Sarrance
| Sarrance | ||
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Oloron-Sainte-Marie-1 | |
| Community association | Haut Bearn | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 3 ′ N , 0 ° 36 ′ W | |
| height | 314-1,869 m | |
| surface | 46.80 km 2 | |
| Residents | 165 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 4 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64490 | |
| INSEE code | 64506 | |
 Look at Sarrance |
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Sarrance is a French municipality with 165 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). It belongs to the Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the Canton of Oloron-Sainte-Marie-1 (until 2015: Canton of Accous ).
The name in the Gascognischen language is also Sarrance .
The origin of the name is a derivation of the Latin word sera ( German bar ). The inhabitants are called Sarrançais and Sarrançaises .
geography
Sarrance is about 15 km south of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the Aspetal in the historic province of Béarn .
The highest point in the municipality is at the foot of the Mailh Massibé ( 1973 m ).
Sarrance is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
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Asasp-Arros Escot |
Bielle | |
| Issor |
.svg)
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Bilhères |
| Lourdios-Ichère |
Osse-en-Aspe Bedous Aydius |
Sarrance lies in the catchment area of the Adour River .
The center of the municipality is located on the left bank of the Gave d'Aspe , which at the confluence with the Gave d'Ossau forms the Gave d'Oloron further downstream .
Tributaries of the Gave d'Aspe flow through the territory of the commune,
- the Ruisseau l'Aygue Bère with its tributaries,
- the Arrec de la Méninère,
- the Arrec de Gousset,
- the Ruisseau de la Lie,
- the Soulé,
- the Ruisseau de Coucourou with its tributary,
- the Ruisseau de la Coume, and
- the Ruisseau de Saillen,
- the Ruisseau d'Espalungue,
- the Ruisseau de Bosdapous,
- the Arrec de la Poursiouque,
- the Gassat with its tributary,
- the Ruisseau de Bourdiou,
- the Ruisseau de l'Aulouret and
- the Ruisseau d'Isson.
The Ruisseau Arric, a tributary of the Gave de Lourdios, also has its source in the western municipality.
history
Sarrance is one of the oldest places of worship of the Virgin of the Pyrenees . Already in 1140 the veneration is mentioned in the texts with the privileges that Pope Innocent II granted the priory . This was led by Premonstratensians from 1345 and was subordinate to the Abbey of Saint-Jean de la Castelle in Duhort-Bachen in what is now the Landes department . The pilgrimage arose from a legend of the 8th century and was confirmed in the will of Gaston II , Count of Foix and Viscount of Béarn. A chapel was built, called Notre-Dame-de-la-Pierre or la Vierge noire (“Black Virgin”), where the faithful could pray for protection against hail and thunderstorms or against disease. She is said to have even provided miraculous healings. The site subsequently gained a reputation, because personalities of their time came to Sarrance, for example Margaret of Navarra , who is said to have written her Heptaméron here , accompanied by Erasmus of Rotterdam and Pierre de Ronsard .
Sarrance is located on Via Tolosana , one of the four historical “ Routes of the Pilgrims in France ” to Santiago de Compostela . For this reason, a hospital was built around 1364, which was rebuilt as a pilgrimage hostel after its destruction in the Huguenot Wars . There was a lay monastery under the Vicomte de Béarn. In 1591 a thermal bath was built, which was fed by two springs, one of them rich in bicarbonate and calcium , the drying up of which meant the end of the thermal baths, and a cold, iron-containing spring. In the 17th century, the bathroom was already well attended by personalities. The flow of visitors peaked in the 18th and 19th centuries.
On May 22, 1778, Sarrance became independent from Bedous.
Toponyms and mentions of Sarrance were:
- Oratory Beatæ de Sarrancia (1345, documents from the Vicomté of Béarn),
- Hospitau de Nostre-Dame de Sarrance (1364, documents from Sarrance),
- Sarransce and Nostre-Done de Sarranse (1396 and 1450, respectively, notaries from Lucq-de-Béarn ) and
- Sarrance (1750, 1793 and 1801, map from Cassini , Notice Communale or Bulletin des Lois ).
Population development
The community reached a peak of its size with around 1,270 inhabitants in the middle of the 19th century. As a result, a phase of stagnation with brief recoveries set in, which continues to this day.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 429 | 214 | 224 | 229 | 228 | 233 | 218 | 203 | 165 |
Attractions
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Three church buildings enclose a square on three sides. On the left is the parish church with a protruding bell tower . This is followed by the former monastery . The other two buildings at the back and right were the monks' living quarters . The entire unit has been classified as a Monument historique since March 16, 2016 .
Parish church
The church dedicated to the Assumption of Mary has its origins in a chapel that was built in the Middle Ages and from then on became a place of pilgrimage for the veneration of Mary due to a legend. This tells that once a farmer was surprised that his bull set off in a certain direction every day. He followed him and saw him kneeling on a rock in front of a statue of Mary in a bay in the river bed. Even if it could be seen in several places, the statue returned to the place in the water and attracted believers and the curious. Protection was built for the statue, but a place of prayer became necessary in view of the growing crowd of believers. A chapel was built on the bank. The remains of this Romanesque building from the 11th or 12th century have survived through the centuries as the foundations of the apse of today's church. In 1569 the chapel was devastated by fire during the Huguenot Wars. Today's parish church was built in the 17th century, as evidenced by the year "1679" under the gable in the south-western part. The number of pilgrims remained irregular until the 18th century, then increased until the French Revolution . The church was devastated during the revolution and restored in the second half of the 19th century. In 1852 the priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus took over the sanctuary. In 1863 stained glass windows were made by Antoine Lusson, others after 1875 by Henri Feur . Paintings by Bertrand Bernard date from 1866.
The nave offers space for a main aisle and two side aisles and houses a pulpit that dates from before the revolution. The baptismal font shows representations of the four evangelists . The organ has retained some traces of the gold leaf plating from the 17th century. The wood paneling on the south wall dates from the 18th century. Above each confessional a picture reminds of the duties of the sinner . An 18th century reliquary made of gilded wood contains two ampoules and two medallions . In the lower part of the main altar , which separates the choir from the nave, an inscription in the form of a mosaic indicates the location of the burial place of a bishop of Oloron . The choir is embellished with pillars decorated with ornaments in the form of doves and grapes. The paintings by Bertrand Bernard in the choir illustrate the root of Jesse .
There is also a statue in the choir depicting Mary with baby Jesus . It dates from the 14th century, but only the legs are from the original work. The heads of Mary and the baby Jesus were added in 1890 using a yellow mortar. The original head is kept in the sacristy of the parish church. Tales say that the statue was hidden in a grotto during the Huguenot Wars and the Revolution and that the arm and the baby Jesus are said to have been lost there.
monastery
The current building dates from the 17th century, after the previous building, like the church, was set on fire in 1569. At the beginning of the 17th century, in 1609, it was restored at the same time as the church. During the revolution the monastery was sold as a "national good". Remains of the previous building may have come to light on the south-western corner of the building. The former refectory of the Premonstratensians has a large fountain with a marble basin and a fireplace with wood paneling, above which a picture of the Virgin Mary can be seen. In the upper part of the walls, stucco decorations show hunting scenes and allegories of music and agriculture. The gallery on the ground floor, the floor of which is lined with grave slabs, used to be closed with a wooden grille. The gallery on the first floor is decorated with a balustrade . The kitchens have retained their chimneys, while nothing of the furnishings in the monastery cells has survived.
Notre-Dame-de-la-Pierre chapel
The Premonstratensians built several chapels in Sarrance to mark the stations of the Cross and the processions of pilgrims. The first chapel was built on the spot where, according to legend, the statue of the Virgin was found. The building was mentioned in the records in 1651 and torn away by a flood on September 18, 1772. The current chapel was built only slightly offset from the same location in the late 18th century. The small building on a square floor plan is equipped with a nave, a hipped roof covered with slate and a small bell tower, which is covered with a hood . Originally, the interior of the chapel was equipped with an altar and polychrome panels that illustrate the discovery of the statue of the Virgin Mary. These items of equipment were brought to the parish church a few years ago.
Economy and Infrastructure
Sarrance is located in the AOC area of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk.
The good water quality of the Gave allows fish farming. Since 1975, Viviers de Sarrance has produced more than 50 million fertilized or human-consumed cavias eggs from rainbow trout and brown trout , which have been shipped worldwide. The company changed hands in 2015 and will continue to operate under the name Les Viviers de Rébénacq in the future .
total = 28
sport and freetime
- Aspetal Ecomuseum. In three communities in the Aspetal, each with its own theme, it shows life from yesterday and today in the mountain region. The theme of Sarrence revolves around the legend of the figure of Mary in the water. In Sarrance the visitor uses an audio guide (French, Spanish) and is supported by a guide who a. the legend tells.
- The long-distance hiking trail GR 653 from Toulouse to Jaca , which corresponds to a section of the Via Tolosana, the southernmost of the four Way of St. James, leads through the center of the municipality.
traffic
The municipality is crossed by Route départementale 241 and Route nationale 134 .
Line 63 of the TER Aquitaine , a regional train of the national SNCF , serves the route from Pau to Bedous via Oloron-Sainte-Marie, the currently operated part of the Pau-Canfranc railway line . Sarrance has a stop on this line.
Personalities
Jacques Camou, born on May 1, 1792 in Sarrance, died on February 8, 1868 in Paris , began his military career as a sergeant in the Napoleonic Army and ended it as a French general in the Second Empire . The rue du Général-Camou in the 7th arrondissement of Paris is named after him.
Web links
- Atlas du Patrimoine Historique et Culturel with images from Sarrance (French)
- Sarrance on the website of the former municipal association (French)
- Website of the Écomusée des Aspetals (French)
- Sarrance on the website of the Tourist Office of the Association of Municipalities (French)
- TER Aquitaine website (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sarrance ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ↑ a b c Sarrance ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ↑ géoportail - Sarrance ( fr ) Institut national de l'information geographique et forestière . Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Sarrance ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. 156, 1863. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ↑ a b c prieuré de chanoines de Prémontré, actuellement église paroissiale Notre-Dame ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Sarrance ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Sarrance (64506) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ^ Eglise de Sarrance ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ↑ a b Église Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ↑ Statue de la Vierge ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ↑ Cloître de l'église Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ↑ Chapelle Notre-Dame-de-la-Pierre ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ↑ chapelle Notre-Dame de la Pierre ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ↑ Viviers de Sarrance - Labedan fish farm . Viviers de Sarrance. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ^ Jean-Paul Valois: La pisciculture change de mains ( fr ) Sud Ouest . December 18, 2015. Accessed December 12, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Sarrance (64506) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ↑ Écomusée de la Vallée d'Aspe ( fr ) Tourist office of the Aspetal. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ↑ GR® 653 - Sentier vers Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle: Toulouse - Jaca ( fr ) Comité départemental de la Randonnée pédestre des Pyrénées-Atlantiques (CDRP 64). Retrieved December 12, 2017.
