Oraàs
| Oraàs | ||
|---|---|---|
|
||
| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Orthez et Terres des Gaves et du Sel | |
| Community association | Bearn des Gaves | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 26 ′ N , 0 ° 59 ′ W | |
| height | 27-172 m | |
| surface | 10.57 km 2 | |
| Residents | 176 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 17 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64390 | |
| INSEE code | 64423 | |
Oraàs is a French municipality with 176 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the canton of Orthez et Terres des Gaves et du Sel (until 2015: Canton Sauveterre-de-Béarn ).
The name in the Gascognischen language is Oràs . The inhabitants are called Oraàsois and Oraàsoises .
geography
Oraàs is about 45 kilometers northwest of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the historic province of Béarn .
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Castagnède | Salies-de-Bearn | |
| Escos |
.svg)
|
Sauveterre-de-Béarn |
| Abitain | Athos-Aspis |
Oraàs is located in the catchment area of the Adour River . The Gave d'Oloron crosses the territory of the commune with its tributaries,
- the Arrec Héuré and its tributary,
- the Arrec Baraillou, and
- the Ruisseau de Laclau and its tributary,
- the Arrec de Lasmarges.
history
Until the 15th century, the landlords of Oraàs only carried the title "de Leü". In 1678 Antoine de Lons owned two water mills . The oldest, called “Arbus Mill”, was built over the Arrec Héuré stream. It is inscribed on Cassini's map . The other was on the other side of the Gave by Abitain. This gave the landlord the right to maintain a boat to cross the Gave. The Napoleonic Wars did not leave Oraàs untouched, because the bodies of three English soldiers were found in the municipality . Rock salt emerges in the wooded hills . Oraàs was known for its very salty spring water, which was extracted in the second half of the 19th century.
Toponyms and mentions of Oraàs were:
- Oras (13th century, fors de Béarn , manuscript from the 14th century, p. 20),
- Nostre-Done d'Oras (1442, notaries from Labastide-Villefranche , No. 1, sheet 44),
- Horas and Horaas (1538 and 1548, respectively, manuscript collection from the 16th to 18th centuries),
- Oras (1750 and 1793, map by Cassini or Notice Communale ),
- Oraas (1801, Bulletin des lois ) and
- Oràas (1863, Dictionnaire topographique Béarn-Pays basque).
Population development
After a peak in the number of inhabitants of 565 in the middle of the 19th century, the number fell during some recovery phases until the turn of the millennium to a level of around 170, which is still held today.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 217 | 205 | 212 | 197 | 180 | 170 | 175 | 163 | 176 |
Attractions
- Parish church, dedicated to the Assumption . It was built in the 14th century mainly from sandstone from the region and pebbles from nearby Gave. The long building with a nave is extended by an apse , which is closed with five walls. High, narrow windows on three walls let light into the choir . The wall corners are reinforced with buttresses with water noses. The bell tower above the entrance porch on the other side of the church was probably added in the late 19th century. The southern entrance shows itself through the vaults of its round arch and small capitals that are very eroded. The entrance on the west side is slightly ogival. It has three vaults with thick bulges that rest on capitals that are decorated with long palmettes . The surrounding archivolt is studded with stars. The nave and choir are equipped with a ribbed vault . The altar in the choir of the church has no tabernacle , but is embellished with a medallion , a garland of foliage and two cherubine heads.
- Leu Castle. In the district of the same name, the castle was built on a mound on a hill at the end of the 13th century. One of the first landlords was Espan du Leü, abbot of the lay monastery of Orthez and friend of Gaston Fébus , Viscount of Béarn. In 1725 the castle was still surrounded by a double moat and had a barn, horse stables, a wine cellar, an inner courtyard and a garden. But at the time of the French Revolution it was already being called a ruin. The thickness of the walls of the three-story building varies between 1.20 m and 1.30 m. Windows of different sizes are arranged on different floors without symmetry. Below the hipped roof , a Genoese frieze, consisting of a double row of bricks in the mortar, runs around the building. The defensive function of the original building is characterized by corbels and loopholes that can still be seen today . The castle now houses a farm and is not open to the public.
- Oraàs manor. From 1940 to 1950 it was owned by Maurice Escande, later director of the Comédie-Française . It is built in the traditional architectural style with pebbles from the Gave and roofs with dormers and flat tiles.
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture is traditionally the most important economic factor in the municipality. The "Villa Bys" winery has been building wines and vineyards on 26 hectares since 2004. a. the AOC Béarn .
Oraàs is located in the AOC zones of the Béarn wine-growing region, the Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and ham "Kintoa".
total = 17
traffic
Oraàs can be reached via routes départementales 27 and 284.
Personalities
- Maurice Escande, born on November 14, 1892 in Paris , died on February 10, 1973 in Paris, was a French theater and film actor and a. a. Director of the Comédie-Française from 1960 to 1970. He lived on his estate in Oraàs in the 1930s.
- Cécile Sorel, born on September 7, 1873 in Paris, died on September 3, 1966 in Trouville-sur-Mer ( Calvados department ), was a French actress and member of the Comédie-Française. For several years she spent the summer months with Maurice Escande, with whom she became friends.
Web links
- Website of the Tourist Office of the Association of Municipalities (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Filière Porc Basque website (French)
- Website of the domain "Villa Bys" (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Oraàs ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ↑ a b c Oraàs ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 16, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Oraàs ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ↑ a b David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ^ Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 125, 1863. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Oraàs ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune d'Oraàs (64423) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Église Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 16, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Château de Leu ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 16, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Gentilhommière d'Oraàs ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on October 16, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune d'Oraàs (64423) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved October 16, 2017.
