Borce

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Borce
Borce (France)
Borce
region Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement Oloron-Sainte-Marie
Canton Oloron-Sainte-Marie-1
Community association Haut Bearn
Coordinates 42 ° 55 ′  N , 0 ° 34 ′  W Coordinates: 42 ° 55 ′  N , 0 ° 34 ′  W
height 560-2,258 m
surface 58.05 km 2
Residents 134 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 2 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 64490
INSEE code 64136

Borce Town Hall

Borce is a French municipality with 134 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). It belongs to the Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the Canton of Oloron-Sainte-Marie-1 (until 2015: Canton of Accous ).

geography

Borce is about 40 km south of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the Aspetal , one of the three valleys of the Hoch– Béarn on the border with the Autonomous Community of Navarre in northern Spain .

The highest point in the municipality is the Pic de Gabedaille ( 2258  m ).

The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:

Cette-Eygun
Accous Neighboring communities Etsaut
Urdos

Borce lies in the catchment area of ​​the Adour River . The Gave d'Aspe forms the entire eastern border of the municipality.

Several of its tributaries flow through the parish:

  • the Ruisseau d'Espelunguère with its tributary
    • Ruisseau de Couecq,
  • the Ruisseau de Lapachouaou,
  • the Gave du Baralet,
  • the Gave de Belonce with its tributaries
    • Ruisseau de Saoubathou,
    • Ruisseau de Lacarroche,
    • Ruisseau de Bardiancou,
    • Ruisseau de Bait des Bous and
    • Ruisseau de Sauquet,
  • the Ruisseau de Boussoum and
  • the Ruisseau de Nardet.

history

Finds of barrows from the Neolithic Age and Cromlechs in Borce prove an early settlement of the area. The community was first mentioned in the 12th century as Borsa ( copy of the Sauvelade monastery ), Borza (1186, copy of Barcelona ) and Borse (1250, manuscript of the Vicomté des Aspetals d'en haut ). In the census of 1385 66 households were counted and it was noted that the village is in the Bailliage des Vicomtes des Aspetals.

Two towers from the 14th century turned the parish into a fortified village. The town hall is located in one of these permanent houses with a wall thickness of more than one meter . In the Middle Ages Borce lay on the Way of St. James to Santiago de Compostela and there was since the 15th century pilgrims to the pilgrims to receive. The Huguenot Wars of the 16th century left their mark on Borce. The Borçois remained with the Catholic party in the conflict and in 1569 they successfully defended the community against the Protestant troops of Jeanne d'Albret , Queen of Navarre .

In 1674 the parish of Sanctus Michael de Borse was incorporated into the Diocese of Oloron . On the map of Cassini 1750, the municipality is already drawn in its present form. There was a thermal bath at the source of Poutrou until it was destroyed by floods in 1828 .

Population development

After the population peaked in the middle of the 19th century with 860 inhabitants, the rural exodus began and the number reduced significantly, to around one sixth by the 1980s. After a brief increase, the number tends to go down again.

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2009 2017
Residents 249 245 205 132 195 163 172 169 134
From 1962 official figures without residents with a secondary residence
Sources: EHESS / Cassini until 2006, INSEE from 2009

Town twinning

Borce has been twinning with Ansó in Spain since 1975 .

Culture and sights

Museums

Écomusée de la Vallée d'Aspe

The Écomusée de la Vallée d'Aspe shows in three communities of the Aspetal, each with a theme, the life of yesterday and today in the mountain region. The museum in Borce is housed in a former chapel and pilgrim hostel, and the exhibitions are themed “Stop on the Way of St. James”. The origins, past and present motifs and the circumstances of a pilgrimage are told in a sober mood. A modern sculpture in the form of 13 glass columns serves to enliven it .

The pilgrims' hostel was first mentioned in a document in 1505. It was dedicated to Anthony the Great and was usually built outside the city walls to receive pilgrims. The shape of the current building, however, seems to date from the 17th century and to replace the earlier building, which may have fallen victim to the fire in 1569 when the Protestant troops under Bernard d'Arros attacked. In addition to the bedrooms for the poor and pilgrims, the building consisted of a chapel for the Holy Mass and living rooms for the nursing staff. In 1721 the dilapidated building was restored. The barrel vault was replaced by a ribbed vault . The white marble entrance also dates from this period. The pilgrims' hostel fulfilled its purpose until the French Revolution , since then it has been available for various military uses. Soldiers from Napoléon's army who had returned from Spain put graffiti on the walls of the former chapel, which can still be seen today when visiting the museum. From 1838 the building was considered uninhabitable, in 1864 it was sold as a stable and the former small cemetery behind the house became a vegetable garden.

Buildings

Church Saint-Michel
Away you Portalet
  • Church dedicated to the Archangel Michael . The medieval building was redesigned in the 17th century. The entrance portal on the west side dates from this time. During the French Revolution it was converted into a Temple of Reason in 1793 and a year later into a barracks , but in 1802 it was returned to the Roman Catholic Church. The single nave nave is closed with a flat apse and has two side chapels . The canopy over the entrance was built in 1816. The church underwent several restorations in the 19th century, including the renovation of the interior. In the first half of the 20th century, stained glass windows from Mauméjean , a well-known stained glass company in the region, were used; the painting is a work from 1934 by the painter René Marie Castaing from Pau. A special feature at the same time the oldest inventory object of the Church is the holy water font made of black limestone from the 12th or 15th century. Its decoration with a pilgrim shell , a pilgrim's staff and a bearded head is a direct reference to the location of the community on the Camino de Santiago.
  • Town hall, former permanent house. It was built in the 13th century to protect the nearby church. Restored in the 19th and 20th centuries, it is now the municipality's town hall. It is covered with a tent roof made of slate and has three floors with a circumferential gallery and balustrade made of wood on the north and east sides. There is also access via an ogival door. Loopholes on the north and south sides show the defensive role of the building over the centuries.
  • Away you Portalet. The beginnings of the earlier fort date back to the 16th century as a customs post at an altitude of ( 765  m ) on a steep rock face high above the Gave d'Aspe. Alfred de Vigny , a French writer , wrote several poems there in 1823 . Today's fort was built on the instructions of King Louis-Philippe I between 1840 and 1860 to protect the road to Somport and to defend against a possible Spanish invasion. A barracks for soldiers and a pavilion for officers were set up on two floors at a height difference of 150 m . By 1925, the plant was of a regiment of infantry occupied. Subsequently, a colonie de vacances , a holiday facility for children and young people, moved into the fort. During the Second World War , a German garrison took over the site as part of the occupation of the unoccupied zone of France and simultaneously took over prominent French politicians imprisoned there, such as B. Léon Blum , Paul Reynaud , Georges Mandel , Édouard Daladier or Maurice Gamelin . They were convicted by the Vichy regime in the Riom trial and were then extradited to the Germans. After the liberation of France in 1945, the initiator of the Riom trial, Philippe Pétain himself, was sentenced to life imprisonment and also briefly housed in this fort. The Communauté de communes de la Vallée d'Aspe is now the owner of the facility, which is open to visitors on certain days of the year.
  • Cromlechs. No less than eleven Cromlechs were discovered in the municipality at heights between ( 1770  m ) and ( 1970  m ). Some stone circles measure seven meters in diameter, one of which has the remains of a burial chamber in the center.
  • Barrows. 19 tumuli at heights between ( 1189  m ) and ( 2020  m ) are evidence of an early settlement between 2,500 BC. BC and AD 500. As a special feature, the tumulus west of Lake Anglus is very flat and one of the two graves at Pic de Gabedaille has a burial chamber on the top of the hill.

Green spaces

Parc'Ours in Borce

Parc'Ours

It started when a Pyrenean brown bear cub called "Jojo" ran up in 1971 and was taken to an enclosure in Borce. After it died in 1991, two more bears came and the community decided to set up a zoo that kept other species of the Pyrenees in addition to the bears. Operation under the management of companies did not prove to be a permanent solution and so the association "Parc'Ours" was founded, which since 2010 has transformed the zoo into an animal sanctuary. Pets (e.g. donkeys , horses , goats , rabbits , guinea pigs , sheep ) or local wild animals ( brown bears , mouflons , chamois , fallow deer , roe deer , wild boars , marmots ) are partially accessible on seven hectares of the all-year-round facility Held in an enclosure.

Economy and Infrastructure

Ossau-Iraty

Today the community lives from tourism , the four hydropower plants and pasture farming . Borce is in the AOC zone of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk.

Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2014
total = 24

Sports

The extensive mountain landscape is criss-crossed with hiking trails. Borce is a stop on the GR 653 long-distance hiking trail from Toulouse to Jaca , which corresponds to a section of the Via Tolosana , the southernmost of the four Way of St. James.

traffic

Borce is crossed by Routes départementales 439, 739 and 740 and Route nationale 134 .

Marcel Amont (1969)

Personalities

  • Marcel Amont , born on April 1, 1929 in Bordeaux as Marcel Jean-Pierre Balthazar Miramon , is a singer and actor . He has parental roots in Borce and visits the community frequently, sometimes with performances in his barn. On October 3, 1998, he married his wife Marlène in the church of Borce, 30 years after their civil marriage in Paris.

Web links

Commons : Borce  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ géoportail - Borce ( fr ) Institut national de l'information geographique et forestière . Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  2. ↑ Ma commune: Borce ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  3. ↑ a b c d Regional Council of Aquitaine: Borce ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 10, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  4. ^ A b Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. Pp. 33, 158, 1863. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  5. ^ France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  6. ↑ Notice Communale Borce ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  7. ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Borce (64136) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  8. ^ Atlas français de la coopération décentralisée et des autres actions extérieures ( fr ) Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development . Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  9. ↑ Écomusée de la Vallée d'Aspe ( fr ) Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  10. ↑ hôpital Saint-Antoine-Abbé ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  11. ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Michel ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  12. ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Bénitier en calcaire noir ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 10, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  13. ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Mairie de Borce, ancienne maison forte ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 10, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  14. ^ Conseil regional d'Aquitaine: Fort du Portalet ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 10, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  15. ^ Ensemble fortifié du Portalet (également sur commune de Borce) ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  16. ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Cromlechs de Borce ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 10, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  17. ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Tumulus de Borce ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 10, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / visites.aquitaine.fr
  18. ↑ Parc'Ours ( fr ) Espace animalier de Borce. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  19. ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 10, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www2.inao.gouv.fr
  20. ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune de Borce (64136) ( fr ) INSEE . Archived from the original on March 13, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 10, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.insee.fr
  21. ↑ GR® 653 - Sentier vers Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle: Toulouse - Jaca ( fr ) Comité départemental de la Randonnée pédestre des Pyrénées-Atlantiques (CDRP 64). Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  22. ^ Renée Mourgues: Marcel Amont, de Borce et d'Aspe ( fr ) La Republique des Pyrenees. July 24, 2010. Retrieved March 10, 2017.