Sauguis-Saint-Etienne

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Sauguis-Saint-Étienne
Zalgize-Doneztebe
Sauguis-Saint-Étienne (France)
Sauguis-Saint-Etienne
region Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement Oloron-Sainte-Marie
Canton Montagne Basque
Community association Pays Basque
Coordinates 43 ° 9 ′  N , 0 ° 53 ′  W Coordinates: 43 ° 9 ′  N , 0 ° 53 ′  W
height 175-728 m
surface 8.81 km 2
Residents 165 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 19 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 64470
INSEE code 64509

Parish Church of Saint Martin in Sauguis

Sauguis-Saint-Etienne is a French municipality with 165 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the Canton of Montagne Basque (until 2015: Canton Tardets-Sorholus ).

The name in the Basque language is Zalgize-Doneztebe . The inhabitants are called accordingly Zalgiztar or Doneztebear .

Zalgize is a derivative of the Basque word Zalge ( German  Lolch or ryegrass ), Doneztebe is the Basque word for Saint-Étienne , the name of a saint who Christianized the Basque Country .

geography

Sauguis-Saint-Étienne is about 25 km west of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the historic province of Soule in the French part of the Basque Country.

Sauguis-Saint-Étienne is surrounded by the neighboring municipalities:

Menditte Roquiague
Neighboring communities Barcus
Ossas-Suhare Trois-Villes

Sauguis-Saint-Étienne is located in the catchment area of ​​the Adour River .

Tributaries of the Gave d'Oloron cross the territory of the commune,

  • the Lausset , which rises in Sauguis-Saint-Étienne and is also called Locé here , and
  • the season with its tributaries,
    • the Ruisseau Guéchala and
    • the Ibarra Erreka with its tributaries,
      • the Ihixart Erreka and
      • the Ruisseau Cocostéguy.
Disc-shaped grave steles in the Sauguis cemetery
Way cross in the style of a disc-shaped grave stele

history

A fortified camp from prehistory on the Zerra massif in the eastern part of the municipality and a defense system at the site with the field name Gaztalaria in the south of the municipality support the theory of settlement since prehistory . The area was originally a baronate who was subordinate to the Viscount of Soule. A noble residence that can still be seen in Saint-Étienne around 1276 is a reminder of this. Sauguis is known for the seat of a lay monastery in 1327. On June 27, 1843, the parishes of Sauguis and Saint-Étienne merged to form today's parish.

Toponyms and mentions of Sauguis were:

  • Sauguis (1337, 1520, 1690),
  • Apat Salguys (1347),
  • Sauguis (1470, contracts from Ohix, notary from Soule, sheet 11),
  • Salguis (1657),
  • Sauguis (1750, map by Cassini ),
  • Sauquis (1793, Notice Communale ) and
  • Sauguis (1801, Bulletin des lois ).

Toponyms and mentions of Saint-Étienne were:

  • Sent-Stephen (around 1475, Treaties of Ohix, sheet 21),
  • Saint Estienne and Sent Estephen (1690),
  • Saint Etienne (1750 and 1793, map by Cassini and Notice Communale, respectively ) and
  • Saint-Etienne (1801, Bulletin des lois ).

Population development

The community peaked in size with around 455 inhabitants in the mid-19th century. As a result, the number of inhabitants stagnated in the following years to 360, recovered to 440 by the 1880s. In the following period, a long-lasting phase of stagnation set in that continues to this day.

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2009 2017
Residents 262 236 204 190 200 201 181 166 165
Until 1836 only residents of Sauguis, from 1841 of Sauguis-Saint-Étienne
From 1962 official figures without residents with a secondary residence
Sources: EHESS / Cassini until 2006, INSEE from 2009

Attractions

Apse of the parish church of Saint-Martin
  • Parish church in Sauguis, consecrated to Martin of Tours . The Gothic style church was probably built between the late 12th and early 16th centuries. The typical architectural element of the Soule is its clocher trinitaire . The bell gable is interrupted by two openings for the bells and runs upwards into three pointed roofs as a symbol for the Trinity . The interior of the church holds u. a. a statue made of polychrome wood from the 17th century and a lecture cross . The main rectangular altar is covered in leather and has two crosses on its front, the four ends of which are decorated with irises , Christian symbols of purity. Behind the altar is the altar retable , which is comparatively simple for Basque churches. It is aligned with a large wooden tabernacle . A cross is placed above it, above which several cherubine heads peek out of clouds. Two wooden sculptures in the form of kneeling seraphim with rounded faces and colored cheeks frame the reredos. On a wall inside the church there is a niche with an opening in the shape of a round arch. It is comparatively deep and designed to protect a medium-sized religious object that has now been lost. Today there is a desk with a swivel base in the niche. A disc-shaped grave stele leans on the outside of the church wall. The special thing about it is the motif of three crossed out "S" placed side by side. They are reminiscent of the "S", which is often wrapped around the "P" in Christ monograms and stands for the first letter of "Salvator" ( German  savior ).
Parish Church of Saint-Étienne in Saint-Étienne
  • Parish church in Saint-Etienne. At one time, Saint-Étienne was, together with Sainte-Engrâce, the only village with a saint in its name. The parish church is therefore consecrated to St. Stephen. The date of its construction is unknown. In return, the church's furnishings dating from the 17th and 18th centuries have been classified as Monument historique since July 18, 1977 . The unity of altar and reredos in Baroque style from the 17th and 18th centuries is part of it. The retable is pyramid-shaped, made entirely of wood and gilded except for the faces of the figures. It consists of two levels that terminate in volutes at the ends . Small columns structure the work, which is equipped with a very large number of statuettes and bas-reliefs . A sequence of religious figures defines the lower level, in the middle of which the tabernacle is integrated. Its door illustrates the motif of Christ at rest in a relief . He stands upright with his hands tied and waits to be crucified . Above it is a bust of God the Father , whose hand rests on the globe. In the center of the reredos is a statue of Mary with the baby Jesus on her arm.
  • Apphatia Castle in Sauguis, probably built around the 14th century. It was the birth house of Bertrand de Sauguis, a 16th century Basque poet and the home of the family of Pierre Lhande (1877-1957). The three-story main house is built in the back of a two-story building, which undoubtedly served as a residential building for the servants. The castle shows typical features of the souletin architecture. Its roof, for example, has a steep slope of 45 ° to 50 °. This construction method is due to the climatic conditions of the region and prevents the snow from the nearby Pyrenees from piling up too much on the roof in winter and damaging it with its weight. The castle has recently been completely restored and is now used as a residential building.

Economy and Infrastructure

Ossau-Iraty

Agriculture and handicrafts are the most important economic factors in the municipality.

Sauguis-Saint-Étienne is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made Osserain-Rivareyte semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".

Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2015
total = 18

sport and freetime

A medium-difficult hiking trail with a length of 12 km and a difference in altitude of 580 m leads from the center of the municipality to the La Madeleine chapel in the area of ​​the municipality of Tardets-Sorholus .

traffic

Sauguis-Saint-Étienne can be reached via Routes départementales 149, 150 and 918 (former Route nationale 618 ) and is connected to other municipalities in the department by a line from the Transports 64 bus network via Mauléon-Licharre .

Personalities

  • Jean-Bernard d'Uhart, born on June 17, 1765 in Uhart-Mixe , died on May 18, 1834 in Sauguis, was a master blacksmith and politician. He was a representative of the Souletian nobility in the Estates General on July 1, 1789. When his father died in 1795, he inherited his possessions, including a. the Apphatia Castle in Sauguis.
  • Pierre Lhande, born on July 4, 1877 in Bayonne , died on April 17, 1957 in Tardets-Sorholus, was a writer, Jesuit priest and co-founder of the Royal Academy of the Basque Language . During his time in Paris , he roamed the working class suburbs and wrote articles on the problems of Christian life in the area. Pierre Lhande was one of the pioneers in the field of radio sermons, his first broadcast on January 2, 1927. Before he settled in Tardets towards the end of his life, he lived for a few years at his family's castle in Sauguis. He was buried in the Saguis cemetery, where his grave can still be found today.

Web links

Commons : Sauguis-Saint-Étienne  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lieux - toponymie Zalgize-Doneztebe (Arbaila Handia (-a)) ( fr ) euskaltzaindia . Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  2. ↑ a b c Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Sauguis-Saint-Etienne ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 15, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 15, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  3. ↑ Ma commune: Sauguis-Saint-Étienne ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  4. ^ A b c Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. Pp. 148, 157, 1863. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  5. ↑ a b Jean-Baptiste Orpustan: Nouvelle toponymie basque ( fr , PDF) p. 113. 2010. Retrieved on December 15, 2017.
  6. ↑ a b David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  7. ↑ a b Notice Communale Sauguis-Saint-Étienne ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  8. ^ Notice Communale Saint-Étienne ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  9. ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Sauguis-Saint-Étienne (64509) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  10. ↑ Eglise Saint-Martin de Sauguis ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 15, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 15, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  11. ↑ Retable de l'église de Sauguis ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 15, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 15, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  12. ↑ Séraphin du retable de l'église de Sauguis ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 15, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 15, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  13. ↑ Niche de l'église de Sauguis ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 15, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 15, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  14. ↑ Stèle discoïdale de l'église de Sauguis ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 15, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 15, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  15. ↑ Eglise Saint-Etienne ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 15, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 15, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  16. ↑ Mobilier ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  17. ↑ Autel de l'église Saint-Etienne ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 15, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 15, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  18. ↑ Retable de l'église Saint-Etienne ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 15, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 15, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  19. ↑ Tabernacle de l'église Saint-Etienne ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 15, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 15, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  20. ↑ Château Apphatia ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 15, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 15, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  21. ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  22. ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Sauguis-Saint-Étienne (64509) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  23. ↑ La Madeleine Madalena Zerra ( fr , PDF) Soule Xiberoa tourist office. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  24. ↑ Le Père Lhande ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 15, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 15, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr