur can be seen as a ruin. During the French Revolution in 1793, Castagnède is also known as Castagnede , eight years later during the French Consulate it is administered in addition to Castagnede with its current name.
Population development
After a provisional high of 540 inhabitants in the 1841 census, during short phases of stabilization (particularly marked in the 1880s) by the 1980s, the number fell by a total of almost two thirds to below 200 inhabitants. Since then, it has stabilized at this level.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 213 | 200 | 194 | 192 | 212 | 211 | 199 | 195 | 207 |
Attractions
- Local church dedicated to John the Baptist . When looking at the architecture of the building, elements of the Romanesque can be seen. The walls of the aisle , the upper part of the nave and the apse are built with pebbles in an irregular masonry bond characteristic of the 12th century , which suggests that it was built in the Middle Ages . Over the centuries the church has undergone several changes. One of the most important was the construction of the bell tower as an entrance porch in 1862 .
- Watermills. There are still two watermills in the municipality. The Verger mill is said to be the oldest and was built in the 17th century. It uses the water power of the Ruisseau des Augas, which has a height difference of 123 meters to the mill.
Economy and Infrastructure
The economy of the municipality is primarily determined by agriculture. Castagnède is located in the AOC zones of the Béarn wine-growing region , the Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and ham "Kintoa".
total = 23
traffic
The municipality is crossed by Route départementale 27.
Web links
- Castagnède on the website of the former association of municipalities (French)
- Website of the current association of municipalities (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Filière Porc Basque website (French)
- Castagnède and Mur on the map by Cassini 1750
Individual evidence
- ↑ Castagnède ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Castagnède ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
- ↑ a b c Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Castagnède ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on April 3, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
- ^ Conseil regional d'Aquitaine: Pêne du Mur ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on April 3, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
- ^ A b c Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. Pp. 43, 111, 1863. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
- ^ France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Castagnède ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved April 2, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Castagnède (64170) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved April 2, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Eglise Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on April 3, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Moulin de Verger ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on April 3, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved April 2, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune de Castagnède (64170) ( fr ) INSEE . Archived from the original on June 20, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
