Tabaille-Usquain
| Tabaille-Usquain | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Orthez et Terres des Gaves et du Sel | |
| Community association | Bearn des Gaves | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 21 ′ N , 0 ° 54 ′ W | |
| height | 69-181 m | |
| surface | 4.50 km 2 | |
| Residents | 44 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 10 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64190 | |
| INSEE code | 64531 | |
 Tabaille-Usquain Town Hall |
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Tabaille-Usquain is a French municipality with 44 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie (until 2016: Arrondissement Pau ) and the canton of Orthez et Terres des Gaves et du Sel (until 2015: Canton Sauveterre-de-Béarn ).
The name in the Gascognic language is Tabalha-Usquenh . The residents are called tabaillais and tabaillaises .
geography
Tabaille-Usquain is about 35 km northwest of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the historic province of Béarn .
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein | Montfort | |
| Espiute |
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Tabaille-Usquain is located in the catchment area of the Adour River and lies on the right bank of the Saison , a tributary of the Gave d'Oloron . The Ruisseau d'Usquain and the Ruisseau Haubiel, tributaries of the season, cross the territory of the commune.
history
Although the villages of Tabaille and Usquain had been linked since their inception, it was not until April 18, 1842 that the two parishes merged to form Tabaille-Usquain. The proximity to the historical province of Soule in the Basque Country and the geographical location on the hills above the valley of the season made the two villages guardian in the Middle Ages . At the end of the 12th century, the manorial power of Philippe de Laplace and a lord de Casamajor was sought. In the course of the Middle Ages a third person was added, Domenger von Usquain, called Domecq. The 1385 census of the Béarn counted seven households in Tabaille and twelve in Usquain. Both belonged to the Bailliage of Sauveterre . In Usquain there was a lay monastery under the Viscount of Béarn. During the reign of the French King Louis XV. the Béarn maintained close ties with Spain . A descendant of Domecq emigrated to Spain. At the beginning of the 19th century, Pedro Domecq became known for his international marketing of sherry and later for breeding bulls in Andalusia .
Toponyms and mentions of tabaille were:
- Tavalhe (1385, census in the Béarn),
- Tebalhe (1548, reformation de Béarn , collection of manuscripts from the 16th to 18th centuries, B. 762, sheet 25) and
- Tabaille (1750, 1793 and 1801, map from Cassini , Notice Communale or Bulletin des lois ).
Toponyms and mentions of Usquain were:
- Usquen (12th century, copy book of the Abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde , p. 27),
- Usquenh (1385, census in the Béarn),
- Usqueinh (1399, Treaties of Gots, Notary of the Viscount of Béarn, sheet 13),
- Usquain (1750, map by Cassini),
- Usquien (1793 and 1801, Notice Communale and Bulletin des lois, respectively ) and
- Usquain (1863, Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées).
Population development
The parish peaked in size with 185 inhabitants in the middle of the 19th century. As a result, short periods of recovery were followed by a long phase of stagnation, which continues to this day.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 100 | 83 | 79 | 53 | 62 | 53 | 53 | 45 | 44 |
Attractions
- Parish church dedicated to Lawrence of Rome . The church was built in neo-Gothic style around 1896 in the Domecq neighborhood of Usquain. The construction was financed by the Domecq family from Jerez de la Frontera . There are no traces of older masonry to be seen. From this it is concluded that the previous church was considered too small and was demolished with the construction of the new church. The bell tower above the entrance porch has exposed brickwork made of small rubble stones and pebbles and is covered with a helmet , which, like the long building, is covered with slate . The single nave nave is extended by a three-walled apse . Its vault has three cross arches, the ridges are painted with flowers and leaves and the keystones are decorated with crosses. A small wooden gallery extends over the entrance , providing additional space for visitors to a trade fair . It rests on a column that also forms an anchor point for the spiral staircase that provides access to the gallery. The choir houses the wrought iron altar and its associated tabernacle . The vault caps are painted blue with white stars and symbolize the sky. The tiles have the same decor. Vegetable motifs on the ridges in the choir form air-like garlands. Below the altar is a sculpture illustrating the birth of Jesus, and on the door of the tabernacle Jesus Christ is shown blessing and holding a book in his left hand. On the rear wall of the choir stands a statue of St. Lawrence. He stands with his feet on a railing, the object of his martyrdom . He holds a martyr's palm in his right hand and a book in his left. A stained glass window of the church shows the saint with the same attributes . Only the grid is set up here behind him. The background is an intense blue, which is bordered by a narrow gold edge that forms a cartridge around the body. The rest of the glass window is filled with a floral decoration on grisaille , an influence of Art Nouveau , which was in vogue in the late 19th century .
- Former lay monastery. It is at the end of a courtyard on the north side of the parish church. It shows elements of the traditional Béarn architecture. Its steeply sloping roof surfaces are covered with flat tiles, which are called "picon" due to the bracket with hooks. The borders of the entrance and the five windows are made of stone . The gate of the adjoining barn has a lintel made of wood and posts made of large rubble stones made of sandstone .
- House Capdepon. A stone on the western facade bears the strange inscription “bernadde lasala 1626”, which could indicate the year of construction. The building of the aristocratic residence is flanked by a three-story tower, the entrance of which is walled up on the ground floor. The pebbles with which it is built come from the Saison River and are arranged by the masons in a symmetrical motif reminiscent of fern leaves. This technique allows exposed walls and walls to be given an aesthetic look. The conical roof is covered with slate. In the southern part of the building there is another tower as well as a twin window and a dormer window . The barn has a mansard roof and a gate entrance. Its walls are made of pebbles from nearby Gave.
- House Domecq. It is the cradle of the Domecq family, whose namesake has been mentioned in the records since 1385. Today the building appears rather small. It is arranged in an L-shape and partly covered with ivy . The south facade is interrupted by three windows on the first floor. A double Genoese frieze runs under the roof with flat tiles . Three dormers with wooden bars give light to the attic.
- House Picamilh. One of its entrance doors bears the year "1667". The house shows the elements of the architectural style typical of the Béarn. The elongated building is divided into living rooms, cattle sheds and barns. The facade opens onto the inner courtyard, while the wall on the street side has only two windows. The steeply sloping roof, which protrudes slightly over the walls, is covered with traditional flat tiles.
Economy and Infrastructure
Tabaille-Usquain is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally produced semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
total = 6
traffic
Tabaille-Usquain can be reached via routes départementales 23, 316 and 723.
Personalities
Domecq family. The first mention of the family took place on April 5, 1364, when Bertrand, landlord of the Domecq district of Usquain, made his oath of honor and oath of loyalty to the castle of Orthez to the Viscount Gaston Fébus . Pierre Domecq Lembeye d'Usquain (1782–1839) emigrated to Jerez in Andalusia around 1800. There he bought vineyards and wine cellars from a cousin. Pierre-Hyacinthe Domecq (1824–1894) followed his uncle and got the family business going. In the 20th century, the Domecqs vineyards covered 3,000 hectares. King Alfonso XIII of Spain elevated the widow of Pierre-Hyacinthe Domecq to the rank of marquise after the death of her husband. In addition to viticulture, the descendants also devoted themselves to the breeding of fighting bulls and the establishment of horse breeding with one of the most famous riding schools in Andalusia. The members of the family carried out charitable projects with the construction of schools, hospitals, monasteries and, last but not least, the parish church of Tabaille-Usquain. Since 1993 the Domecq company has not belonged to the family, which remained connected to their Béarn roots. The tombs, six massive tombstones with no cross and no legible inscriptions, are in Usquain Cemetery.
Web links
- Atlas du Patrimoine Historique et Culturel with images from Tabaille-Usquain (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Filière Porc Basque website (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tabaille-Usquain ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ a b Tabaille-Usquain ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Tabaille-Usquain ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ^ A b c Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. Pp. 165, 172, 1863. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ a b David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Tabaille-Usquain ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ Notice Communale Usquain ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Tabaille-Usquain (64531) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ Eglise Saint-Laurent ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ Tribune à balustres de l'église Saint-Laurent ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ Clé de voûte de l'église Saint-Laurent ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ Statue de saint Laurent dans l'église Saint-Laurent ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ^ Vitrail de saint Laurent ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Laurent ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ Abbaye laïque de Tabaille-Usquain ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ Maison Capdepon ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ Maison Domecq ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ Maison Picamilh ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Tabaille-Usquain (64531) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ↑ Famille Domecq ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
