Escos
| Escos | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Orthez et Terres des Gaves et du Sel | |
| Community association | Bearn des Gaves | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 27 ′ N , 1 ° 0 ′ W | |
| height | 23-162 m | |
| surface | 5.61 km 2 | |
| Residents | 236 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 42 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64270 | |
| INSEE code | 64205 | |
 Parish Church of Escos |
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Escos is a French municipality with 236 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie (until 2016: Arrondissement Pau ) and the canton of Orthez et Terres des Gaves et du Sel (until 2015: Canton Salies-de-Béarn ).
The name in the Gascognic language is Escòs . The residents are called Escossais or Escossaises .
geography
Escos is located about 50 km northwest of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the historic province of Béarn on the northern edge of the department.
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Auterrive | Castagnède | |
| Labastide-Villefranche |
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|
Oraàs |
| Abitain |
Escos lies in the catchment area of the Adour River and lies on the left bank of the Gave d'Oloron , a tributary of the Gave de Pau . The Ruisseau de Massariou and tributaries of the Gave, the Crabé and the Ruisseau de la Pounte, flow through the territory of the municipality.
history
Escos was at the interface between Navarre and Gascony . It was dependent on both the Duke of Gramont , who ruled over an area around what is now the municipality of Bidache , and the diocese of Dax . During the Huguenot Wars , Margaret of Navarre , Queen of Navarre , ordered the fortification of the Escos church. In the 18th century, the community took part in the general economic boom in Béarn with the establishment of important tanneries .
Toponyms and mentions of Escos were:
- Escos (1105),
- sanctus johannes de escos (1160),
- escoz (1305),
- Escos (1309),
- Escaut (1352, documents from Came ),
- Sent-Johan d'Escos and Escoos (1439 and 1440 respectively, notaries from Labastide-Villefranche ),
- Ecos (1582, transfer of the diocese of Dax) and
- Escos en Navarre (1675, collection of manuscripts from the 16th to 18th centuries).
Population development
After a peak in the number of inhabitants with 649 inhabitants in the 1836 census, the number fell by around two thirds to 217 inhabitants during short recovery phases up to the turn of the millennium. This overall negative trend has not continued since then, but there is no evidence of a sustained growth trend.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 287 | 282 | 269 | 256 | 241 | 217 | 228 | 246 | 236 |
Attractions
- Parish church dedicated to John the Baptist . It was built in the 15th century in the Gothic style and has been rebuilt several times over the centuries. Remains of the earlier Romanesque church can be identified on the apse . In the Huguenot Wars, Margaret of Navarre, Queen of Navarre, ordered the fortification of the church in order to be prepared for armed conflict. It was restored in the 17th century to repair the damage caused by the wars. Modifications in the 19th century changed its appearance. The bell tower was rebuilt from 1840 to 1842 as an entrance porch, in 1862 a side aisle was added on the north side and in 1884 glass windows from the Mauméjean stained glass factory from Pau , which is well-known in the region, were inserted. A project for the completely new building by the architect Henri d'Arnaudat was rejected. In 1974 more decorative glass windows were added. The tabernacle of the altar in the side chapel is richly decorated. Small panels show scenic representations in half relief , e.g. B. on the door the representation of Christ at rest . It represents the moment of passion after Christ was stripped of his clothes and before he was nailed to the cross. The volutes and angel heads suggest a work from the 18th century.
- Castle of Escos. In the 19th century, a rotunda on the west side and a belvedere on the east side were added to the former manor house , giving the present-day palace its appearance.
- House Lassalle. Various architectural elements indicate that the house was probably built in the 18th century. The special thing about it is that influences from the Basque Country and the Béarn mix. The lower part of the walls is masonry , mixed with pebbles. The large gate with white ornamental framed, which is typical for the Béarn. The upper part of the facade is designed with half-timbering, the spaces between which are covered with bricks. The window openings reveal the function of the rooms behind. Larger, square windows above the gate indicate living spaces, while smaller windows are used to ventilate haylofts.
- House super. The traditional architecture of one of the oldest houses in the municipality means that it was built in the 17th century. The ground floor is made of coarse masonry, covered with plaster, while the facade of the upper floor is designed with half-timbering, the spaces between which are covered with bricks. The twin windows show the age of the building. The windows on the upper floor are framed with stone, which speaks for a certain wealth of the owner. Bearner houses made of wood, clay and straw from the time of construction are very rare because they could not withstand weather and fire.
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture, handicrafts and tourism are the most important economic factors in the municipality. Escos is located in the AOC areas of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
total = 30
education
The municipality has a public primary school with 18 children in the 2016/2017 school year.
traffic
Escos can be reached via Routes départementales 28 and 936 (former Route nationale 636 ).
Web links
- Escos on the website of the former association of municipalities (French)
- Website of the Tourist Office of the Association of Municipalities (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Filière Porc Basque website (French)
- Escos on the map by Cassini 1750
Individual evidence
- ↑ Escos ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
- ↑ a b c Escos ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Escos ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
- ^ Jean-Baptiste Orpustan: Nouvelle toponymie basque ( fr ) University of Bordeaux . S. 103. 2006. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
- ^ Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 60, 1863. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
- ↑ Notice Communale Escos ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved May 6, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune d'Escos (64205) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved May 6, 2017.
- ^ Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 6, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved May 6, 2017.
- ↑ Tabernacle de la chapelle latérale de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 6, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Château d'Escos ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 6, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Maison Lassalle ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 6, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Maison Superne ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 6, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved May 6, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune d'Escos (64205) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved on May 6, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ École élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
