Précilhon

Précilhon
region	Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department	Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement	Oloron-Sainte-Marie
Canton	Oloron-Sainte-Marie-2
Community association	Haut Bearn
Coordinates	43 ° 12 ′  N , 0 ° 35 ′  W Coordinates: 43 ° 12 ′  N , 0 ° 35 ′  W
height	235-350 m
surface	6.39 km 2
Residents	401 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	63 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	64400
INSEE code	64460
Website	mairie-precilhon.fr
Parish Church of Saint Martin

Précilhon is a French municipality with 401 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). It belongs to the Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the Canton of Oloron-Sainte-Marie-2 (until 2015: Canton of Oloron-Sainte-Marie-Est ).

The name comes from Latin and means "Priscillius' estate". The inhabitants are called Précilhonais and Précilhonaises .

geography

Précilhon is about 2 km to the east and thus in the urban catchment area of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the historic province of Béarn .

The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:

Goès		Estialescq
		Escout
Oloron-Sainte-Marie

Précilhon is located in the catchment area of ​​the Adour River . The Ruisseau l'Escou and the Laberou, tributaries of the Gave d'Oloron , cross the territory of the municipality as do the Gabarn, the Grabette, the Ruisseau l'Arrigastou and the Ruisseau des Bers.

Ford over the Ruisseau l'Escou not far from the castle ruins of Bazerques

Sculpture next to the Parish Church of Précilhon

history

A dolmen from the late Neolithic , which was used as a place of burial until the 5th century AD, indicates an early and continuous existence of people in this area.

The commune has its origins in Gallo-Roman times , first mentioned in a document regulating the right of the residents of Sainte-Marie to graze their animals in the Barbeille forest. It is the delimitations of the forest management that form the foundation of the village. In the 1385 census in Béarn, Précilhon counted 30 households. The village was under the Bailliage of Oloron . Further censuses between 1549 and 1777 showed stable size and low mobility. The community was under the same landlord , the Baron von Gayrosse, later the de Luger family, then the de Courrèges family for a longer period .

Toponyms and mentions of Précilhon were:

• Precilhon (1267, documents from Monein ),
• Plessilhoo (1368, notaries from Lucq ),
• Pressilhon (1375, contracts of the notary Luntz, sheet 110),
• Precilhoo (1385, census in the Béarn),
• Pressilho (1405, notaries from Navarrenx , sheet 17),
• Sent-Martii de Pressilhoo (1421, notaries from Lucq),
• Presilhon and Presylho (1547 and 1548, respectively, reformation de Béarn , manuscript collection from the 16th to 18th centuries),
• Precilhon (1750, map by Cassini ),
• Persillon (1776, regulations of the Béarn Estates Assembly ),
• Precilhon (1793, Notice Communale ),
• Pressillon (1801, Bulletin des Lois ) and
• Précillon (1863, Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées).

Population development

After a peak in the number of inhabitants of around 500 in the middle of the 19th century, the number fell in the following period to a level between around 250 and 340 inhabitants. There has been a growth trend since the turn of the millennium.

year	1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2009	2017
Residents	290	254	299	295	320	355	361	354	401

From 1962 official figures without residents with a secondary residence
Sources: EHESS / Cassini until 2006, INSEE from 2009

Attractions

Parish Church of Saint Martin

• Parish church dedicated to Martin of Tours . There was already a previous church in the Middle Ages , at a time when the pastor also looked after the parish church in the neighboring parish of Estialescq. However, the current building dates from the 17th century. In 1865 the bell tower was built over the entrance porch and the sacristy , and around 1876 the vault was embellished with wall paintings . In the 19th century, the entrance porch was used as a school room at times. The nave offers space for a main and a side aisle. The semicircular apse has a Romanesque window opening, which is now covered with plaster. The altarpiece in the church choir dates from the 17th or 18th century and, like a lecture cross from the 17th century, is classified as a monument historique . It is structured in three parts separated by serpentine columns decorated with vine tendrils and olive tree branches. The central painting shows Christ crucified and is believed to be from the 19th century. Statues of St. Martin and a Pope are incorporated on the left and right part of the reredos . The tabernacle in front of it has a canopy in the middle. The risen Christ is enthroned on its dome . The door of the tabernacle illustrates Jesus Christ at the moment of mockery, flanked by depictions of Saints Peter and Paul . The wings of the tabernacle are decorated with the scene of the Annunciation with the Archangel Gabriel on the left and Mary and the Holy Spirit on the right. The predella , the lower, horizontal part of the reredos, was restored in 2004.

• Courrèges d'Agnos castle. Jean de Luger inherited the manor in 1602 and had the castle built next to a water mill , which was to serve as the residence of the landlords. In 1764, Jean-Raymond de Courrèges acquired the manorial power. In the same year a fire destroyed the original buildings.

Bazerques castle ruins

• Bazerques castle ruins. The castle was built in the 16th century not far from the parish church in the Renaissance style, mainly by Bernard de Casaucau, canon in Lescar . The de Luger family acquired the property in the mid-16th century and Charles-Antoine de Luger sold it to the community on August 9, 1753 for 1,950 francs, twelve sugar loafs and twelve pairs of capons . After reparations, the parish priest used it as a parsonage until the French Revolution . The last lord of the castle was Charles François Auguste Bazerques, born on March 18, 1857, who inherited it from his father. He remained celibate, devoted himself entirely to hunting and neglected the castle until his death on August 24, 1918. The castle comprised a three-story, slate- roofed residential building with a four-story four-story tower. The main entrance in the shape of a pointed arch was on the north side. The walls are made of pebbles of various origins, quarry stones from limestone and sandstone . A corrugated Renaissance chimney and a chimney with stucco can still be seen inside the ruin .

• Dolmen, called Darre la Peyre . Located in the Précilhon forest, it was mentioned as early as 1807 when it was listed on the Napoleonic land register . Between 1997 and 2000 the dolmen was first analyzed and then excavated. Its diameter is 10 m and its height 25 to 30 cm. It was built in the same time period as the nearby Escout Tumulus , probably during the late Neolithic in the third millennium BC. It was used continuously, as evidenced by a ceramic from the Bronze Age found in the central grave . Pottery shards and two blue glass beads, characteristic of the Gallo-Roman period between 30 BC, have been found on the bottom of another grave. And 70 AD are. Between the third and fifth centuries, a structure of stones strung together was built on the west side, probably the edge of a tomb. Visits to modern times are evidence of a musket ball 16 mm in diameter, two stones for rifles and six coins from the 14th to 17th centuries. In addition, alleged grave robbers left a coin from the time of Louis XVI.

Economy and Infrastructure

Ossau-Iraty

Précilhon is located in the AOC area of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk.

Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2015
Total = 31

education

The community has a public primary school with 25 students in the 2017/2018 school year.

sport and freetime

An easy circular route of 9.4 km in length and a difference in altitude of 270 m leads from Goès or Précilhon through the forest of Précilhon and there u. a. past the Dolmen Darre la Peyre .

traffic

Précilhon is crossed by the national road 134 and the routes départementales 24 and 116.

Line 63 of the TER Aquitaine , a regional train of the national SNCF , serves the route from Pau to Bedous via Oloron-Sainte-Marie, the part of the Pau-Canfranc railway line that is operated today . The railroad crosses the municipality, but the municipality has no stopping point.

Web links

Commons : Précilhon  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Atlas du Patrimoine Historique et Culturel with pictures from Précilhon (French)
• Précilhon on the Association of Municipalities website (French)
• Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
• Website with a description of the Dolmen Darre la Peyre (French)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Précilhon ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on November 10, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 10, 2017. 
2. ↑ Pyrénées-Atlantiques Gentilé ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
3. ↑ Ma commune: Précilhon ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
4. ↑ ^{a b} Le dolmen de Darre la Peyre ( fr ) www.lieux-insolites.fr. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
5. ^ ^{A b} Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 139, 1863. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
6. ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
7. ↑ ^{a b} Notice Communale Précilhon ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved November 10, 2017.
8. ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Précilhon (64460) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved November 10, 2017.
9. ↑ Église Saint-Martin ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on November 10, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 10, 2017. 
10. ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Martin ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved November 10, 2017.
11. ↑ Retable et tabernacle du chœur de l'église Saint-Martin ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on November 10, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 10, 2017. 
12. ↑ Tabernacle, gradin, retable, sculptures, chandeliers et tableau ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved November 10, 2017.
13. ↑ croix de procession ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved November 10, 2017.
14. ↑ Château de Courrèges d'Agnos ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on November 10, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 10, 2017. 
15. ↑ Ruines du château de Bazerques ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on November 10, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 10, 2017. 
16. ↑ histoire ( fr ) Parish of Précilhon. Archived from the original on November 10, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 10, 2017. 
17. ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher-un-produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved November 10, 2017.
18. ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Précilhon (64460) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved November 10, 2017.
19. ^ École élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
20. ↑ Promenons-nous dans les bois ( fr , PDF) Tourist Office of the Piémont Oloronais. Retrieved November 10, 2017.