Trois-Villes
|
Trois-Villes Iruri |
||
|---|---|---|
|
||
| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Montagne Basque | |
| Community association | Pays Basque | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 8 ′ N , 0 ° 53 ′ W | |
| height | 195-793 m | |
| surface | 6.39 km 2 | |
| Residents | 131 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 21 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64470 | |
| INSEE code | 64537 | |
_mairie.JPG) Town hall of Trois-Villes |
||
Trois-Villes is a French municipality with 131 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the Canton of Montagne Basque (until 2015: Canton Tardets-Sorholus ).
The name in the Basque language is Iruri . The inhabitants are called accordingly Iruritar . It is a derivative of the Basque word Iri ( German villa ).
geography
Trois-Villes is located approx. 25 km west of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the Hoch-Soule region of the historic Soule province in the French part of the Basque Country .
In addition to the main settlement, Trois-Villes also includes the hamlets Eiheraltea or Eyheraltea, Gañeko hiria, Gatieta, Intxauspealtea or Peko elgea, Inchauspe, Paxerregia, Peko hiria and Okhinabarre.
Trois-Villes is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Sauguis-Saint-Etienne | Barcus | |
| Ossas-Suhare |
.svg)
|
Tardets-Sorholus |
| Alos Sibas adventure |
The highest point in the municipality is at the chapel la Madeleine ( 794 m ).
Trois-Villes is located in the catchment area of the Adour River .
The season , a tributary of the Gave d'Oloron , crosses the territory of the commune along with its tributaries that arise in Trois-Villes:
- the Ruisseau de Laritolle,
- the Charoko Erreka and its tributary,
- the Okhinabarre Erreka, and
- the Ibarra Erreka and its tributary,
- the Ihixart Erreka.
history
Traces of a pentagonal Gallic rampart are still visible in the municipality today. A settlement in Gallo-Roman times appears plausible from the name of the community. The village developed from the combination of three estates, which in the Middle Ages comprised several noble houses. These three villas gave the parish, and later the parish, their names. One was around the domec , the house of one of the ten judicial officers at the court in Licharre , one around the former church and the noble house Etxegapare or Casamayor , whose most famous owner was Jean-Armand du Peyrer , the Comte de Tréville, whose father it was bought in 1607. He was immortalized by the brothers Le Nain and Alexandre Dumas in his novel " The Three Musketeers " as captain of the musketeers of the French king . The third nucleus of the community could be the estate of the “free” house Berroeta or Berraute .
Toponyms and mentions of Trois-Villes were:
- Trium Villarum (1120),
- Tres Much (1327),
- Tres Vielles (1337),
- Tres-Bielles (1475, contracts of Ohix, notary of the Soule, sheet 21),
- Tres Bieles (1690),
- Troisville (1750, map by Cassini ),
- Troivilles (1793, Notice Communale ),
- Trois-Villes (1801, Bulletin des lois ) and
- Troisvilles (1863, Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées).
Population development
After the population peaked at around 380 in the first half of the 19th century and around 390 in the 1872 census, the number fell to around 140 during short-term recovery phases until recently.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 167 | 160 | 167 | 145 | 151 | 148 | 134 | 127 | 131 |
Attractions
_%C3%89glise.JPG)
_monument_aux_morts.JPG)
- Parish church dedicated to John the Baptist . The current church was built in the 18th century. It has a side chapel and a square bell tower with a polygonal roof turret . Jean-Armand du Peyrer is buried in the church according to Basque tradition. Important personalities like him were given individual graves. His grave slab on the floor of the interior is covered with inscriptions in Basque only. The entrance porch hides another grave slab that dates from 1685. This grave is a collective grave, its grave slab is also covered with inscriptions in Basque language. In 1786, the Bishop of Bayonne put an end to this traditional entombment and ordered burial outside of churches. In the choir , one's gaze falls on a painting that shows Christ crucified . In front of it is the altar with its retable from the 18th century. This is made of gilded wood and has the shape of a pyramid with two levels. It is structured by serpentine columns and volutes adorn its outer ends. It is elaborated with numerous statuettes , bas-reliefs , plant motifs and cherubine heads. In the middle there is a Madonna with baby Jesus , one of the most common motifs in Christian iconography . The tabernacle is integrated into the reredos and made of the same wood. The relief on his door illustrates the scene of Christ at rest , in which Christ stands upright with his hands tied and waits for his crucifixion . A wooden lectern, which was created during the 18th century, marks the place of the speaker or singer in the choir. The shelf for the text or notes rests on a rotated column that is raised by a square base. The baptismal font is kept in a very sober style. It consists of a square base and a simple, round basin made of marble and without any decorations. The baptismal font is kept closed by a polygonal wooden lid with a cross at its top. In a niche in the entrance porch there is a memorial to commemorate the community residents who died in the First World War. It consists of a large marble plaque, which ends with a cross and on which the names of the 14 fallen are listed. An inscription in Basque is engraved above it. Two columns decorated with laurel branches form a frame.
- Basque tombs
Crosses and disc-shaped grave steles on the wall of the parish church
Crosses and disc-shaped grave steles in the Trois-Villes cemetery
_anciennes_st%C3%A8les_contre_l%27%C3%A9glise.JPG)
_cimeti%C3%A8re_avec_st%C3%A8les_disco%C3%AFdales.JPG)
- Eliçabéa Castle. Jean-Armand du Peyrer had it built between 1660 and 1663 according to plans that are sometimes attributed to François Mansart . The facades mostly show elongated cross- frame windows with frames made of gray marble, the gables of which alternate between a triangular and a semicircular shape. The shape of the roof covered with slate is called the mansard roof after the inventor of this roof shape. On the east facade, the main wing is set back between two protruding pavilions on the side . A baroque garden stretches out in front of the south facade , the well-ordered parterre of which reflects the rational aesthetics of the building. In the interior reception room there was a portrait of Jean-Armand du Peyrer, painted by the Le Nain brothers, above the fireplace until the 20th century. In 1708 the castle came into the hands of the family of the Marquis de Monein through an inheritance, who kept it until the beginning of the 20th century. On July 12, 2012 the castle was classified as a monument historique . It can be viewed on certain days from April to September.
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture is traditionally one of the most important economic factors in the municipality, which is also increasingly focusing on tourism.
Trois-Villes is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally produced semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
total = 17
sport and freetime
A medium-difficult hiking trail with a length of 12 km and a difference in altitude of 580 m leads from the center of the municipality to the La Madeleine chapel in the neighboring municipality of Tardets-Sorholus.
traffic
Trois-Villes is crossed by Route départementale 918 (former Route nationale 618 ) and is connected to other municipalities in the department by a line from the Transports 64 bus network .
Personalities
- Jean-Armand du Peyrer, Comte de Tréville, born in 1598 in Oloron-Sainte-Marie, died on May 8, 1672 in Trois-Villes.
_fronton_avec_statue_de_pelotari.JPG)
- Pierre Bordaçarre, born on May 28, 1908 in Trois-Villes, died on September 1, 1979 in Pau , was a writer, bertsolari, pastoralist, musician and member of the Royal Academy of the Basque Language. A Bertsolari ( German poet ) is a singer of verses in Basque who improvises in front of an audience. The pastoral is a form of traditional theater in Basque language with music and dance, which is particularly widespread in the Soule and is part of the intangible cultural heritage of France. Pierre Bordaçarre composed his first songs when he was barely 20. The farmer got his inspiration in the fields he worked in or while looking after his animals. The Pastorale already seemed out of date, but received a new impetus from Pierre Bordaçarre. He died unexpectedly after a surgical operation. A statue is now on the frontón of the municipality.
Web links
- Atlas du Patrimoine Historique et Culturel with images from Trois-Villes (French)
- Trois-Villes on the website of the former association of municipalities (French)
- "Transports 64" bus from the department (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Filière Porc Basque website (French)
Individual evidence
- ^ Lieux - toponymie Iruri (Ibarrezker) ( fr ) Royal Academy of the Basque Language . Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ a b c Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Trois-Villes ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ géoportail - Trois-Villes ( fr ) Institut national de l'information geographique et forestière . Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Trois-Villes ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ a b Jean-Baptiste Orpustan: Nouvelle toponymie basque ( fr , PDF) p. 109. 2010. Accessed on December 28, 2017.
- ^ Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 168, 1863. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Trois-Villes ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune de Trois-Villes (64537) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Trois-Villes (64537) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ Eglise Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 28, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ Tombe du comte de Tréville ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 28, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ Dalle funéraire de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ Chœur de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 28, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ Retable de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 28, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ Pupitre de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 28, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ Fonts baptismaux de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 28, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ Monument aux morts de Trois-Villes ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ Château d'Elissabia (ou Eliçabéa) ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 28, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ^ Château de Trois-Villes dit "d'Eliçabea" ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Trois-Villes (64537) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ La Madeleine Madalena Zerra ( fr , PDF) Soule Xiberoa tourist office. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ Pierre Bordaçarre ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
