Esquiule
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Esquiule Eskiula |
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Oloron-Sainte-Marie-1 | |
| Community association | Haut Bearn | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 12 ′ N , 0 ° 42 ′ W | |
| height | 190-661 m | |
| surface | 28.58 km 2 | |
| Residents | 537 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 19 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64400 | |
| INSEE code | 64217 | |
 Esquiule entrance sign |
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Esquiule is a French municipality with 537 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). It belongs to the Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the Canton of Oloron-Sainte-Marie-1 (until 2015: Canton of Oloron-Sainte-Marie-Ouest ).
The inhabitants are called Esquiulais or Esquiulaises . The name in the Gascognic language is Esquiula . The name of the municipality is Eskiula in the Basque language .
geography
Esquiule is about 10 km west of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the historic province of Béarn .
The highest point in the municipality is the Sommet de Cambillou ( 661 m ).
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
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Géronce Orin |
Moumour | |
| Barcus |
.svg)
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Oloron-Sainte-Marie |
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Ance-Féas Aramits |
Esquiule is located in the Adour river basin .
Tributaries of the Gave d'Oloron flow through the municipality:
- the Vert and its tributary
- Littos with its tributaries
- Ruisseau Gorria and
- Ruisseau Couéüs,
- Littos with its tributaries
- the Joos with its tributaries
- Bouhatéko Erreka,
- Ruisseau de Cambillou and
- Josset.
history
Settlement in the Gallo-Roman period is evidenced by the discovery of a site with curved section walls and an elliptical leveled area.
Nevertheless, the community was only founded in the 15th century by the Baron de Luxe, landlord of Tardets and owner of the area. At the beginning of the 15th century, he had the youngest of the Basque families from the historic regions of Soule and Lower Navarra brought in to develop the area that is now the municipality. This explains the persistence of the Basque language on this part of the Béarn. In 1444 the first land was awarded by the Baron de Luxe, in 1535 land, houses and barns were recognized as their property in return for a small annual fee and the obligation to have the flour milled in the landlord's mill.
At the end of the 16th century, the Barons de Luxe lost the manorial power, which went to the Baron Guicharnaud de Mesplès from Aren . The baronate remained with his family until the French Revolution , when Jean-César de Mesplès was the last baron to leave the community. His sister sold all of the property to a wealthy merchant named Lagarde after his death. When the departments were established in 1790, the municipality was added to the canton of Aramits . However, the residents, who still felt they belonged to the Basque culture, did not want to accept this easily. With the referendum of January 23, 1796, the citizens demanded admission to the Basque canton of Barcus. This request was rejected. With the establishment of the arrondissements on February 17, 1800, the canton of Aramits was redesigned and Esquiule moved to the canton of Oloron-Sainte-Marie-Ouest . The assignments confirmed the administrative affiliation of the municipality to the Béarn.
Toponyms and mentions of Esquiule were
- Esquiula , Squiule (1542, manuscript collection from the 16th to 18th centuries),
- Esquiulle (1548, collection of manuscripts from the 16th to 18th centuries),
- Esquieulle (1750, map by Cassini ),
- Esquiule (1793, Notice Communale) and
- Esquieulle and Esquiule (1801, Notice Communale).
Population development
After a peak in the population of over 1,500 at the end of the 18th century, the number fell to a third with short growth phases by the 1980s. Since then, the number of residents has stabilized at around 500.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 617 | 538 | 497 | 474 | 523 | 500 | 541 | 534 | 537 |
Attractions
- Parish church dedicated to the Immaculate Conception . The parish became independent from Barcus in the 17th century and so the first church in Esquiule was built in 1645 on the basis of several borrowings taken up by the parish . After being struck by lightning in 1859, it was considered overall inadequate and out of date in 1873. From 1874 to 1879 the nave and the choir were rebuilt. The bell tower above the entrance was built from 1882 to 1885. The tympanum above the main entrance is dated 1885, the year the new church was consecrated . Before 1894, the painting on the walls and on the vault was done in the studio of the pastor and artist Xavier Montaut from Oloron-Sainte-Marie. The nave has a main nave flanked by two chapels that form a false transept. Galleries on two levels tower above the nave on three sides, as is usual in Basque churches.
- Ruins of the former Jauréguia castle. The son of Guicharnaud de Mesples, who obtained the manorial rule of Esquiule at the end of the 16th century, had a castle built in the Renaissance style around 1600 . Only the stair tower is left of the complex as an intact part of the building , as the building materials from the other parts were used to restore the castle in Aren. The ivy- covered building supports a spiral staircase with a sandstone spindle . The former residential building, which no longer exists today, consisted of two wings that enclosed a tower. Only the round apse and high windows are left of the chapel .
- Ornate lintel. There are still many houses in Esquiule that date from the 18th and 19th centuries, as evidenced by the inscriptions on the lintels. In one of these examples, the year 1826 and the inscription "CASE NOVE", new house, are carved on a rectangular stone. In addition, a Latin cross , symbol of the Catholic religion, and motifs in the form of waves and flowers can be seen in the middle .
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture and services are important economic factors in the community. Esquiule is located in the AOC areas of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
total = 59
education
The community has a public primary school.
sport and freetime
A hiking trail of 10.7 km in length with a difference in altitude of 520 m leads from the town center to the Sommet de Cambillou . The same route can also be done by bike or horse.
traffic
Esquiule can be reached via routes départementales 24, 159 and 524.
Web links
- Esquiule on the website of the former municipal council tourist office (French)
- Esquiule on the website of the Tourist Office of the Association of Municipalities (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Filière Porc Basque website (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pyrénées-Atlantiques Gentile ( fr ) habitant.fr. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ↑ Esquiule ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ↑ Lieux - toponymie: Eskiula (Soule) ( fr ) euskaltzaindia . Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ↑ géoportail - Esquiule ( fr ) Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière . Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Esquiule ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ↑ a b c Esquiule ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ↑ a b Esquiule Histoire du village ( fr ) Esquiule municipality. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ^ Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 62, 1863. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Esquiule ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune d'Esquiule (64217) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Église de l'Immaculée Conception ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 18, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ église paroissiale de l'Immaculée-Conception ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Ruines de l'ancien château Jauréguia ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 18, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Linteau de porte sculpté dans le village d'Esquiule ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 18, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune d'Esquiule (64217) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved on May 18, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ École élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ↑ La porte du Pays Basque ( fr , PDF) Tourist Office of the Piémont Oloronais. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
